Preserved cortical asymmetry despite thinner cortex in children and adolescents with prenatal alcohol exposure and associated conditions

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is associated with reduced overall brain volume. Although this has been reported consistently across studies, the status of cortical thickness after PAE is more variable. The cortex is asymmetric in typical controls, but it is unclear whether the left and right counter parts of the cortical gray matter are unevenly influenced in postpartum brain development after PAE. Brain MRI was acquired in a newly recruited sample of 157 participants (PAE: N = 78, 5.5–18.9 years, 40 females and controls: N = 79, 5.8–18.5 years, 44 females) across four Canadian sites in the NeuroDevNet project. The PAE group had other confounds such as psychiatric co‐morbidity, different living environment, and so on, not present in the control group. In agreement with previous studies, the volumes of all brain structures were reduced in PAE compared to controls, including gray and white matter of cerebrum and cerebellum, and all deep gray matter including the hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, caudate, putamen, and pallidum. The PAE group showed reductions in global and regional cortical thickness, while the pattern and degree of cortical thickness asymmetry were preserved in PAE participants with the greatest rightward asymmetry in the lateral parietal lobe and the greatest leftward asymmetry in the lateral frontal cortex. This persistent asymmetry reflects that the homologous left and right cortical regions followed typical relative developmental patterns in the PAE group despite being thinner bilaterally than controls. Hum Brain Mapp 39:72–88, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

经食道超声心动图用于坐位神经外科手术的临床研究

目的观察经食道超声心动图(TEE)对卵圆孔未闭(PFO)判断的准确性及坐位神经外科手术中利用TEE对静脉空气栓塞(VAE)和反常空气栓塞(PAE)监测的有效性。方法 8例拟行坐位神经外科手术的患者术前行经胸心脏超声心动图和TEE,无PFO者行坐位手术。术中TEE双维四腔心界面和心房上腔静脉界面监测VAE和PAE及卵圆孔状态和中心静脉导管尖端的位置,采用Grade分级法行VAE和PAE分级,术中持续行胸前多普勒超声(PCD)、有创动脉血压、中心静脉压(CVP)、呼气末二氧化碳分压(PetCO2)监测。结果术前心脏超声对比观察中TEE发现1例PFO。7例患者坐位手术中TEE监测到VAE者6例(85.7%);监测到PAE者2例(28.6%),Grade级别为1,其VAEGrade级别为3,其中1例发现卵圆孔重新开放导致PAE的发生,另1例主动脉PAE发生在右房VAE消失后的手术过程中;PCD有明确信号者5例(5/7),1例PCD信号可疑;血压明显下降发生在VAEGrade3级的2例患者中,PetCO2下降≥5mmHg者5例(71.4%),术中抽吸到空气栓子的患者5例。结论 TEE是术前筛选PFO更敏感的手段,TEE在坐位手术中可以定量监测VAE和PAE的性质和严重程度。TEE应作为神经外科坐位手术必要的监测手段。     

黄连、黄芩提取物对烫伤后感染铜绿假单胞菌的药效初步观察

目的:研究黄连、黄芩提取物对抗生素治疗大鼠皮肤创面铜绿假单胞菌感染疗效的影响.方法:蒸馏水煎煮法、醇提法分别获得黄连、黄芩提取物.10％TBAS皮肤烫伤后涂抹铜绿假单胞菌,建立大鼠皮肤感染模型,大体观察、镜下检查创面组织学变化,血培养进行微生物学检查.结果:黄连、黄芩提取物均可减少烫伤后感染铜绿假单胞菌大鼠的死亡率,黄...     

The in vivo and in vitro postantibiotic effect of aminoglycosides using a clinically isolated micro-organism

We reported a case of abscess in which Serratia marcescens was isolated as the causative organism. We measured the postantibiotic effect (PAE) of dibekacin (DKB) and gentamicin (GM) against S. marcescens and studied the relationship between the clinical effect and the PAE. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of DKB against S. marcescens was 6.25 μg/mL and the serum concentration 30 min after infusion of 100 mg DKB was 5.99 μg/mL. The abscess was cured by the administration of DKB every 12 h. The PAE in vivo was 2.5, 2.9 and 3.3 h when DKB was administered at 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, respectively. This PAE is one of the reasons that infection can be effectively treated with intermittent administration, even if the serum concentration is below the MIC.     

