米索前列醇联合缩宫素预防和治疗产后出血的临床观察

目的探讨米索前列醇联合缩宫素预防和治疗产后出血临床疗效。方法选取我院2013年1月至2014年1月住院治疗产后出血患者80例,按照随机对照的原则,将患者分为两组,观察组和对照组,每组各40例,观察组给予米索前列醇与缩宫素联合治疗,而对照组仅给予缩宫素治疗,观察两组产后2 h、产后24 h出血量、产后出血发生率以及不良反应发生情况。结果观察组产后2 h、产后24 h出血量明显少于对照组,差异显著,具有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组产后出血发生率明显低于对照组,差异显著,具有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组均未发生不良反应。结论米索前列醇联合缩宫素预防和治疗产后出血效果显著,能够有效的降低产后出血量,具有临床应用价值。     

探讨卡前列甲酯在产后出血治疗中的临床效果

目的探讨卡前列甲酯(商品名:卡孕)在产后出血治疗中的临床效果和药物安全性。方法 84例单胎分娩产妇,根据治疗方法不同分为对照组及观察组,每组42例。对照组在胎儿娩出后应用缩宫素治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合卡前列甲酯治疗。比较两组第三产程时间、不良反应发生情况及产后2、24 h出血量。结果观察组产妇第三产程时间为(6.38±1.35)min,短于对照组的(9.68±1.68)min,差异有统计学意义(t=9.923, P=0.000<0.05)。观察组产妇产后2 h出血量为(156.84±23.65)ml、产后24 h出血量为(389.59±32.01)ml,均少于对照组的(196.25±25.11)、(458.48±50.12)ml,差异有统计学意义(t=7.404、7.507, P=0.000、0.000<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率对比差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.124,P=0.724>0.05)。结论产后出血采用缩宫素联合卡前列甲酯治疗可有效发挥促宫缩作用,减少产后出血量,且药物不良反应少,用药安全性高,值得临床推广应用。     

Endometrial expression of vasopressin, oxytocin and their receptors in patients with primary dysmenorrhoea and healthy volunteers at ovulation

OBJECTIVE: To investigate gene expressions for neurohypophyseal and ovarian hormones as well as their receptors in the endometrium of women with primary dysmenorrhoea and healthy subjects at ovulation. STUDY DESIGN: A group of eight women with moderate to severe dysmenorrhoea and eight healthy subjects were compared in parallel between 18 and 35 years of age, regularly menstruating, non-overweight and nulliparous. The study was performed at The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Lund, Sweden. Endometrial biopsies were taken around the time of ovulation, which was determined by repeated ultrasound examinations. Receptor and gene expressions for oxytocin and vasopressin in the tissue were measured. RESULTS: The gene expression for oxytocin receptor was significantly lower in dysmenorrhoic than in healthy women, in median 1.21 and 3.44 oxytocin-receptor/actin, respectively (p=0.048). The expressions for oxytocin peptide, vasopressin V1a receptor, oestrogen receptor alpha, beta and progesterone receptor did not differ between the two groups. Expression of vasopressin peptide was not detectable. CONCLUSION: A lower oxytocin receptor gene expression at mid-cycle could be involved in the aetiology of primary dysmenorrhoea. However, the importance of a paracrine effect of oxytocin and its receptor at ovulation warrants further investigation.     

催产素和血管升压素对兔远端结肠平滑肌收缩作用的比较

目的:研究催产素(OT)和血管升压素(VP)对家兔远端结肠收缩活动的影响。方法:将远端结肠纵、环行平滑肌置于盛有5ml、37℃的Krebs液,并含95%O2和5%CO2混合气体的灌流肌槽中孵育,观察OT和VP对平滑肌自发收缩活动的影响。结果:浓度为10、100nmol/L的OT抑制远端结肠纵行肌收缩幅度和收缩频率(P<0.05),0.1、1、10、100nmol/L的VP对远端结肠纵行肌条的收缩幅度无影响,但可明显抑制其收缩频率(P<0.05);OT和VP均可明显抑制远端结肠环行肌条的收缩幅度和收缩频率(P<0.05);浓度为1nmol/L的VP增加远端结肠环行肌静息张力(P<0.05)。结论:OT和VP可以抑制家兔远端结肠环行肌和纵行肌的自发收缩活动,但VP对远端结肠纵行肌收缩幅度的抑制作用不明显。     

两种浓度缩宫素在延期妊娠促宫颈成熟引产中检测胎儿纤连蛋白的意义

目的:对延期妊娠孕妇静脉滴注两种浓度缩宫素,并测试宫颈阴道分泌物中胎儿纤连蛋白(Fetal F ibronectin,FFN)的变化,比较两种浓度缩宫素促宫颈成熟的引产效果。方法:选择120例孕41~41+6周延期妊娠初产妇,随机分成两组,分别应用0.2%和0.5%缩宫素引产,观察两组宫颈B ishop评分、宫颈阴道分泌物FFN的变化并比较其引产效果。结果:两种浓度缩宫素促宫颈成熟率、FFN测试阳性率、分娩率及FFN阳性分娩率无明显统计学差异(P>0.05),对宫颈B ishop评分≥7分者,其促宫颈成熟率、分娩率及FFN测试阳性分娩率均高于同组≤6分者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其分娩率与FFN测试阳性结果呈一致性。结论:延期妊娠低浓度缩宫素引产效果可靠,宫颈阴道分泌物FFN测试阳性是宫颈成熟、分娩即将发动的标志。宫颈B ishop评分≤6分宜选用0.2%缩宫素促宫颈成熟,对于宫颈B ishop评分≥7分、FFN测试阳性孕妇,宜选用0.5%缩宫素促宫颈成熟引产。     

