Advanced parental age is an independent risk factor for term low birth weight and macrosomia

We aimed to investigate association between parental age and the risks of term low birth weight and macrosomia.This was a retrospective cohort study using a national database including 2,245,785 term singleton live births with complete parental age data. Old parental age was defined as 35 years or older. Odd ratios (OR) for term low birth weight and macrosomia were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.Neonatal sex, maternal occupation, parity, nationality, age, and paternal age were significant factors of term low birth weight and macrosomia, in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, old maternal age (≥35 years old) showed increased odds of term low birth weight and macrosomia (aOR = 1.122, 95% CI: 1.083 –1.162; and aOR = 1.166, 95% CI: 1.143 – 1.189, respectively). Similarly, old paternal age (≥35 years old) showed increased odds of term low birth weight and macrosomia (aOR = 1.090, 95% CI: 1.058 –1.122; and aOR = 1.101, 95% CI: 1.083 – 1.119, respectively). Maternal education that lasted more than 12 years had reduced odds of term low birth weight and macrosomia (OR = 0.817, 95% CI: 0.792 –0.842; and OR = 0.894, 95% CI: 0.879 – 0.91, respectively). Paternal education that lasted more than 12 years also had reduced odds of term low birth weight and macrosomia (OR = 0.865, 95% CI: 0.84 –0.892; and OR = 0.897, 95% CI: 0.881 – 0.913, respectively).This study suggests that not only maternal age but also paternal age are significantly associated with term low birth weight and macrosomia. In addition, parental education levels are also associated with term low birth weight and macrosomia.     

应用超声影像技术预测胎儿体重的综述

随着超声影像技术的发展,超声检查成为预测胎儿体重的重要手段。国内外学者用多元回归的方法提出了许多图表和公式。人工神经网络是以神经的结构和生理为基础模拟人类思维的计算机人工智能技术。对复杂的、非线性信息处理有其独特的优势。在预测胎儿体重这一领域,人工神经网络的方法比传统的回归分析法有着更大的优势。     

胎儿出生体质量的MRI预测及其临床应用

产前预测胎儿出生体质量可评价胎儿宫内生长发育,指导分娩方式。MRI能清楚显示胎儿解剖结构和异常情况,通过测量胎儿体积（FBV）可以计算获得胎儿体质量预测值（EFW）,有助于高危儿的诊断和监测。综述MRI预测胎儿体质量的扫描技术、FBV的测量方法及EFW的计算方法,介绍其在识别大于胎龄儿及小于胎龄儿、高危产妇（糖尿病妊娠以及双胎妊娠）中的应用,展望MRI产前预测胎儿出生体质量的临床应用。     

Management of Obesity in Adults with CKD

Obesity is a leading public health problem that currently affects over 650 million individuals worldwide. Although interest in the adverse effects of obesity has grown exponentially in recent years, less attention has been given to studying its management in individuals with CKD. This relatively unexplored area should be considered a high priority because of the rapid growth and high prevalence of obesity in the CKD population, its broad impact on health and outcomes, and its modifiable nature. This article begins to lay the groundwork in this field by providing a comprehensive overview that critically evaluates the available evidence related to obesity and kidney disease, identifies important gaps in our knowledge base, and integrates recent insights in the pathophysiology of obesity to help provide a way forward in establishing guidelines as a basis for managing obesity in CKD. Finally, the article includes a kidney-centric algorithm for management of obesity that can be used in clinical practice.     

产前筛查中位数和体重修正结果的临床意义

目的 探索合肥妇幼保健院产前筛查实验室中位数修正和体重修正结果.方法 在合肥市妇幼保健院参加产前筛查且孕周为14～20+6周的孕妇.选择甲胎蛋白、游离人绒毛膜促性腺激素作为血清标志物,采用时间分辨技术,统计中位数和体重中位数并分析结果.结果 2T-Risk软件计算阳性率为2.76%,换用中位数后筛查阳性率为5.03%,...     

Sulfate Freeze–Thaw Resistance of Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement Mortar

Concrete facilities in the severe-cold areas of western China (salt lake environments and heavy saline soils) are seriously damaged by the multiple corrosion effects of freeze–thaw cycles and sulfate corrosion. Magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) cement-based material has become an ideal concrete structural component because of its superior performance. Because concrete structural repair materials are used in heavy-corrosion environments, their durability in those environments should also be considered. Regarding the salt-freezing resistance of MPC, the existing studies have all used a NaCl solution as the heat transfer medium. In addition to chlorine salt, sulfate, especially Na₂SO₄, is also common in typical use environments such as oceans, salt lakes, and groundwater. To evaluate the sulfate freeze–thaw resistance of potassium magnesium phosphate cement (MKPC) mortar, in this study the strength development, weight loss, and water absorption of MKPC mortar specimens subjected to different freeze–thaw cycles were tested and compared with those for Portland cement (P.O) mortar specimens of the same strength grade. The results showed that the P.O mortar specimen completely lost its strength after 75 cycles of rapid water freezing and thawing and 50 cycles of sodium sulfate solution (5%) freezing and thawing. However, the residual strength rating of the MKPC mortar specimen after 75 cycles of water freezing and thawing and 100 cycles of sodium sulfate solution freezing and thawing was higher than 75%. After 50 rapid freeze–thaw cycles in water and a 5% Na₂SO₄ solution, the P.O mortar specimen’s mass loss exceeded the 5% failure standard, whereas the mass loss of the MKPC mortar specimens was much less than 5%. Before the freeze–thaw cycles, the water absorption of the P.O mortar specimen was close to 8 times that of the MKPC mortar specimen, and after 50 water freeze–thaw cycles and 25 sulfate solution freeze–thaw cycles, the water absorption reached 4.88% and 5.68%, respectively. However, after 225 freeze–thaw cycles in water and the sulfate solution, the water absorption rates of MKPC mortar specimens were 2.91% and 2.51% respectively. The test and analysis results show that the freeze–thaw resistance of MKPC mortar was much higher than that of Portland cement mortar specimens. Those results provide a prerequisite for applying and expanding the use of MKPC-based materials in severe-cold areas of western China (salt lake and heavily saline soil environments).     

