预防性输注新鲜冰冻血浆对胰十二指肠切除术患者的近期疗效观察

目的探讨胰十二指肠切除术患者术后预防性输注新鲜冰冻血浆的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析中南大学湘雅三医院2015年1月至2018年12月收治的112例接受十二指肠切除术治疗的胰腺恶性肿瘤患者,根据术后6 h是否预防性输注新鲜冰冻血浆(FFP)分为对照组65例和FFP组47例。比较2组患者术后3 d平均生命体征和凝血指标及患者术后肛门排气时间、首次进流食时间、72 h伤口引流量、术后拔除引流管时间、术后住院天数、围手术期费用和术后并发症发生率。结果FFP组患者术后血白蛋白浓度显著高于对照组[(36.7±1.4)g/L vs(33.2±1.0)g/L,t=15.109,P<0.001],术后72 h伤口引流量、术后拔除引流管时间、术后住院天数、围手术期费用、总并发症发生率均小于对照组[(131.1±54.6)ml vs(212.0±67.8)ml,t=-6.749,P<0.001;(6.0±1.3)d vs(9.0±1.6)d,t=-10.81,P<0.001;(14.1±1.8)d vs(18.9±3.6)d,t=-9.334,P<0.001;(89531.0±7789.4)元vs(105743.3±7440.8)元,t=-11.16,P<0.001;10.6%(5/47)vs 36.9%(24/65),χ~2=9.821,P=0.002]。2组患者术后均未出现围手术期死亡,FFP组患者未出现输血相关并发症。结论胰十二指肠切除术患者术后预防性输注FFP,具有使患者术后出血少、恢复快、缩短住院时间、减少住院费用和降低并发症发生率等优点,对患者近期临床效果显著。     

Implementation of an educational program for pancreaticoduodenectomy in a university hospital: a retrospective observational study

Objective::No ideal training system exists for pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). We developed an educational system that uses an objective structured assessment of ...     

Robotic-assisted pancreaticoduodenectomy with vascular resection. Description of the surgical technique and analysis of early outcomes

BackgroundDespite the potential benefits, the adoption of the minimally invasive surgery for the treatment of borderline resectable pancreatic cancer is still in the initial phase. We investigated the safety and feasibility of the robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy with venous resection/reconstruction (RPD SMV/PV).MethodsSince March 2013 to October 2019, a total of 73 RPD and 10 RPD SMV/PV were performed. The two groups were case-matched according to the preoperative characteristics.ResultsMean operative times and estimated blood loss were less in the RPD group in comparison to that in the RPD with SMV-PV group (525 vs 642 min, p = 0.003 and 290 vs 620 ml, p = 0.002, respectively). The mean length of hospital stay was similar in the RPD group in comparison to that in the RPD with SMV-PV group (10 days vs 13 days, p = 0.313). The two groups had similar overall postoperative morbidity rate (57.5% vs 60%, p = 0.686), although the severe complication rate was lower in the RPD group (11% vs 40%, p = 0.004).ConclusionsRPD with SMV-PV is associated with increased operative time, estimated blood loss, higher major complication rate compared with RPD.     

胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘的影响因素研究进展

胰十二指肠切除术(Pancreaticoduodenectomy,PD)是治疗壶腹周围恶性肿瘤、癌前病变和部分良性疾病的标准术式。PD手术切除范围广,吻合口多,手术并发症较多。近年来,PD手术死亡率已经由最初的大于50%下降到目前的小于5%,手术并发症发生率也显著下降。PD术后主要并发症有胰瘘、出血、腹腔感染、胆瘘、乳糜瘘、术后胃排空障碍等。其中,胰瘘是导致PD术后早期死亡的主要原因。本文就影响PD术后胰瘘的全身因素、局部因素和手术相关因素进行综述,为降低PD术后胰瘘发生率提供临床可操作性。     

Current highlights on solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas is a low-grade malignant tumor that predominantly affects young women in their third and fourth decade. Etiology and risk factors are unknown. Clinical symptoms are aspecific and most commonly due to mass effect. Diagnosis is made by computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging and histological characterization is obtained by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy. Microscopically, these lesions are composed by both solid and pseudopapillary structures with necrotic and hemorrhagic areas. Occasionally, the biological behavior is aggressive with tumor recurrence and distant metastasis. Usually, curative R0 surgical resection is the best option able to provide long term survival even in advanced disease. Unresectable disease is the main predictor of poor prognosis. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy regimens are not well standardized. However, they could be effective in reducing tumor size as neoadjuvant treatment or disease control in palliative setting. Although complete surgical resection provides a cure rate of > 95%, considering young age of the patients and morbidity associated to pancreatic surgery, further studies are needed to better investigate risk factors and responsiveness to hormones in order to allow early diagnosis and follow up strategies that could avoid unnecessary surgery in less aggressive disease.     

