2型糖尿病合并超重肥胖患者血清Irisin水平变化研究

背景 肥胖会导致胰岛素抵抗（IR）的发生进而引发2型糖尿病（T2DM）,严重影响人类健康。鸢尾素（irisin）是一种新发现的肌肉和脂肪因子,在代谢调控中具有重要作用,T2DM合并超重肥胖患者的血清irisin水平会出现何种变化值得研究。 目的 观察T2DM超重肥胖患者血清irisin水平情况,并探讨血清irisin水平变化的影响因素。 方法 选取2019年12月至2021年6月于安徽医科大学第一附属医院内分泌科住院治疗的T2DM患者119例,根据体质指数（BMI）分为糖尿病超重肥胖组（n=78）和糖尿病体质量正常组（n=41）。另选取同期于本院体检且BMI正常的健康者为对照组（n=52）。比较三组受试者一般资料、实验室检查指标及血清irisin水平,采用Spearman秩相关分析探究血清irisin水平与一般资料及实验室检查指标的相关性,采用多元线性回归分析探究血清irisin水平的影响因素。 结果 三组收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、BMI、三酰甘油（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、空腹血糖（FBG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、稳态胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。糖尿病体质量正常组血清irisin水平低于对照组,糖尿病超重肥胖组血清irisin水平低于对照组、糖尿病体质量正常组（P<0.05）。Spearman秩相关分析结果显示,血清irisin水平与HDL-C呈正相关（rs=0.304,P<0.05）,与SBP、DBP、BMI、TG、HbA1c、FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR呈负相关（rs值分别为-0.271、-0.420、-0.372、-0.164、-0.418、-0.348、-0.293、-0.348,P<0.05）。多元线性回归分析结果显示,DBP〔b=-0.049,P=0.011〕、HbA1c〔b=-0.156,P=0.009〕、FINS〔b=-0.21,P=0.038〕是血清irisin水平的影响因素。 结论 T2DM患者血清irisin水平较健康者明显降低,尤其是合并超重肥胖患者,且血清irisin水平与血压、BMI、血脂、血糖及IR等因素存在一定关系。     

A cross-sectional study on the prevalence rate and influencing factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in overweight/obese children北大核心CSCD

目的 调查医院就诊的超重/肥胖儿童非酒精性脂肪肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)的患病率,并探讨NAFLD发生的影响因素,为超重/肥胖儿童NAFLD的预防提供依据。方法 招募2019年6月-2021年9月在湖南省儿童医院就诊的超重/肥胖儿童作为研究对象,调查NAFLD患病率,并采用logistic回归分析探讨NAFLD,包括单纯性脂肪肝(non-alcoholic fatty liver,NAFL)和非酒精性脂肪肝炎(non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,NASH)发生的影响因素。采用受试者操作特征曲线分析评价影响因素对NAFL及NASH的预测价值。结果 共纳入844例超重/肥胖儿童,年龄为6~17岁。NAFLD患病率为38.2%(322/844),其中NAFL和NASH患病率分别为28.8%(243/844)和9.4%(79/844)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,腰臀比(waist-to-hip ratio,WHR)增加及低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症与NAFL和NASH的发生有关(P<0.05)。受试者操作特征曲线分析显示:WHR和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇联合检测预测NAFL的曲线下面积为0.653 (95%CI:0.613~0.694);二者联合检测预测NASH的曲线下面积为0.771 (95%CI:0.723~0.819)。结论 医院就诊的超重/肥胖儿童NAFLD的患病率较高;WHR和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与NAFLD的发生有关,二者联合检测对NAFLD的发生具有一定的预测价值。     

