PDCA循环管理在护理文书质控中的应用

目的探讨PDCA（计划、执行、检查、处理）循环管理在护理文书质控中的应用，并评价其实施效果。方法测评分析当前护理文书常见缺陷，确定根本原因，制定对策，执行对策，反馈与检控，总结处理，再优化。结果运用PDCA循环管理进行护理文书质控，护理文书记录缺陷明显降低，实施前后护理缺陷发生率的差异有高度显著性p〈0．01（χ^2=438．934）。结论PDCA循环管理是确保护理文书质量不断保持高水准的先进方法。     

苯并呋喃类木脂素衍生物通过抑制细胞周期蛋白质活性诱导MCF-7细胞G2/M期阻滞及凋亡

研究全新合成的苯并呋喃类木脂素化合物2-(3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯基)-4-甲酰基-5-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)-7-甲氧基苯并［b］呋喃(ERJT-12)的体外抗肿瘤细胞增殖作用及其分子机制。MTT法测定ERJT-12对人肿瘤细胞的抗增殖活性，流式细胞术检测细胞周期分布的改变及细胞凋亡，琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测DNA梯状条带，比色法测定Caspase-3/7和Caspase-6的活性，Western blotting检测细胞周期蛋白质Cdc25c(cell divide cycle 25c)、CDK1(cyclin dependent kinase 1)和CyclinB1的改变以及凋亡相关蛋白Bax和Bcl-2的变化。结果显示，ERJT-12对包括多药耐药细胞在内的多种人肿瘤细胞呈现出明显的细胞毒作用。ERJT-12可诱导MCF-7细胞出现明显的G₂/M期阻滞及细胞凋亡，细胞中Caspase-3/7和Caspase-6的活性显著升高； CyclinB1蛋白表达下调，Cdc25c和CDK1的活性下降，Bcl-2蛋白被磷酸化。ERJT-12具有显著的抗肿瘤细胞增殖活性，通过抑制细胞周期相关蛋白活性诱导细胞周期阻滞从而触发凋亡，可能成为新的抗肿瘤药物。     

Growth-inhibiting and Apoptosis-inducing Effects of Tanshinone ⅡA on Human Gastric Carcinoma Cells

To explore the effects of Taushinone ⅡA on the proliferation, apoptosis and gene ex- pression of p53 and bcl-2 in human gastric carcinoma MKN-45 cells. Cell count and MTT assay were used to study the proliferation-inhibiting effect of Tanshinone ⅡA on MKN-45 cells. The effect of Tanshinone ⅡA on the cell cycle and apoptosis of MKN-45 cells were examined by propidium io- dide (PI) staining and flow cytometry. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to further verify the ex- pression of p53 and bcl-2 gene after exposure to Tanshinone ⅡA in MKN-45 cells. The results showed that Tanshinone ⅡA significantly inhibited the growth and proliferation of MKN-45 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner (P<0.05). Tanshinone ⅡA arrested MKN-45 cells in G2/M phase which led to an obvious accumulation of G2/M phase cells while decreased number of G0/G1 phase cells. This resulted in apoptosis of MKN-45 cells and the apoptosis rate was as high as 43.91% after treatment with 2.0 μg/mL Tanshinone ⅡA for 96 h. It was also found that Tanshinone ⅡA up-regulated expression of p53 gene and down-regulated expression of bcl-2 gene. The cytostatic and antiproliferative effect of Tanshinone ⅡA makes it a promising anticancer agent for the treatment of gastric carcinoma.     

人类S期激酶相关蛋白2表达质粒的构建

目的:克隆人类S期激酶相关蛋白2(Skp2)基因,构建其表达质粒,为今后进一步研究Skp2的生物学功能提供基础。方法:采用RT-PCR技术扩增人类Skp2 eDNA全长序列,运用DNA重组技术将其重组于pcDNA3.1/myc- His A质粒,构建Skp2表达质粒。结果:通过酶切电泳分析及DNA测序分析证实,实验成功构建了Skp2表达质粒。结论:Skp2表达质粒pcDNA3.1/mye-His A-Skp2构建成功,为进一步研究Skp2的生物学功能及其在肿瘤发生、发展、诊断和预后中的作用奠定了基础。     