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma: Outstanding problems

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma remains the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death and is one of the most aggressive malignant tumors with an overall 5-year survival rate of less than 4%.Surgical resection remains the only potentially curative treatment but is only possible for 15%-20% of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma.About 40% of patients have locally advanced nonresectable disease.In the past,determination of pancreatic cancer resectability was made at surgical exploration.The development of modern imaging techniques has allowed preoperative staging of patients.Institutions disagree about the criteria used to classify patients.Vascular invasion in pancreatic cancers plays a very important role in determining treatment and prognosis.There is no evidence-based consensus on the optimal preoperative imaging assessment of patients with suspected pancreatic cancer and a unified definition ofborderline resectable pancreatic cancer is also lacking.Thus,there is much room for improvement in all aspects of treatment for pancreatic cancer.Multi-detector computed tomography has been widely accepted as the imaging technique of choice for diagnosing and staging pancreatic cancer.With improved surgical techniques and advanced perioperative management,vascular resection and reconstruction are performed more frequently;patients thought once to be unresectable are undergoing radical surgery.However,when attempting heroic surgery,a realistic approach concerning the patient’s age and health status,probability of recovery after surgery,perioperative morbidity and mortality and life quality after tumor resection is necessary.     

胰十二指肠切除术后晚期出血的介入治疗

目的 评价介入治疗胰十二指肠切除术后晚期出血的有效性及安全性.方法 2004年8月至2009年3月对解放军总医院18例胰十二指肠切除术后晚期出血的患者行介入治疗,其中男14例、女4例,年龄23～75岁,胰腺癌8例,胰腺囊腺瘤2例,十二指肠乳头癌4例,胰腺炎4例.所用介入治疗方法 包括脾动脉栓塞、胃十二指肠动脉残端栓塞、肝动脉栓塞、经导管肠系膜上动脉分支血管加压素灌注、肝动脉覆膜支架置入.结果 所有患者共行介入治疗29次,16例患者末次介入治疗后均未再发出血,其余2例患者血管造影未发现明确出血征象亦未行假定出血血管栓塞治疗,再次开腹后证实为消化道溃疡出血,经手术切除溃疡部位后未再发出血.18例患者生存时间为1周～50个月,其中5例患者末次介入治疗后1～7周内死于感染、多器官功能衰竭,7例患者8～17个月后死于肿瘤进展,其余患者均健在.结论 介入治疗胰十二指肠切除术后晚期出血是安全、有效的,介入治疗应作为内科治疗无效的胰十二指肠切除术后晚期出血的首选治疗方法 .     

胰十二指肠切除术后营养支持方式的探讨

目的:比较肠内营养(EN)和肠外营养(PN)支持对胰十二指肠切除(PD)术后病人营养状态的改善、术后并发症发生率的影响,探讨PD术后营养支持的意义及临床应用的价值。方法:在2008年至2011年间,按特定筛选标准入组40例病人。通过随机对照的方法比较PD术后病人EN和PN支持模式后的营养状态、术后并发症发生率的变化。结果:PN组和EN+PN组白蛋白和转铁蛋白水平在术前1 d,术后第7、10天无统计学差异(P>0.05);前白蛋白水平在术后第7、10天有统计学差异(P0.05),但EN+PN组并发症总数明显少于PN组(P<0.05)。PN组病人出现肝功能损害机会较大(P<0.05),EN+PN组病人中心静脉导管拔除时间和住院时间均明显短于PN组,住院费用也明显少于PN组(P<0.01)。结论:PD术后病人PN和EN支持对营养状况都有明显改善作用,PN营养支持在术后早期相对EN有一定优势,但长期应用存在较多不利因素,在胃肠功能恢复后,应尽早行消化道EN,并以EN和PN联合方式进行术后营养支持。     

胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘发生的相关因素分析

目的 探讨胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘发生的危险因素.方法 回顾性分析2000年5月至2010年5月昆明医学院第二附属医院收治的186例行胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料,根据术后是否发生胰瘘将患者分成胰瘘组(39例)和非胰瘘组(147例)进行队列研究.对围手术期可能与胰瘘发生相关的多种因素进行分析,筛选胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘发生的危险因素.单因素分析采用x2检验或Fisher确切概率法,多因素分析采用Logistic回归模型.结果 186例患者中39例发生胰瘘,其中A级26例、B级10例、C级3例.单因素分析结果显示:术前黄疸时间、术前6个月体质量下降、术前TBil、术前纠正后Alb、术后第3天Alb、胰腺残端游离长度、胰管直径、胰腺质地、腹腔引流管拔出时间是发生胰瘘的影响因素(x2=34.990,20.480,8.212,10.890,13.561,11.505,13.820,4.539,36.590,P＜0.05).多因素分析结果显示:术前黄疸时间＞8周、术前6个月体质量下降≥10％、胰管直径＜3 mm、胰腺质地柔软、腹腔引流管拔出时间＞5d是发生胰瘘的独立危险因素(OR=2.229,3.383,1.437,1.273,11.939,P＜0.05).结论 术前黄疸时间＞8周、术前6个月内体质量下降≥10％、胰管直径＜3 mm、胰腺质地柔软和腹腔引流管拔出时间＞5d将增加患者胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘的发生率.