内蒙古自治区3~18岁儿童体格发育调查

  目的  调查内蒙古自治区3~18岁儿童的体格发育情况。  方法  在2017年10月—2018年10月期间,采用分层整群抽样的方法选取内蒙古自治区4盟市(呼和浩特市、包头市、通辽市、呼伦贝尔市)15 199名儿童为研究对象,收集身高、体重并计算体重指数;以2005年九市儿童体格发育调查数据为参考标准,计算超重、肥胖的检出率,并分析其特点。  结果  内蒙古自治区3~18岁男、女儿童均有2个身高增长高峰段,男童为3~4岁和11岁阶段;女童为4~5岁和10~11岁阶段;随年龄的增长体重增长无明显规律,青春期前后出现增幅单高峰,男、女儿童分别出现在15岁、10岁。各年龄段身高、体重均明显高于2005中国九市标准(均P＜0.001),其中6岁男童、13岁女童身高超过全国标准最明显;7岁男童、10岁女童体重高于全国标准最明显。超重的总检出率为12.31%,肥胖的总检出率为20.27%,其中男、女童超重检出率差异无统计学意义,分别为11.55%、13.10%(P=0.132);男童肥胖检出率显著高于女童,分别为22.67%、17.76%(P＜0.001)。  结论  内蒙古自治区3~18岁儿童体格发育状况良好,但超重、肥胖检出率高。建议相关部门重视儿童的体格发育,加强儿童健康管理,养成良好的生活习惯。      

Meeting 24-hour movement guidelines: Their relationships with overweight and obesity among Chinese children with autism spectrum disorder

BackgroundCanada's and Australia's 24-hour movement guidelines for children and youth provide daily recommendations for physical activity (PA), screen time (ST), and sleep for optimal health. Previous studies have examined the associations between meeting these 24-hour movement guidelines and overweight and obesity among children without disabilities. Less is known about potential associations between the 24-hour movement behaviors and the weight status of children with disabilities.Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine whether meeting movement behavior recommendations (i.e. ≥ 60 min of Moderate-to-vigorous activity [MVPA] per day, ≤ 2 h of recreational ST per day, and 9–11 h of sleep for those aged 5–13 years [or 8–10 h for children aged 14–17 years]), and combinations of these recommendations, are associated with overweight and obesity in Chinese children with ASD.MethodParticipants were 99 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) 7–17 years old recruited from one Chinese special school. MVPA and nightly sleep duration were measured using 24-hour wrist-worn accelerometer. ST was reported by parents by using reliable and valid items derived from the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (Chinese version). A series of binary logical regression analyses were performed for analysis.ResultsOnly 16.2% met all the three movement behavior recommendations. The proportions of children with ASD who met the recommendation for PA, ST, and sleep were 32.3%, 52.5%, and 65.7%, respectively. The children with ASD who met the MVPA (OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.15–0.94), MVPA + Sleep (OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.09–0.81), and all three 24-hour movement guidelines (OR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.03–0.77), had significantly lower odds ratios for overweight/obesity than those who did not meet the respective recommendations.ConclusionsMeeting the MVPA, MVPA + Sleep, and all three of the guidelines was associated with lower odds ratios for overweight and obesity in children with ASD, and MVPA was the single most important activity for weight control among this population. Therefore, meeting the 24-hour movement guidelines, especially the MVPA guideline should be considered an effective intervention and can inform the design of strategies and policies for the prevention of overweight and obesity in children with ASD.     

不同年龄段学生超重肥胖标准的比较

目的比较1985年,2000年身高标准、体质量标准和BMI标准在筛查中小学生超重和肥胖发生率上的差异,为选择科学的评价标准提供依据。方法用整群抽样的方法对山东省诸城市12个学校6¹5岁中小学生共28628人2011年体质健康调研数据进行营养评价,计算三种筛查标准的超重、肥胖检出率。结果 1985年标准、2000年标准和BMI标准筛查结果显示,男生超重检出率分别25.89%、22.64%和17.14%,肥胖检出率分别为15.10%、6.79%和17.83%;女生超重检出率分别为14.62%、15.46%和9.6%,肥胖检出率分别为14.24%,7.28%和12.06%。结论 1985年,2000年身高标准、体质量标准存在一定缺陷,而BMI标准具有现实性和前瞻性,使用简便,更直观。     