The Effectiveness of a Combined Healthy Eating,Physical Activity,and Sleep Hygiene Lifestyle Intervention on Health and Fitness of Overweight Airline Pilots: A Controlled Trial

(1) Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a three-component nutrition, sleep, and physical activity (PA) program on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and health behaviors in overweight airline pilots. (2) Methods: A parallel group study was conducted amongst 125 airline pilots. The intervention group participated in a 16-week personalized healthy eating, sleep hygiene, and PA program. Outcome measures of objective health (maximal oxygen consumption (VO_2max), body mass, skinfolds, girths, blood pressure, resting heart rate, push-ups, plank hold) and self-reported health (weekly PA, sleep quality and duration, fruit and vegetable intake, and self-rated health) were collected at baseline and post-intervention. The wait-list control completed the same assessments. (3) Results: Significant group main effects in favor of the intervention group were found for all outcome measures (p < 0.001) except for weekly walking (p = 0.163). All objective health measures significantly improved in the intervention group when compared to the control group (p < 0.001, d = 0.41–1.04). Self-report measures (moderate-to-vigorous PA, sleep quality and duration, fruit and vegetable intake, and self-rated health) significantly increased in the intervention group when compared to the control group (p < 0.001, d = 1.00–2.69). (4) Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that a personalized 16-week healthy eating, PA, and sleep hygiene intervention can elicit significant short-term improvements in physical and mental health outcomes among overweight airline pilots. Further research is required to examine whether the observed effects are maintained longitudinally.     

Oxidation Behavior Characterization of Zircaloy-4 Cladding with Different Hydrogen Concentrations at 500–800 °C in an Ambient Atmosphere

This study simulated the after-burned zirconium cladding oxidation in air at temperatures between 500 and 800 °C. The weight changes of Zircaloy-4 cladding with hydrogen contents of 100–1000 ppm continuously measured through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) during oxidation tests at different temperatures in an air atmosphere. The TGA results indicate a transition of oxidation kinetics from a parabolic rate law to a linear rate law for as-received and hydrided Zircaloy-4 cladding. The hydrogen concentration of Zircaloy-4 had a marked effect on its pre-transition oxidation in air between 500 and 800 °C. For all samples, the linear oxidation (post transition stage) at 650 °C, which is the critical oxidation temperature, displays a similar trend. In addition, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron micros-copy examinations indicated the presence of a few and numerous discontinuous micro-cracks in the oxide layer in the pre-transition and post-transition stages, respectively.     

体重体成分与骨密度的关系

为了研究体成分与骨密度（ＢＭＤ）之间的关系，因体重与ＢＭＤ显著相关，体成分各个组成相加等于体重，而体成分与ＢＭＤ的关系仍不清楚。方法随机选取２０６名１６～５２岁健康的男女性汉族人，用双能Ｘ射线吸收法（ＤＸＡ）测量ＢＭＤ与体成分，进行ＢＭＤ与体重，体成分的多元线性回归分析。结果体重，瘦组织（ＬＴＭ）与男女性的ＢＭＤ显著正相关，脂肪组织（ＦＴＭ）仅对女性全身，腰椎ＢＭＤ起显著性作用。结论影响男女性ＢＭＤ的体成分中，ＬＴＭ是主要因素，ＦＴＭ仅对女性ＢＭＤ有影响。本文较全面地研究了体成分与ＢＭＤ的关系。     

Impact of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding on type 2 diabetes

Bariatric surgery is becoming an accepted option for obese people with type 2 diabetes. Our aim was to assess the impact of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) through a systematic review of the literature. Data was sourced from Scopus, MEDLINE and EMBASE published from 2000 through May 2011, and five unpublished studies that were performed by industry for regulatory approval were also included. Studies were selected on the basis that they provide some detail of diabetes status before and after LAGB. There were 35 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. There was considerable heterogeneity in study design, sample size, length of follow‐up, attrition rates and classification of diabetes status. Weight loss was progressive over the first 2 years with a weighted average of 47% excess weight loss at 2 years. Remission or improvement in diabetes varied from 53% to 70% over different time periods. Results were broadly consistent, demonstrating clinically relevant improvements in diabetes outcomes with sustained weight loss in obese people with type 2 diabetes following LAGB surgery. However, there were significant shortcomings in the reviewed literature with few high‐quality studies, inconsistent reporting of diabetes outcomes and high attrition rates. Long‐term studies that address these limitations are needed.