补肾复方对胸腺细胞增殖周期、胸腺一氧化氮及抗氧化作用的影响

[目的]研究补肾阳复方右归饮和补肾阴复方左归饮在体内对小鼠胸腺细胞增殖周期,胸腺组织一氧化氮和抗氧化作用的影响.[方法]分别采用流式细胞术检测右归饮、左归饮对小鼠胸腺细胞增殖周期、SOD测定试剂盒,NO测定试剂盒检测SOD、NO的含量.[结果]小鼠灌服右归饮后,胸腺细胞的细胞周期较之对照组发生明显的改变,表现为G2/M期细胞的比例明显增加,而G0/G1期细胞的比例明显减少(P＜0.01).而左归饮组小鼠胸腺细胞的细胞周期无明显影响;右归饮组小鼠胸腺组织SOD的活力显著高于对照组,NO的含量则显著低于对照组,而左归饮组则均无显著差异.[结论]右归饮有延缓胸腺衰老的作用,其可能的机制之一是增强胸腺组织的抗氧化能力.     

醋酸甲羟孕酮增强顺铂对人卵巢癌耐药细胞抗癌作用的研究

目的:观察醋酸甲羟孕酮(MPA)对人卵巢癌CoC1/cDDP细胞移植瘤的生长抑制作用及对DDP的耐药逆转作用,并分析其作用机制。方法:建立人卵巢癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型,随机分为4组,每组5只。(1)对照组:腹腔注射等体积生理盐水;(2)DDP治疗组:每只每次腹腔注射DDP 3mg/kg。(3)MPA治疗组:每只每次灌胃30mg/kg;(4)联合治疗组:每只每次灌胃MPA 30mg/kg,1h后每只每次腹腔注射DDP 3mg/kg,每隔2天给药1次,共4次,于治疗第1、5、10、15、20天分别测瘤体积,20天后处死裸鼠,完整剥出瘤组织,称瘤重,计算抑瘤率;通过流式细胞仪检测亚G1期细胞及AnnexinV+/PI-细胞鉴定细胞凋亡,分析移植瘤细胞周期;用半定量RT-PCR法检测移植细胞组织Survivin-ΔEx3、caspase-3、P21WAF1/CIP1及GST-π4基因mRNA表达。结果:(1)MPA组、MPA+DDP组治疗第10天起皮下移植瘤体积明显小于DDP组和对照组,且进行性缩小(P<0.01);抑瘤率分别为51.63%、62.21%,均明显大于DDP组的6.84%(P<0.01),并且两组间有显著差异(P<0.01);(2)流式细胞仪分析显示,移植瘤出现亚G1期峰及AnnexinV+/PI-细胞均证实MPA能诱导CoC1/cDDP细胞凋亡,并显著高于对照组及DDP组,并出现G1期阻滞;与DDP合用除出现G1期阻滞外又出现G2/M期阻滞,S期明显减少,亚G1期细胞及AnnexinV+/PI-细胞进一步上升;(3)半定量RT-PCR检测显示,MPA组Survivin-ΔEx3、GST-πmRNA下调,而P21WAF1/CIP1、caspase-3 mRNA上调,与DDP合用后,对Survivin-ΔEx3、P21WAF1/CIP1及GST-πmRNA的表达无协调作用,而对caspase-3 mRNA有协同上调作用。结论:MPA通过阻滞G0/G1期明显抑制了CoC1/cDDP移植瘤生长,并有很强的致凋亡作用,同时下调GST-πmRNA,从而逆转对顺铂耐药。     

铁剥夺抗K562细胞的增殖作用及机制

目的观察铁剥夺对白血病细胞增殖的影响。方法以K562细胞作为人类白血病细胞株,台盼蓝染色,光镜下计数活细胞率;用四甲基偶氮唑蓝（MTT）法测A值（570nm）,绘制生长曲线;流式细胞术分析细胞周期变化。结果小剂量去铁胺（DFO）（12.5μmol/L）处理K562细胞时,生长曲线轻微变化,随时间延长和DFO剂量增加（25、50、100μmol/L）,细胞存活率明显下降,生长曲线高峰显著低于对照组。DFO的抗增殖活性为时间-剂量依赖型。用DFO（50、100μmol/L）处理K562细胞48和72h后,G0/G1期细胞数量增加,S期细胞数量减少,与对照组比较均有显著性差异（Pa〈0.001）。上述作用可被等浓度的三氯化铁抵消。结论铁剥夺具有抗白血病细胞增殖作用,剥夺细胞内铁,阻止细胞由G0/G1期进入S期可能是其机制之一。     

