Therapeutic effects of total alkaloids of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f. on collagen-induced arthritis in rats

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f. is one of Traditional Chinese Medicines which is commonly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The total alkaloids were the main constituent part of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f. It has a great significance to study the effects of the total alkaloids of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f. (ATW) on RA.

Aim of the study

This paper aims at investigating the therapeutic effect of ATW on RA and its possible mechanism, and providing a theoretical and experimental basis for the clinical use of ATW.

Materials and methods

The model of wistar rats of type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was made, and the rats were perfused a stomach with ATW for 4 weeks continuously. Then the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-<alpha>, in the serum of CIA rats were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the joint pathological section of CIA rats was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining method and the expression of IL-6, IL-8, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), TNF-α were measure by immunohistochemistry staining method.

Results

Compared with model group, ATW could significantly reduce paw swelling and suppresse articular cartilage degenerated. The results also found that there was significant reduction levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in serum of CIA rats treated with ATW and ATW inhibited the expression of IL-6, IL-8, NF-κB, TNF-α in synovial tissue.

Conclusion

ATW not only could inhibit the symptom of CIA rats significantly but also could inhibit the production of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α in serum and the expression of IL-6, IL-8, NF-κB and TNF-α in synovial tissue targeting the inflammatory. ATW would be a drug as a novel botanical drug for the treatment of RA.     

口三针滞针牵拉法治疗顽固性面瘫面神经功能指数评价

目的:探寻治疗顽固性面瘫口角歪斜的有效针刺手法。方法:将101例顽固性面瘫患者随机分为观察组(48例)、对照组(53例)。两组在针刺患侧攒竹、四白、颊车、牵正的基础上,同取患侧口三针(地仓、口禾髎、夹承浆),观察组采用滞针牵拉法,对照组采用常规刺法,每天1次,10天为一疗程,观察2个疗程后面神经功能指数(FNFI)的变化。结果:治疗后两组FNFI均显著升高(均P0.01),且观察组优于对照组(P0.01),观察组面神经功能基本恢复率为87.5%(42/48),优于对照组的67.9%(36/53)(P0.05)。结论:口三针滞针牵拉法是治疗顽固性面瘫口角歪斜的较佳方法。     

HIF-1α与Caspase-3在乳腺癌中的表达及临床病理意义

目的：检测HIF-1α、Caspase-3在乳腺浸润性癌、导管内癌、导管内乳头状瘤中的表达,分析两者与乳腺癌发生及临床病理因素的关系。方法：免疫组化法检测HIF-1α、Caspase-3在乳腺浸润性导管癌、导管内癌、导管内乳头状瘤组织中的表达。结果：乳腺浸润性导管癌、导管内癌、导管内乳头状瘤中,HIF-1α阳性表达率分别为68.3%（41/60）、46.7%（28/60）、33.3%（20/60）,P〈0.05,差异有统计学意义,Caspase-3阳性表达率分别为48.3%（29/60）、58.3%（35/60）、62.8%（47/60）,P〈0.05,差异有统计学意义;两者表达与浸润性导管癌患者年龄、肿瘤大小无相关性（P〉0.05）。HIF-1α表达与乳腺癌病理分期、淋巴结有无转移、组织病理学分级有关（P〈0.05）。Caspase-3表达与组织病理学分级有关（P〈0.05）。HIF-1α、Caspase-3在乳腺浸润性癌中的表达呈负相关（r=-0.271,P〈0.05）。结论：HIF-1α、Caspase-3在乳腺癌的发生中起重要作用,联合检测可作为判断乳腺癌恶性程度和预后的指标。     

PAK1、HIF-1α在结肠癌组织中侵袭、转移中的表达研究

目的 探讨PAK1(p-21活化激酶1)、缺氧诱导因子1α (HIF-1α)在结肠癌组织中侵袭、转移中的表达.方法 分别采用免疫组化法和荧光原位杂交检测41例结肠癌组织和癌旁正常组织中的HIF-1α、PAK1表达,并分析HIF-1α、PAK1与临床病理的关系.结果 本组研究中,结肠癌组织HIF-1α mRNA、PAK1 mRNA阳性表达率和HIF-1α蛋白、PAK1蛋白阳性表达率均显著高于癌旁正常组织(P＜0.05).从蛋白水平上讲,HIF-1α、PAK1在淋巴结转移、TNM分期为Ⅲ～Ⅵ期和Dukes分期为C、D期中阳性表达率显著高于无淋巴结转移、TNM分期为Ⅰ～Ⅱ期、Dukes分期为A、B期患者,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).Spearman等级相关性分析显示,在蛋白水平,HIF-1α、PAK1在结直肠癌表达中呈正相关关系.结论 HIF-1α、PAK1可能参与结肠转侵袭和转移中.     

