Efficacy of extended versus standard lymphadenectomy in pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic head adenocarcinoma. An update meta-analysis

BackgroundSurgical resection is the only possible cure for pancreatic cancer, it remains controversial whether extend lymphadenectomy in pancreatoduodenectomy (EPD) is better than standard lymphadenectomy in pancreatoduodenectomy (SPD). The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of EPD with SPD for pancreatic head adenocarcinoma.MethodsA specific search of online databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane library was conducted from January 1990 to October 2018. Relative perioperative outcomes were synthesized. Single-arm meta-analysis was also performed.ResultsA total of eight studies involving 687 (342 vs 345) patients were included for analysis in our study. The number of lymph nodes harvested [24.54 vs 13.29; weighted mean difference (WMD) ?10.69, P = 0.000], operative time (469.84 min vs 354.85 min; WMD -99.09, P = 0.000), and diarrhea (postoperative three months) [45.1% vs 18.2%; odds radio (OR) 0.20, P = 0.014] were significantly higher in patients who underwent EPD than SPD. The perioperative complications (35% vs 28.8%; OR 0.79, P = 0.186), tumor size (3.27 cm vs 3.248 cm; WMD -0.11, P = 0.256), lymph node metastasis (66% vs 55.9%; OR 0.71, P = 0.105), and positive margin (10.4% vs 11.3%; OR 1.28, P = 0.392) were no significant differences between EPD group and SPD group. Extended lymphadenectomy in pancreatoduodenectomy dose not contribute to the overall survival of patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head [hazard ratio (HR) 0.95; 95% CI 0.78–1.15; P = 0.61].ConclusionThe update meta-analysis shows that EPD failed to improve the overall survival, may even lead to increased morbidity.     

Predictors for Patterns of Failure after Pancreaticoduodenectomy in Ampullary Cancer

Background Ampullary cancer has the best prognosis in periampullary malignancy but unpredicted early recurrence after resection is frequent. The current study tried to find the predictors for recurrence to be used as determinative for postoperative adjuvant therapy. Methods Information was collected from patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy with regional lymphadenectomy for ampullary cancer in high-volume hospitals between January 1989 and April 2005. Recurrence patterns and survival rates were calculated and predictors were identified. Results A total of 135 eligible patients were included. The 30-day operative mortality was 3%. Median followup for relapse-free patients was 52 months. Disease recurred in 57 (42%) patients, including 31 liver metastases, 26 locoregional recurrences, 9 peritoneal carcinomatoses, 7 bone metastases, and 6 other sites. Pancreatic invasion (P = 0.04) and tumor size (P = 0.05) were the predictors for locoregional recurrence, while lymph node metastasis was the sole predictor for liver metastasis (P = 0.01). The 5-year disease-specific survival rate was 45.7%; 77.7% for stage I, 28.5% for stage II, and 16.5% for stage III; and 63.7% for node-negative versus 19.1% for node-positive patients. Pancreatic invasion and lymph node involvement were both predictors for survival of patients with ampullary cancer. Conclusion Pancreaticoduodenectomy with regional lymphadenectomy is adequate for early-stage ampullary cancer but a dismal outcome can be predicted in patients with lymph node metastasis and pancreatic invasion. Lymph node metastasis and pancreatic invasion can be used to guide individualized, risk-oriented adjuvant therapy.     

Modified Cattell's pancreaticojejunostomy,buttressing for soft pancreases and an isolated biliopancreatic loop are safety measurements that improve outcome after pancreaticoduodenectomy: a pilot study

Background:

Pancreatic anastomotic leak is one of the most serious complications following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Various factors have been implicated as contributors to pancreatic anastomotic leaks, the incidence of which has been as high as 28% in some series.

Objectives:

We describe technical modifications to Cattell''s technique for pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ), with buttressing of ‘soft’ pancreases and use of an isolated biliopancreatic loop for reconstruction following a PD.

Methods:

We report our early experience using this technique in 50 patients who underwent PD between May 2002 and June 2006.

Results:

There was no mortality in our series. The postoperative morbidity rate was 32% (16/50), with major complications occurring in seven (14%) patients. Pancreatic leak occurred in one patient (2%) and bile leak in one patient (2%). Both patients were managed conservatively.

Conclusions:

Reconstruction after PD using an isolated biliopancreatic loop and modifications to Cattell''s technique for PJ, with buttressing of the soft pancreas, can be performed with a low risk of pancreatic anastomotic leakage.     

Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the distal bile duct

Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) in the distal bile duct is very rare and different from common distal bile duct adenocarcinoma. A 77-year-old man was admitted with obstructive jaundice. Severe stenosis of the distal bile duct was revealed by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. Subtotal stomach-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed. A tumor measuring 1.8 cm in diameter was located in the distal bile duct. Both histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of the resected specimen revealed features of LCNEC of the bile duct. The patient developed multiple liver metastases, lung metastases, and local recurrence and died of disease 3 months after the operation. The clinical behavior of LCNEC in the distal bile duct appears to be highly aggressive with early metastases and a fatal outcome.     