米索前列醇用于晚期妊娠引产随机对照研究

为探讨米索前列醇用于晚期妊娠引产的效果及安全性 ,采用随机对照研究的方法对 2 85例足月孕妇 (孕周 38～ 42 )进行观察研究 ,米索前列醇组 140例 ,用 2 5μg米索前列醇 (以下简称米索 )阴道后穹隆上药 ;对照组 145例 ,催产素静脉滴注引产。结果 :米索引产组 (实验组 )引产成功率 97.14% ,明显高于对照组 82 .75 % (P<0 .0 5 ) ;实验组诱导产兆时间及总产程的时间明显短于应用催产素的对照组 ,差异有统计学意义 (P<0 .0 1)。两组的胎儿、新生儿情况、产后出血、产道撕伤、产后感染均无显著性差异。结论 :2 5μg米索阴道用药用于晚期妊娠引产的方法简单、可靠、安全 ,值得推广。     

缩宫素联合欣母沛防治高危产妇剖宫产术后出血的疗效观察

目的 观察缩宫素联合欣母沛防治高危产妇剖宫产术后出血的疗效.方法 按入院先后顺序,将178例有产科剖宫产指征、具产后出血潜在因素的高危产妇随机分为观察组和对照组各89例.在胎儿娩出后,对照组给予静滴缩宫素20 U及宫体注射缩宫素20 U,如宫缩仍不佳,继续应用缩宫素20 U;而观察组给予静滴缩宫素20 U及宫体注射欣母沛250μg,如宫缩仍不佳则间隔15 min继续应用欣母沛250μg.比较两组术后2、24 h的出血量及产后出血的发生率.结果 产后2、24 h的出血量,观察组[（221.3±59.7）ml和（299.1±72.8）m1]明显低于对照组[（358.3±62.7）ml和（457.5±82.9）ml];产后出血发生率,观察组（19.1％）亦低于对照组（42.7％）,组间差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）.结论 具产后出血高危因素的剖宫产患者,应用静脉滴注缩宫素的同时宫体注射欣母沛,可预防和治疗产后出血,并具有快速、安全的特点,具有重要临床价值.     

脐静脉推注缩宫素联合舌下含化卡孕栓对剖宫产产后出血的疗效观察

目的探讨缩宫素联合卡孕栓对剖宫产产后出血的疗效。方法将剖宫产的180例产妇随机分为两组。观察组104例在胎儿娩出后脐静脉给缩宫素20 U,同时产妇含舌下化卡孕栓1 mg;对照组76例在胎儿娩出后均子宫体注射缩宫素10 U,同时产妇舌下含化卡孕栓1 mg。比较不同时段剖宫产产后出血量,所获数据采用方差分析、t检验和X2检验。结果子宫收缩效果、止血效果、术中、术后及总出血量比较P均<0.005。结论剖宫产术中脐静脉推注缩宫素联合舌下含化卡孕栓,预防剖宫产术后出血效果显著。     

Effects of intranasal oxytocin on pupil dilation indicate increased salience of socioaffective stimuli

To investigate the mechanisms by which oxytocin improves socioaffective processing, we measured behavioral and pupillometric data during a dynamic facial emotion recognition task. In a double‐blind between‐subjects design, 47 men received either 24 IU intranasal oxytocin (OXT) or a placebo (PLC). Participants in the OXT group recognized all facial expressions at lower intensity levels than did participants in the PLC group. Improved performance was accompanied by increased task‐related pupil dilation, indicating an increased recruitment of attentional resources. We also found increased pupil dilation during the processing of female compared with male faces. This gender‐specific stimulus effect diminished in the OXT group, in which pupil size specifically increased for male faces. Results suggest that improved emotion recognition after OXT treatment might be due to an intensified processing of stimuli that usually do not recruit much attention.     

Overexpression of chloride importer NKCC1 contributes to the sensory-affective and sociability phenotype of rats following neonatal maternal separation

BackgroundEarly life stress is known to affect the development of the nervous system and its function at a later age. It increases the risk to develop psychiatric disorders as well as chronic pain and its associated affective comorbidities across the lifespan. GABAergic inhibition is important for the regulation of central function and related behaviors, including nociception, anxiety or social interactions, and requires low intracellular chloride levels. Of particular interest, the oxytocinergic (OTergic) system exerts potent anxiolytic, analgesic and pro-social properties and is known to be involved in the regulation of chloride homeostasis and to be impaired following early life stress.MethodsWe used behavioral measures to evaluate anxiety, social interactions and pain responses in a rat model of neonatal maternal separation (NMS). Using quantitative PCR, we investigated whether NMS was associated with alterations in the expression of chloride transporters in the cerebrum and spinal cord. Finally, we evaluated the contribution of OTergic signaling and neuro-inflammatory processes in the observed phenotype.ResultsNMS animals displayed a long-lasting upregulation of chloride importer Na-K-Cl cotransporter type 1 (NKCC1) expression in the cerebrum and spinal cord. Neonatal administration of the NKCC1 inhibitor bumetanide or oxytocin successfully normalized the anxiety-like symptoms and the lack of social preference observed in NMS animals. Phenotypic alterations were associated with a pro-inflammatory state which could contribute to NKCC1 upregulation.ConclusionsThis work suggests that an impaired chloride homeostasis, linked to oxytocin signaling dysfunction and to neuro-inflammatory processes, could contribute to the sensori-affective phenotype following NMS.