Variation in Downstream Relative Costs Associated With Incidental Ovarian Cysts on Ultrasound

PurposeTo explore variation in downstream relative costs associated with ovarian cysts incidentally detected on ultrasound.MethodsFor 200 consecutive incidental ovarian cysts on ultrasound, ultrasound reports were classified in terms of presence of a radiologist recommendation for additional imaging. All downstream events (imaging, office visits, and surgery) associated with the cysts were identified from the electronic health record. Medical costs associated with these downstream events were estimated using national Medicare rates. Average cost per cyst was stratified by various factors; cost ratios were computed among subgroups.ResultsAverage costs per cyst were 1.9 times greater in postmenopausal than premenopausal women. Relative to when follow-up imaging was neither recommended nor obtained, costs were 1.1 times greater when follow-up imaging was recommended but not obtained, 5.1 times greater when follow-up imaging was both recommended and obtained, and 8.1 times greater when follow-up imaging was obtained despite not being recommended. Costs were 2.5 times greater when the radiologist underrecommended follow-up compared with Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound (SRU) guidelines for management of ovarian cysts, 3.0 times greater when the ordering physician overmanaged compared with the radiologist’s recommendation, as well as 1.7 times and 3.8 times greater when the ordering physician undermanaged and overmanaged compared with SRU guidelines, respectively. Four ovarian neoplasms, although no ovarian malignancy, were diagnosed in the cohort.ConclusionFollow-up costs for incidental ovarian cysts are highly variable based on a range of factors. Radiologist recommendations may contribute to lower costs among patients receiving follow-up imaging. Such recommendations should reflect best practices and support the follow-up that will be of likely greatest value for patient care.     

MR全身扩散加权成像探查小儿恶性肿瘤原发部位及转移灶的研究

目的 评价MR全身扩散加权成像(WB-DWI)探查小儿恶性肿瘤原发部位及转移灶的价值.方法 回顾性分析行WB-DWI检查的62名健康体检儿及经CT、MRI及临床均确诊为恶性肿瘤的40例患儿资料.正常组按年龄分为0～12个月、12个月以上至5岁及5岁以上3组,分析正常组WB-DWI图像特点,并采用McNemar检验比较WB-DWI与WB-DWI结合MRI、CT两种方法对转移瘤的检出情况;采用配对t检验比较肿瘤组原发灶及转移灶与正常对照组对应部位ADC值的差异.结果 WB-DWI图显示正常组小儿干骺端信号随年龄增加逐渐减低.WB-DWI检测原发灶的敏感度为100%(40/40),对全身转移灶诊断敏感度为89.2%(58/65),阳性预测值为90.6%(58/64);WB-DWI结合MRI、CT对全身转移灶诊断的敏感度为95.4%(62/65),阳性预测值为95.4%(62/65),两方法间诊断的敏感度差异无统计学意义(x2=2.25,P＞0.05).脑(5例)、肝(6例)、肾(8例)、肾上腺(11例)部位的原发肿瘤ADC值分别为(0.76±0.19)×10-3、(0.97±0.29)×10-3、(0.81±0.12)×10-3和(0.93±0.28)×10-3mm2/s,正常对照组对应部位ADC值分别为(1.02±0.11)×10-3、(1.57±0.58)×10-3、(1.19±0.15)×10-3和(2.03±0.42)×10-3mm2/s,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为3.54、3.84、7.02和12.57,P值均＜0.05).脑(9例)、肝(13例)、肾(17例)、骨(7例)和淋巴结(6例)部位转移灶ADC值分别为(0.88±0.12)×10-3、(0.98±0.10)×10-3、(0.89±0.11)×10-3、(0.96±0.15)×10-3和(0.83±0.14)×10-3mm2/s,正常对照组对应部位ADC值分别为(1.01±0.09)×10-3、(1.45±0.39)×10-3、(1.31±0.27)×10-3、(1.34±0.20)×10-3和(0.99±0.08)×10-3mm2/s,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为4.09、45.50、6.95、14.00和9.27,P值均＜0.05).结论 正常婴幼儿WB-DWI图像的四肢长管状骨干骺端多呈高信号;WB-DWI适用于探查小儿恶性肿瘤原发及转移灶,具有较高的敏感度,与常规CT、MRI结合有提高敏感度的趋势.     