改良胰肠吻合术中“悬吊式”胰管-空肠端侧连续缝合吻合在胰十二指肠切除术中的应用

目的：通过与其他吻合术式比较,探讨“悬吊式”胰管－空肠端侧,连续缝合吻合在胰十二指肠切除术中的应用价值。方法：回顾性分析2012年9月－2013年5月本院78例因恶性肿瘤进行胰十二指肠切除术患者的术式、相关临床信息与预后。将78例患者按胰肠吻合术式分为A组（20例）：吊式胰管－空肠端侧连续缝合吻合组;B组（42例）：胰管空肠端侧黏膜－黏膜吻合组;C组（16例）：其他胰肠吻合法三组,比较不同方式的胰肠吻合手术术后胰瘘等并发症发生情况。结果：A组术后胰瘘发生率明显低于B组及C组,差异有统计学意义（P=0．01）,同时术后吻合口出血的发生率也明显低于B、C两组,差异有统计学意义（P=0．003）。结论：“悬吊式”胰管一空肠端侧连续缝合吻合术明显降低十二指肠切除术后并发症的发生,其在胰十二指肠切除术的应用也越来越受到推广。     

套入式胰胃双层吻合在胰十二指肠切除术中的临床应用

目的探讨胰十二指肠切除术中采用套入式胰胃吻合重建的手术指征、方法及疗效。方法回顾性分析我院1999年1月至2011年6月期间施行的胰十二指肠切除并行套入式胰胃吻合的39例患者的临床资料,均采用胰管内放置支撑引流管套入式胰胃双层间断吻合法。结果本组患者均顺利完成手术,平均手术时间为362min,术中输血量平均为330mL;术后住院时间平均为24d。住院期间1例（占2．5％）患者肺部感染、呼吸衰竭死亡;术后并发症5例（占12．8％）,肺部感染2例,并胰胃吻合口出血1例,经抑酸止血治疗出血停止,切口感染3例,并切口裂开1例。结论套入式胰胃双层吻合是一种可靠有效的胰腺残端重建方式,合理地选择套八式胰胃吻合可以最大程度地减少胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘的发生。     

老年患者行胰十二指肠切除术的护理配合

目的:总结老年患者行胰十二指肠切除过程中护理配合的经验。方法:回顾性分析2001年～2010年我院实施的92例60岁以上老年患者胰十二指肠切除术过程中护理配合工作,并与60岁以下病例组进行比较。结果:本组病例手术均顺利完成,患者手术操作时间与对照组无明显差异(P>0.05);在手术室停留时间、术前准备时间和麻醉复苏时间要长于对照组,而术中出血量小于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:良好的手术配合有利老年患者胰十二指肠切除术的顺利实施。     

改良胰肠吻合及消化道重建方法在胰十二指肠切除术中的应用

目的探讨胰十二指肠切除术中胰-肠吻合技术及消化道重建方法的改进方式。方法搜集1998年3月至2010年12月采用改良胰空肠套入式吻合及胰腺、胆道Roux-en-Y型吻合重建消化道的132例行胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料,回顾分析术后早期并发症及术后6个月的随访资料。术后胰瘘诊断及分级标准参考国际胰瘘研究小组的临床指南。结果 132例患者中,手术死亡1例(0.8%),死因为溶血反应致急性肾功能衰竭;术后发生胰瘘16例(12.1%),A级者12例、B级者2例、C级者2例(需再次手术治疗)。无因胰瘘导致的死亡。112例获随访,随访期间无肿瘤复发者93例,除4例(4.3%)有脂肪痢样慢性腹泻和营养状况较差外,余89例消化吸收功能基本正常,营养状况良好;无胆汁反流性胃炎、胆道逆行感染、胃肠吻合口溃疡的发生。结论该改良胰-肠吻合方法具有操作简便、吻合可靠、胰瘘率低的特点,并能较好地保留胰腺外分泌功能;胰腺、胆道Roux-en-Y型吻合可减少后期并发症的发生。     

Telescopic technique associated with mucosectomy: a simple and safe anastomosis in pancreaticoduodenectomy

Pancreatic fistula remains a common problem and a main cause of morbidity and mortality after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). We have developed a safe and simple method of pancreaticojejunostomy in 33 patients, in whom approximately 3 cm of jejunal mucosa was cut to improve the adhesion between the loop and pancreatic parenchyma after end-to-end invagination. Furthermore, we have performed a purse-string procedure on 21 patients to secure the jejunum to the intussuscepted pancreatic stump instead of continuous running fashion with double needles of 5-0 monofilament synthetic absorbable sutures. This procedure was proved to be much more expeditious, and only 2 of 33 patients had pancreatic leakages. Therefore, the telescopic technique associated with mucosectomy is an acceptable and safe surgery for pancreaticojejunal anastomosis.