Effect of early enteral combined with parenteral nutrition in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy

AIM:To investigate the effect of early enteral nutrition(EEN)combined with parenteral nutritional support in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD).METHODS:From January 2006,all patients were given EEN combined with parenteral nutrition(PN)(EEN/PN group,n=107),while patients prior to this date were given total parenteral nutrition(TPN)(TPN group,n=67).Venous blood samples were obtained for a nutrition-associated assessment and liver function tests on the day before surgery and 6 d after surgery.The assessment of clinical outcome was based on postoperative complications.Follow-up for infectious and noninfectious complications was carried out for 30 d after hospital discharge.Readmission within 30 d afterdischarge was also recorded.RESULTS:Compared with the TPN group,a significant decrease in prealbumin(PAB)(P=0.023)was seen in the EEN/PN group.Total bilirubin(TB),direct bilirubin(DB)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)were significantly decreased on day 6 in the EEN/PN group(P=0.006,0.004 and 0.032,respectively).The rate of gradeⅠcomplications,gradeⅡcomplications and the length of postoperative hospital stay in the EEN/PN group were significantly decreased(P=0.036,0.028and 0.021,respectively),and no hospital mortality was observed in our study.Compared with the TPN group(58.2%),the rate of infectious complications in the EEN/PN group(39.3%)was significantly decreased(P=0.042).Eleven cases of delayed gastric emptying were noted in the TPN group,and 6 cases in the EEN/PN group.The rate of delayed gastric emptying and hyperglycemia was significantly reduced in the EEN/PN group(P=0.031 and P=0.040,respectively).CONCLUSION:Early enteral combined with PN can greatly improve liver function,reduce infectious complications and delayed gastric emptying,and shorten postoperative hospital stay in patients undergoing PD.     

Retroperitoneal cavernous hemangioma resected by a pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy

A retroperitoneal hemangioma is a rare disease. We report on the diagnosis and treatment of a retroperitoneal hemangioma which had uncommonly invaded into both the pancreas and duodenum, thus requiring a pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PpPD). A 36-year-old man presented to our hospital with abdominal pain. An enhanced computed tomography scan without contrast enhancement revealed a 12 cm × 9 cm mass between the pancreas head and right kidney. Given the high rate of malignancy associated with retroperitoneal tumors, surgical resection was performed. Intraoperatively, the tumor was inseparable from both the duodenum and pancreas and PpPD was performed due to the invasive behavior. Although malignancy was suspected, pathological diagnosis identified the tumor as a retroperitoneal cavernous hemangioma for which surgical resection was the proper diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. Reteoperitoneal cavernous hemangioma is unique in that it is typically separated from the surrounding organs. However, clinicians need to be aware of the possibility of a case, such as this, which has invaded into the surrounding organs despite its benign etiology. From this case, we recommend that combined resection of inseparable organs should be performed if the mass has invaded into other tissues due to the hazardous nature of local recurrence. In summary, this report is the first to describe a case of retroperitoneal hemangioma that had uniquely invaded into surrounding organs and was treated with PpPD.     

80岁以上胰十二指肠切除术16例分析

目的:分析80岁以上病人的胰十二指肠切除术(pancreaticoduodenectomy,PD)的可行性与结果。方法:回顾性分析16例行PD的80岁以上病人资料并与同期80岁以下病人对比。结果:80岁以上组7例病人发生术后并发症(43.8%),腹腔感染和胃排空延迟各2例(12.5%),肺部感染4例(25.0%),心功能不全、腹腔出血、切口感染和泌尿系感染各1例(6.3%)。术后胰瘘4例(25.0%),A级1例,B级2例,C级1例。术后死亡1例(6.3%),原因为胰瘘并发腹腔感染、腹腔出血、肺部感染引起的多脏器功能衰竭,对比80岁以下病人术后死亡率及术后并发症发生率无统计学差异。结论:80岁以上高龄病人不是手术禁忌,该手术安全可行。专业的手术团队,合理评估病人术前情况,围手术期正确处理是降低术后死亡率和并发症发生率的有效措施。     

保留十二指肠胰头切除术与胰十二指肠切除术治疗慢性胰腺炎的比较研究

目的:比较保留十二指肠胰头切除术(duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection,DPPHR)与胰十二指肠切除术(pancreaticoduodenectomy,PD)治疗慢性胰腺炎的安全性及临床疗效。方法:回顾分析我院2004年1月至2010年12月接受DPPHR与PD的59例慢性胰腺炎病人,比较两种术式的术前数据、手术情况、术后并发症率、死亡率和术后住院天数等,用EORTC(European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer)QLQ-C30(Quality-of-Life Questionnaire-C30)V3.0中文版生活质量评分量表评价术后病人的生活质量。结果:共59例病人纳入研究,PD组37例,DPPHR组22例。两组术前特征无统计学差异。PD组与DPPHR组相比,在术中失血[(332±103)mL比(241±74)mL,P<0.05]、手术时间[(310±91)min比(249±71)min,P<0.05)]和术后住院天数[(14.3±9.0)d比(9.4±8.4)d,P0.05)和生活质量评分两组无统计学差异,但DPPHR组评分略优于PD组。结论:DPPHR组与PD相比在缓解慢性胰腺炎病人疼痛方面有效。两组生活质量无统计学差异。两组病人在术后并发症发生率和术后死亡率上并无统计学差异,同样安全可行,在术后住院天数、术中失血和手术时间,DPPHR组优于PD组。     