Rapid synthesis and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of folic acid derivatives labeled with fluorine-18 for PET imaging of folate receptor-positive tumors

In an attempt to visualize folate receptors that overexpress on many cancers, [¹⁸F]-fluorobenzene and pyridinecarbohydrazide-folate/methotrexate conjugates ([¹⁸F]-1, [¹⁸F]-2-folates and [¹⁸F]-8, [¹⁸F]-9-MTXs) were synthesized by the nucleophilic displacement reactions using ethyl-trimethylammonium-benzoate and pyridinecarboxylate precursors. The intermediates ethyl [¹⁸F]-fluorinated benzene and pyridine esters were reacted with hydrazine to produce the [¹⁸F]-fluorobenzene and pyridinecarbohydrazides, followed by coupling with N-hydroxysuccinimide-folate/MTX. Radiochemical yields were greater than 80% (decay corrected), with total synthesis time of less than 45 min. Radiochemical purities were always greater than 97% without high-performance liquid chromatography purification. These synthetic approaches hold considerable promise as rapid and simple method for the radiofluorination of folate derivatives with high radiochemical yield in short synthesis time. In vitro tests on KB cell line showed that significant amount of the radioconjugates were associated with cell fractions, and in vivo characterization in normal Balb/c mice revealed rapid blood clearance of these radioconjugates with excretion predominantly by the urinary and partially by the hepatobiliary systems. Biodistribution studies in nude mice bearing human KB cell line xenografts demonstrated significant tumor uptake and favorable biodistribution profile for [¹⁸F]-2-folate over the other conjugates. The uptake in the tumors was blocked by excess coinjection of folic acid, suggesting a receptor-mediated process. Micro-positron emission tomography images of nude mice bearing human KB cell line xenografts confirmed these observations. These results demonstrate that [¹⁸F]-2-folate may be useful as molecular probe for detecting and staging of folate receptor-positive cancers, such as ovarian cancer and their metastasis as well as monitoring tumor response to treatment.     

18F-FDG和18F-FLT PET对肿瘤放化疗疗效评价的实验研究

PET可从分子水平观察细胞生物学行为。目前,临床上最常用的葡萄糖代谢显像剂是18F-FDG,而最常用的细胞增殖显像剂是3’-脱氧-3’-18F-氟胸腺嘧啶(18F-FLT)。这两种显像剂在肿瘤的诊断和分期方面已有深入广泛的研究,而在治疗后疗效评价方面的研究近年也很受重视,特别是肿瘤在放化疗前后对18F-FDG和18F-...     

MRI在预测食管癌放化疗治疗反应及疗效评估中的应用研究

目的 探讨磁共振弥散加权成像（MR-DWI）表观弥散系数（ADC值）在食管癌放化疗疗效判断及预后评估中的应用价值。方法 前瞻性入组2010年3月至2013年9月收治的食管癌患者100例,放疗前后均行MR-DWI检查。Kaplan-Meier并Logrank法计算生存率,Cox法多因素预后分析。结果 完全缓解（CR）组放疗前、放疗后ADC值均高于部分缓解（PR）组,差异有统计学意义（z=-3.010、-3.689,P<0.05）。肿瘤区域放疗前低ADC值组（≤1.60×10^-3mm²/s）和高ADC值组（>1.60×10^-3mm²/s）1、3、5年生存率分别为58.2%、21.9%、10.9%和73.3%、50.6%、39.2%（χ²=9.879,P<0.05）。肿瘤区域放疗后低ADC值组（≤2.50×10^-3mm²/s）和放疗后高ADC值组（>2.50×10^-3mm²/s）的1、3、5年生存率分别为52.2%、23.6%、14.2%和75.9%、44.1%、32.4%（χ²=5.455,P<0.05）。将放疗前低和高ADC值组按ΔADC大小分为4组,疗前高ADC值组ADC值上升较好,其生存情况最优,而疗前低ADC值组ADC值上升不佳,其预后最差,其他两组生存情况有交叉（χ²=13.096,P<0.05）。多因素Cox模型分析显示放疗前ADC分组为预后独立因素。结论 MR-DWI ADC值能有效预测食管癌治疗反应和预后。     