Hair growth-modulation by adrenergic drugs

Since we have recently shown that the beta 2-adrenoreceptor (beta 2-AR) expression of selected regions of the hair follicle (HF) epithelium as well as the number of adrenergic nerve fibers in murine skin change in a hair cycle-dependent manner, this has raised the possibility that adrenergic nerves may exert "trophic" functions during HF cycling. To further explore this concept, we have investigated the effect of neuro-pharmacological manipulations on hair growth (anagen) induction in quiescent telogen mouse skin in vivo. Here, we demonstrate that subcutaneous injections of the noradrenaline (NA)-depleting agent guanethidine, or of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine, but not of the beta 2-AR agonist isoproterenol induce a premature onset of anagen in the lower back skin of C57BL/6 mice. On day 20 after the start of treatment, more than 80% of the guanethidine-treated mice and ca. 65% of the 6-hydroxydopamine-treated (6-OHDA) mice exhibited premature skin darkening and hair growth at the site of drug application, whereas less than one-third of all control animals showed macroscopic signs of anagen development. This was confirmed by histology, demonstrating mature anagen VI HFs only at the immediate site of treatment with guanethidine or 6-OHDA as opposed to resting telogen HFs in the neighboring untreated skin area. This observation further supports the concept that sympathetic nerves are intimately involved in hair growth control and invites one to explore the neuro-pharmacological manipulation of piloneural interactions as a novel therapeutic strategy for the management of hair growth disorders.     

硫芥诱导Hela细胞发生凋亡及坏死(英文)

目的:研究硫芥诱导Hela细胞凋亡的作用,方法:生长在DMEM培养基中的Hela细胞与不同浓度的硫芥作用3小时,凋亡用电镜,电泳及流式术检测.结果:低浓度硫芥(I μmol·L~(-1))抑制细胞生长;较高浓度(1-100 μmol·L~(-1))使细胞主要在G_1期阻滞,发生典型的凋亡形态改变,提取细胞DNA进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳,出现“DNA Ladder”.流式术观察表明硫芥处理3小时后,细胞撤药培养12小时,凋亡率达33％,S期的细胞最敏感,硫芥1000 μmol-L~(-1)使Hela细胞发生明显的坏死,结论:硫芥诱导Hela细胞发生两种不同的损伤:坏死及凋亡,硫芥的细胞毒有浓度依赖性。     

Estrous cycle patterns of Sprague-Dawley rats during acute and chronic atrazine administration

An increased incidence or earlier onset of mammary tumors (MT) has been associated with lifetime feeding of atrazine, an agricultural herbicide, to Sprague-Dawley (SD) female rats. Because MT occur spontaneously in this strain, along with episodes of persistent estrus and acyclic estrogen secretion, it was proposed that atrazine may act to promote this process. SD female rats, 7 to 8 wks old, were administered atrazine while vaginal cytology was monitored. At 200 mg/kg/d by gavage, which clearly exceeded the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), the predominant early response was prolonged vaginal diestrus. Persistent estrous episodes were seen, but less commonly. When atrazine was added to the diet, there was likewise an initial appearance of prolonged diestrus at 400 ppm, but by 13 to 14 wks on test (20 to 21 wks of age), persistent estrus was predominant, rising to >50% of animals by 26 wks on test. Age-matched controls also displayed persistent estrus, but to a lesser degree. At 400 ppm atrazine for 6 mo, animals displayed vaginal estrus for a mean of 62.8% of all days, versus 47.3% in age-matched controls, and 20 to 25% in young animals. The 400 ppm dose also exceeded the MTD. Observed no-effect levels for estrous cycling and body weight change were 50 ppm. Significant effects on estrous cycling occurred only at levels previously associated with enhanced or premature MT formation, and suggest that the tumor response in aging SD female rats can be manipulated by factors controlling the internal estrogen milieu. Because atrazine has no intrinsic estrogenic activity, it is more likely that high-level dosing to a susceptible animal model alters control of ovulation and normal cycling. The requirement of excessive dosing levels, as well as differences in neuroendocrine senescence, makes a risk to human health from this mode of action essentially nonexistent.