综合评估干预对老年前列腺动脉栓塞术患者的护理效果

【摘要】 目的 通过对老年前列腺动脉栓塞术患者护理措施的探索,以利于患者抑郁、焦虑情绪的改善和生活质量的提高。方法 选取我院51例住院动脉栓塞术的老年前列腺增生患者为研究对象,按入院治疗的时间先后顺序将其随机分为观察组26例、对照组25例。对照组患者给予常规对症治疗及护理措施。观察组患者在此基础上依据老年综合评估的结果给予综合护理干预,比较两组患者治疗依从性、护理满意度、生活质量及抑郁、焦虑情绪改善情况。结果 观察组患者干预后SDS及SAS评分降幅显著优于对照组(P＜0.05);观察组患者干预后生活质量、护理满意度及治疗依从性均优于对照组(P＜0.05)。结论 综合评估干预不仅可明显改善老年前列腺动脉栓塞术患者的抑郁和焦虑情绪,还可提高患者生活质量、治疗依从性和护理满意度,促进患者康复。     

Prostatic Artery Embolization for Control of Gross Hematuria in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Single-Center Retrospective Study in 20 Patients

PurposeTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of prostatic artery embolization (PAE) performed to treat gross hematuria secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Materials and MethodsBetween February 2014 and December 2017, 20 patients with gross hematuria secondary to BPH refractory to medical treatment underwent PAE in our institution. Technical success was defined as bilateral PAE. International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL), and clinical review were assessed before PAE and at 3 and 12 months after procedure. Short- and medium-term clinical successes were defined as resolution of gross hematuria with no recurrence at 3 and 12 months, respectively.ResultsTechnical success rate was 100%. No major adverse events were recorded. Minor complications included gluteal pain, nausea, and fever in 7 patients. At 3 months, there were improvements in IPSS (21.1 ± 6.6 to 9.8 ± 4.7, P < .001) and QoL (5.1 ± 1.7 to 2.4 ± 1.3, P < .001). At 12 months, there were improvements in IPSS (8.1 ± 2.5, P < .001) and QoL (2.1 ± 1.0, P < .001). At 3 months, recurrent hematuria was reported in 3 of 20 patients (85% short-term clinical success rate). One of the remaining 17 patients had developed recurrent hematuria by 12 months (80% medium-term clinical success rate).ConclusionsPAE is a safe and effective means of treating gross hematuria caused by BPH refractory to medical treatment. PAE offers a reasonable option for such patients who are not suitable for surgical therapy.     

Efficacy of Prostatic Artery Embolization for Catheter-Dependent Patients with Large Prostate Sizes and High Comorbidity Scores

Purpose

To evaluate efficacy and safety of prostate artery embolization (PAE) in urinary catheter–dependent patients with large prostate volumes and high comorbidity scores.

Safety and Efficacy of Prostatic Artery Chemoembolization for Prostate Cancer—Initial Experience

Purpose

To evaluate outcome of prostatic artery chemoembolization for patients with prostate cancer (PCa).

Comparison of Clinical Outcomes of Prostatic Artery Embolization with 50-μm Plus 100-μm Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Particles versus 100-μm PVA Particles Alone: A Prospective Randomized Trial

Purpose

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of prostatic artery embolization (PAE) using the combination of 50-μm and 100-μm polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles versus 100-μm PVA particles alone in the treatment of patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Once daily high dose tigecycline - pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic based dosing for optimal clinical effectiveness: dosing matters,revisited

Introduction: Tigecycline has emerged as first line therapy for serious systemic infections due to important pathogens (except P. aeruginosa and Proteus sp.), including multi-drug resistant (MDR) and Gram negative bacilli (GNB), including carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriae. Tigecycline has a ‘low resistance potential,’ is protective against C. difficile, and is often the only antibiotic effective against MDR GNB, e.g., Klebsiella sp.

Areas covered: Standard dose tigecycline therapy has been used for intra-abdominal infections, complicated skin/skin structure infections (cSSSIs), and CAP. Clinical experience with once daily high dose tigecycline (HDT), i.e., 200 – 400 mg (IV) x 1, then 100 – 200 mg (IV) q24 h, is reviewed. Optimal tigecycline efficacy is dependent on PK/PD based dosing. Suboptimal outcomes have been due to inappropriate use or suboptimal dosing.

Expert commentary: Tigecycline’s spectrum against nearly all important pathogens (including MSSA/MRSA, VSE/VRE, B. fragilis, C. difficile, MDR and GNB) assures tigecycline a critical place in the antibiotic armamentarium. Dosed optimally, HDT can be a cornerstone of antibiotic stewardship programs in preventing C. difficile, treating MDR GNB pathogens, and in preventing resistance. Properly used and optimally dosed, once daily HDT should be considered preferred therapy for severe systemic infections and those due to MDR GNB pathogens.