STAT3与辐射敏感相关性的研究进展

放疗是肿瘤治疗的主要方法之一, 但肿瘤的辐射抵抗是影响放疗疗效的一个重要原因。信号转导和转录激活因子3(STAT3)是STAT家族的重要成员, 与肿瘤的发生、发展紧密相关。电离辐射可以对STAT3的表达水平产生影响, 同时STAT3的表达水平也可反作用于细胞, 通过对肿瘤细胞DNA损伤、自噬、凋亡、增殖、血管生成、迁移、侵袭、免疫抑制等的调节影响其辐射敏感性, 这预示着以STAT3为突破口的辐射敏感性研究将会为肿瘤临床治疗提供新策略。     

99Tcm-MDP骨显像胸部异常放射性摄取的原因分析

在99Tcm-MDP骨显像时除全身正常组织及病变骨组织显影外,骨外组织也常不同程度地摄取显像剂而显影,尤以胸部软组织最为常见。研究胸部骨与骨外组织摄取显像剂显像的不同原因,分析其可能蕴含的病变信息,给临床诊疗提供必要的帮助。笔者就近年来有关这方面国内外的研究进行综述。     

卵巢肿瘤供血动脉的多层螺旋CT血管成像研究

目的:探讨卵巢肿瘤供血动脉在多层螺旋CT血管造影(MSCTA)中的显影特点。方法:搜集卵巢肿瘤行腹盆部CT增强扫描患者104例122侧(原发肿瘤72例79侧,转移肿瘤32例43侧),根据肿瘤直径大小进行分组,A组≤4.0cm(28侧),B组3～5cm(50侧),C组≥5.0cm(44侧),采用容积再现(VR)血管生长技术(AV)进行肿瘤供血动脉重建,分析原发性与转移性、不同直径肿瘤的供血动脉显影特点。结果:122侧卵巢肿瘤总的供血动脉显影率为89.3%(109/122)。79侧原发性和43侧转移性卵巢肿瘤供血动脉显影率分别为88.6%(70/79)、90.7%(39/43),两者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),OA、OB显影率分别为77.9%(95/122)、53.3%(65/122),两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),A组、B组、C组中,OA显影率分别为53.6%、80.0%、90.9%,OB显影率分别为28.6%、38.0%、86.4%。结论:MSCTA能清楚显示原发性和转移性卵巢肿瘤的供血动脉及其特点,随着肿瘤增大,供血动脉显影率逐渐增高。     

磁共振弹性成像技术在肿瘤中的应用及研究进展

肿瘤组织的硬度与肿瘤的发展、浸润、远处转移、放化疗抵抗以及手术方式的选择密切相关,因此准确评估肿瘤组织硬度对于肿瘤的诊断、手术方式的选择及预后评估具有重要意义。磁共振弹性成像是通过机械波定量测量组织弹性剪切力的动态成像方法。磁共振弹性成像作为一种非侵入性的技术可以定量分析在体组织的机械性能（硬度）。它是传统触诊机械化、定量化的一种手段,不仅客观且分辨率高,又不受诊断部位的限制,因此具有良好的研究和应用前景。笔者将综述目前磁共振弹性成像的原理以及其在乳腺、前列腺、脑、肝脏及胰腺等肿瘤中的应用和研究进展。     

动态增强MRI时间信号强度曲线在卵巢良恶性肿瘤鉴别中的价值

目的探讨动态增强MRI时间信号强度曲线(TIC)鉴别卵巢肿瘤良恶性的价值。方法收集2016年1月—2017年8月间于我院超声检查发现盆腔附件肿块的71例女性病人,年龄14～78岁,中位年龄52岁。所有病人行MRI常规及动态增强检查后经手术获得病理结果。利用工作站在肿块实性区和正常子宫外肌层设置兴趣区获取TIC,以子宫外肌层强化曲线为基准,对卵巢肿块实性区的TIC类型进行校正,分析曲线类型与良恶性卵巢肿瘤的关系。采用χ~2检验比较良恶性肿瘤间3种TIC类型差异。结果 71例病人中包括卵巢恶性肿瘤40例,良性肿瘤26例,交界性肿瘤5例。上述3种肿瘤的TIC类型的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。良性肿瘤以Ⅰ型TIC为主(73.1%),恶性肿瘤以Ⅲ型TIC为主(77.5%)。MRI+TIC鉴别肿瘤良恶性的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值较单独常规MRI检查各指标均有不同程度提高。结论动态增强MRI及其TIC对卵巢良恶性肿瘤具有重要的鉴别诊断价值。