Cranial floor fracture: A growing orbital roof fracture with encephalocele – Case Report

Orbital roof fractures are among the rarest of craniofacial fractures. The mechanism of injury is typically a high-impact blunt force vector directly to the orbit or forehead. Most patients are males between 20 and 40 years old, involved in motor vehicle accidents. Although most orbital roof fractures are managed conservatively, there is a significant risk of ophthalmologic and neurologic complications. Detailed craniofacial examination and high-resolution CT imaging is necessary for diagnosis. A multidisciplinary team approach is required for these challenging fractures.     

Spontaneous compressive orbital emphysema of rhinogenic origin

We report the case of a young patient who developed spontaneous compressive orbital emphysema after an attack of coughing. At admission the patient presented left proptosis, diplopia, vision impairment and headache. Computer tomography showed air in the lateral part of left orbit compressing the eyeball and the optic nerve medially. It also revealed a sphenoid bone dysplasia with hyperpneumatization of the left greater wing and with two dehiscences in its wall. It was very intriguing to discover that this sphenoid dysplasia and the flap of mucosa covering one dehiscence were causing a ball-valve effect, allowing air to enter but not leave the orbit. Endoscopic sinus surgery was successfully used to treat this case. Received: 3 April 2000 / Accepted: 5 September 2000     

鼻内窥镜下经筛窦行眶内壁骨折整复术

探讨应用鼻内窥镜下经筛窦行眶内壁折整复术。方法前鼻孔入路,内窥镜观察下将嵌入筛房的眶脂肪及内直肌还纳回眶内,硅胶板修补充填孔洞。结果１６例患者,平均术后观察８个月,复视消失,眼球内陷矫正,无硅胶排异。结论内窥镜下经筛窦行眶内壁骨折整复术,具有无皮肤瘢痕,手术损伤小,并发症少,且手术安全可靠。     

Regionally selective effects of intracerebral dopamine infusion on sensorimotor gating of the startle reflex in rats

Systemic administration of dopamine (DA) agonists markedly disrupts sensorimotor gating in rats as measured by prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response. A qualitatively similar, but quantitatively weaker disruption of PPI follows DA infusion into the nucleus accumbens (NAC). The present study was designed to determine whether forebrain DA terminal fields other than the NAC contribute to the DAergic modulation of PPI. PPI was impaired significantly after infusion of DA (0–40 µg) into the NAC or anteromedial striatum, but not after DA infusion into the orbital cortex or posterolateral striatum. DA infusion into the amygdala also disrupted PPI, but this disruption was accompanied by a dose-dependent decrease in startle amplitude. These results suggest that DA overactivity in the both NAC and anteromedial striatum contribute to the gating-disruptive effects of systemically administered DA agonists, and that DA overactivity in mesocortical, mesoamygdaloid and non-limbic mesostriatal DA systems are not major substrates for a DAergic modulation of PPI.     

压迫降压对球后阻滞麻醉后的间接眶压和眼压的影响

目的 研究球后阻滞麻醉后使用袖带压迫降压法对间接眶压和眼压的影响。方法 将40例40只白内障手术眼随机分成两组：一组在球后阻滞麻醉后使用袖带加压4．0kPa(30mmHg)，持续10分钟；另一组则不使用任何降压法。分别测量麻醉前、麻醉后即刻、麻醉后10、15、20和30分钟的间接眶压和眼压值，做对比分析。结果 球后阻滞麻醉后两组术眼的间接眶压和眼压均较麻醉前升高，采用袖带压迫降压法后间接眶压和眼压均显著降低，其升高幅度和持续时间均小于对照组。结论 在球后阻滞麻醉后采用袖带压迫降压法可以降低间接眶压及眼压的升高幅度并减少其持续时间，增加手术安全性。     

多孔义眼台植入手术围手术期用药的探讨

目的 探讨多孔义眼台植入手术的围手术期用药管理。方法 对116例患者(116眼)围手术期规范用药后，观察1个月。结果 仅1例凝血因子Ⅶ缺乏的患者出现重度出血和水肿，眼台取出；余均未发生术后严重的反应和并发症。结论 围手术期药物的合理使用可以有效地减轻手术的反应，减少手术的并发症。     

A new modification of the individually designed polymer implant visible in X-ray for orbital reconstruction

Orbital reconstruction makes higher demands on symmetry and axial precision than other parts of the skull, because the position of the eye globe determines proper vision. The aim of this study is to evaluate titanium surface marking of polymers (UHMW-PE and PA6) to check implants position in CT examination and clinical application of such modified individual implant.One hundred and twenty-four polymer blocks were prepared. New method of ultrasounds welding to connect the titanium markers to the polymer surface was developed and tested. Titanium marked polymer blocks were examined by CT to evaluate the quality of the cover. Then, two modified UHMW-PE individual implants were applied clinically and implant position was checked by CT.The biggest titanium cover was in PA6 [25 ± 18% of processed surface] and for UHMW-PE [19 ± 12%] without significance [p = 0.14]. Both covers were visible in CT. Clinical application revealed proper reconstruction, uneventful post-operational outcome and well visible surface of the implants in CT.The conducted tests make it possible to determine the suitability of ultrasonic technology for the deposition of titanium markers in polymer. The clinical use of modified individual implants allows to confirm the correct position of the implants because they are accurate visible in CT.