卤虫卵油脂肪酸组成分析及α-亚麻酸含量测定

目的采用毛细管气相色谱法分析卤虫卵油的脂肪酸主要组成并建立测定卤虫卵油中α-亚麻酸含量的方法。方法采用DB-WAX毛细管柱;程序升温:起始温度150℃,升温速率3℃.min-1,结束温度240℃,保持10 min;氢焰离子化检测器温度250℃。结果卤虫卵油中不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸质量分数超过70%,其中油酸、α-亚麻酸质量分数分别为26.9%、27.7%。α-亚麻酸甲酯质量在0.719～3.60μg内线性关系良好(r=0.999 8,n=5),平均回收率为101.6%,RSD=2.3%。结论毛细管气相色谱法可作为卤虫卵油α-亚麻酸的含量测定方法。     

Treatments and compositions targeting α-synuclein: a patent review (2010-2016)

Introduction: Abnormal deposition of α-synuclein (ASN) is a hallmark and possible central mechanism of Parkinson’s disease and other synucleinopathies. Their therapy is currently hampered by the lack of early, screening-compatible diagnostic methods and efficient treatments.

Areas covered: Patent applications related to synucleinopathies obtained from Patentscope and Espacenet databases are described against the background of current knowledge regarding the regulatory mechanisms of ASN behavior including alternative splicing, post-translational modifications, molecular interactions, aggregation, degradation, and changes in localization.

Expert opinion: As the central pathological feature and possibly one of root causes in a number of neurodegenerative diseases, deregulation of ASN is a potentially optimal diagnostic and therapeutic target. Changes in total ASN may have diagnostic value, especially if non-invasive /peripheral tissue tests can be developed. Targeting the whole ASN pool for therapeutic purposes may be problematic, however. ASN mutations, truncation, and post-translational modifications have great potential value; therapeutic approaches selective towards aggregated or aggregation-prone ASN forms may lead to more successful and safe treatments. Numerous ASN interactions with signaling pathways, protein degradation and stress mechanisms widen its potential therapeutic significance dramatically. However, significant improvement in the basic knowledge on ASN is necessary to fully exploit these opportunities.     

不同产地槐米炮制前后主成分的含量变化对α－葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制的影响

目的：比较研究10批不同产地槐米炒制前后对槐米中芦丁,槲皮素的含量变化及其对α－糖苷酶活性抑制作用的影响。方法对10批不同产地的槐米药材分别进行炒制,采用高效液相色谱法分别测定各槐米药材提取液中芦丁和槲皮素含量;以对硝基苯酚－β－1,4－葡萄糖苷（ pNPG）为底物,阿卡波糖为阳性对照,测定各槐米药材提取液对α－葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制率,比较了芦丁和槲皮素含量变化对α－葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性的影响。结果经过炒制后,10批槐米炒制品中的芦丁含量均有所降低,而槲皮素含量则明显升高;槐米炒制品对α－糖苷酶活性抑制作用均优于生品。结论不同产地槐米炮制后,由于槲皮素含量的普遍升高,导致了槐米炒制品对α－葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制作用升高,表明槲皮素在对α－糖苷酶抑制活性起着重要作用。在治疗糖尿病疾病时选用炒制槐米更为合理。     

大鼠腹膜粘连的病理学特征及血清中IL-6、TNF-α的变化

目的探讨大鼠腹膜粘连的病理学特征及血清中白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的变化。方法将40只SD大鼠随机分成对照组(n=8)和创伤粘连组(n=32)。对照组抽取其静脉血并取其回盲部组织;创伤粘连组分4组,每组8只,分别于术后1、3、5、7天抽取其静脉血和回盲部粘连组织;检测其TNF-α、IL-6,并观察其回盲部组织的病理改变。结果创伤粘连组1周内有明显的炎症反应,局部以纤维组织增生为主,血清中IL-6和TNF-α明显升高(P<0.05)。结论腹膜粘连以纤维组织增生为其病理学特征,细胞因子可能在腹膜粘连形成中发挥一定作用。     

Prostaglandin-versus alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated control of sympathetic neurotransmitter secretion in guinea-pig isolated vas deferens

Noradrenaline (NA) secretion of isolated superfused guinea-pig vas deferenswas studied by determination of total field stimulation-induced efflux of tritium, after preincubation with ³H-l-NA. The medium contained optimal concentrations of desmethylimipramine and normetanephrine to block local rebinding of free NA. Further addition of the two chemically different inhibitors of prostaglandin synthetase, 5,811,14 eicosatetraynoic acid or indomethacin, consistently enhanced the nerve stimulation-induced output of tritium at a frequency of 5/sec, but not at 10/sec. The α-adrenoceptor blocking agent, phenoxybenzamine further strongly elevated nerve stimulation-induced output of tritium. This rise was abolished by low concentrations of exogenous prostaglandin E₂. The results show that sympathetic neurotransmitter secretion in the guinea-pig vas deferens, during low frequency stimulation, is restricted by local formation of prostaglandin E. However and in addition, neurotransmitter secretion appears to be restricted by an α-adrenoceptor-mediated mechanism, which does not appear to depend on endogenous prostaglandin E as a chemical mediator.