胰十二指肠切除术后病人对肠内联合肠外营养模式的顺应性研究

目的:研究胰十二指肠切除术后病人对两种营养支持模式的顺应性和效果。方法:36例胰十二指肠切除术病人,男24例,女12例,中位年龄61(43～75)岁,分为两组:18例接受全肠内营养(EN),18例接受EN联合肠外营养(PN);对比两组营养支持的实施、临床表现、营养相关不良反应和实验室指标等。结果:两组病例的术后并发症发生率无统计学差异。EN联合PN组病人对EN耐受性优于单纯EN组:EN联合PN组仅1例(5.6%)因腹泻而中止EN,其余均完成EN:EN组病人9例(50%)不耐受,4例病人需减慢EN灌注速度,未完成部分由PN补足,5例不得不中止EN,完全改为PN两组病人营养等相关性指标无统计学差异。结论:EN联合PN模式更适用于胰十二指肠切除术后病人的营养支持。     

Duodenal adenocarcinoma: Advances in diagnosis and surgical management

Duodenal adenocarcinoma is a rare but aggressive malignancy. Given its rarity, previous studies have traditionally combined duodenal adenocarcinoma(DA) with either other periampullary cancers or small bowel adenocarcinomas, limiting the available data to guide treatment decisions. Nevertheless, management primarily involves complete surgical resection when technically feasible. Surgery may require pancreaticoduodenectomy or segmental duodenal resection; either are acceptable options as long as negative margins are achievable and an adequate lymphadenectomy can be performed. Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation are important components of multi-modality treatment for patients at high risk of recurrence. Further research would benefit from multiinstitutional trials that do not combine DA with other periampullary or small bowel malignancies. The purpose of this article is to perform a comprehensive review of DA with special focus on the surgical management and principles.     

胰十二指肠切除术后营养支持病例分析

【摘要】 目的 通过该病例探讨胰十二指肠切除术(PD)后患者营养支持治疗的个体化方案。方法 在1例胰十二指肠切除术后患者营养支持治疗过程中,临床药师协助临床医师制定合理的营养治疗方案:由初始给予全肠外营养支持,逐步过渡至肠内营养支持,最后患者以管饲肠内营养为主,辅以半流饮食,并作疾病的进一步治疗。结果 在临床药师的参与下,医师对患者营养治疗方案的制定和调整,改善患者的营养状况,患者顺利进入肠内营养支持阶段并辅以半流饮食,为疾病术后恢复奠定了基础。结论 临床药师通过对胰十二指肠切除患者的营养支持治疗过程的监护和分析,协助医师优化营养治疗方案,确保良好的治疗效果。     

Pancreatic cancer: Open or minimally invasive surgery?

Pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma is one of the most fatal malignancies, with R0 resection remaining the most important part of treatment of this malignancy. However, pancreatectomy is believed to be one of the most challenging procedures and R0 resection remains the only chance for patients with pancreatic cancer to have a good prognosis. Some surgeons have tried minimally invasive pancreatic surgery, but the shortand long-term outcomes of pancreatic malignancy remain controversial between open and minimally invasive procedures. We collected comparative data about minimally invasive and open pancreatic surgery. The available evidence suggests that minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy(MIPD) is as safe and feasible as open PD(OPD), and shows some benefit, such as less intraoperative blood loss and shorter postoperative hospital stay. Despite the limited evidence for MIPD in pancreatic cancer, most of the available data show that the short-term oncological adequacy is similar between MIPD and OPD. Some surgical techniques, including superior mesenteric artery-first approach and laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy with major vein resection, are believed to improve the rate of R0 resection. Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy is less technically demanding and is accepted in more pancreatic centers. It is technically safe and feasible and has similar short-term oncological prognosis compared with open distal pancreatectomy.     

胰十二指肠切除术后早期营养支持治疗方式的比较

目的:研究胰十二指肠切除术后病人应用早期肠内营养(EEN)的可行性和安全性。方法:将43例行胰十二指肠切除术的病人随机分为EEN组(n=23)和全肠外营养(TPN)组(n=20)。观察两组病人的营养状况、术后并发症、住院时间、费用、肠蠕动恢复时间和肠道菌群的变化。结果:EEN组病人术后第7、14天血清清蛋白和转铁蛋白降幅均显著减少(P<0.05),术后第21天体重指数(BMI)基本恢复至术前水平。而TPN组病人恢复BMI时间>21 d,切口感染率、术后出血发生率高于EEN组(P<0.05)。住院时间和费用、肠蠕动恢复时间亦显著增加(P<0.05),与TPN组比,EEN组病人需氧菌数量显著降低,而肠道有益菌群数量显著增加。结论:胰十二指肠切除病人术后早期给予EN,能显著改善病人的营养状况,降低并发症的发生率,缩短住院时间和降低住院费用。