我国儿童青少年肥胖超质量的相关研究进展

我国儿童青少年肥胖增势迅猛,已成为严重的公共卫生问题,引起了社会各界的高度重视。本文通过对我国儿童青少年肥胖、超质量流行概况、评定标准进行介绍,阐述其发生原因及对健康的影响,并对此严峻形势的干预措施进行了综述。     

Attitudes,health lifestyle behaviors and cardiometabolic risk factors among relatives of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus

ObjectiveTo describe and compare attitudes, lifestyle behaviors, and cardiometabolic risk factors between individuals with and without a relative with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) living in the same household.MethodsA secondary analysis of baseline data from an implementation study in Peru was conducted. The outcomes were attitudes towards changing lifestyle behaviors (e.g. intentions towards losing weight, increasing physical activity, reducing salt consumption, etc), profiles of health lifestyle behaviors (e.g. daily smoking, heavy drinking, and physical activity), and cardiometabolic risk factors (e.g., overweight [body mass index ≥25 kg/m²] and hypertension); whereas the exposure was the presence of at least one relative with known diagnosis of T2DM living in the same household. Multilevel logistic mixed effect regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsA total of 2298 records, 1134 (49.4%) males, mean age 43.3 (SD: 17.2) years, were analyzed. There was no evidence of a difference in lifestyle-changing attitudes, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity levels, and hypertension between individuals with and without relatives with T2DM. Overweight was 63% more common among individuals having a relative with a T2DM in multivariable model (OR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.03–2.61).ConclusionsIndividuals with relatives with T2DM have higher probabilities of being overweight compared to those who did not have relatives with T2DM in the same household. The absence of differences on lifestyle-related attitudes and behaviors highlight the need of involving relatives of patients with T2DM on intervention strategies to further enhance diabetes prevention and management efforts.     

浙江省三地区人群血脂、血糖、体质指数与血压关系的分析

目的　探讨浙江省三地区自然人群血脂、血糖、体质指数与血压之间的关系。方法　对三地区 2 5～ 74岁自然人群进行血压、血脂、血糖和身高、体重的调查。结果　 ( 1)三地区高血压患病率为 2 5 .5 8% ,标化率 2 1.0 6 ,其中 :嘉兴 2 4 .91% ,绍兴 2 7.80 % ,丽水 2 4 .0 7% ,>5 5岁年龄组患病率显著高于≤ 5 5岁年龄组 ,差异有显著性 ( P<0 .0 5 )。( 2 )三地区人群血脂、血糖异常率和超重分别为 :高胆固醇 ( TC) 2 3.39% ,高甘油三酯 ( TG) 32 .72 % ,低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 ( HDL - C) 6 .81% ,高血糖 ( GL U ) 5 .73% ,体质指数 ( BMI)≥ 2 5为 2 2 .31%。( 3)高血糖、超重和高血脂人群中高血压患病率分别为 :5 3.6 2 %、39.70 %、36 .5 0 %、36 .18% ,明显高于血糖、血脂和体重正常的人群 ,血压与GL U、BMI、TG、TC水平呈正相关。结论　高血糖、超重、高血脂是高血压的主要危险因素 ,尤其以 >5 5岁龄组为显著。提示 :高血糖、超重、高血脂以及中、老年人群是社区高血压干预的重点对象。     

Dietary weight loss in insulin-resistant non-obese humans: Metabolic benefits and relationship to adipose cell size

Background and Aims

Overweight and obesity increase risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease, largely through development of insulin resistance. Benefits of dietary weight loss are documented for obese individuals with insulin resistance. Similar benefits have not been shown in overweight individuals. We sought to quantify whether dietary weight loss improves metabolic risk profile in overweight insulin-resistant individuals, and evaluated potential mediators between weight loss and metabolic response.