Nurse’ prediction prevention and management on post-operative delirium in geriatric patients with hip fracture: The development of a protocol to guide care

BackgroundA high prevalence for the development of delirium after hip fracture was found in the group of geriatric patients. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence has introduced a guideline for the management delirium (NICE, 2010). Protocols composed of detection, prevention and management of post-operative delirium required some adaptation to meet the needs of local nurses.AimA protocol with a nursing care plan referenced from an international guideline and other literature was developed to predict, prevent and manage post-operative delirium for geriatric patients with hip fracture.MethodsThe literature suggests numerous risk factors are associated with post-operative delirium and its preventive interventions were adopted to develop the protocol and nursing care plan.FindingsSix major risk categories included mental and behavioural influence, sensory impairment, physiological influence, immobility influence, electrolyte disturbance and infection influence. These were used for screening patients, accompanied by various preventive interventions. A protocol was developed to strive for the best management of geriatric patients receiving hip fracture surgery from admission to discharge.ConclusionsThe protocol incorporated with the Risk Assessment for Management of Postoperative delirium (RAMP) care plan was adapted for staff to implement in their local clinical area. Further study is required to determine its effectiveness on the prevention of the development of post operative delirium (POD) in the future.     

生活垃圾处置计划量执行指数设计初探

以上海市典型区域为例，通过生活垃圾处置量季节指数，模拟该区域生活垃圾处置量变化趋势，应用季节指数、生活垃圾处置量实际月均值预测当年生活垃圾处置量均值，并根据预测结果设计生活垃圾计划量执行指数。     

Visualizing changes in physical activity behavioral patterns after redesigning urban infrastructure

The aim of this study was to explore effects of a major urban reconstruction on physical activity (PA) behavior by comparing PA intensity hotspots before and after the tunneling of a highway with a new infrastructure prioritized for walking and cycling. In total, 126 individuals participated before and after the tunneling. GPS loggers and accelerometers were used to assess location and PA levels. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to perform optimized hotspot analyses on PA data, both on transport and stationary data points. The results showed several changes in PA hotspots on trip data, even if total PA levels did not change. At follow-up, PA intensity hotspots were more connected, with the new infrastructure as a central connection. This was true for higher and lower educated individuals. Therefore, if changes in the built environment do not result in changes on population-level outcomes, this does not imply that they have no impact on behavior.     

Plan responses to diagnosis-based payment: Evidence from Germany’s morbidity-based risk adjustment

Many competitive health insurance markets adjust payments to participating health plans according to their enrollees’ risk − including based on diagnostic information. We investigate responses of German health plans to the introduction of morbidity-based risk adjustment in the Statutory Health Insurance in 2009, which triggers payments based on “validated” diagnoses by providers. Using the regulator’s data from office-based physicians, we estimate a difference-in-difference analysis of the change in the share and number of validated diagnoses for ICD codes that are inside or outside the risk adjustment but are otherwise similar. We find a differential increase in the share of validated diagnoses of 2.6 and 3.6 percentage points (3–4%) between 2008 and 2013. This increase appears to originate from both a shift from not-validated toward validated diagnoses and an increase in the number of such diagnoses. Overall, our results indicate that plans were successful in influencing physicians’ coding practices in a way that could lead to higher payments.     

Targeted eco-pharmacovigilance as an optimized management strategy for adverse effects of pharmaceuticals in the environment

From a perspective of drug administration, eco-pharmacovigilance (EPV) has been proposed as a new approach to prevent the environmental risks posed by pharmaceutical emerging contaminants. However, it is impracticable to practice unitary and rigor EPV process for all the pharmaceutical substances with complex and diversified chemical, biological or toxicological properties. We proposed the “targeted EPV” that is the science and activities associated with the targeted detection, evaluation, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects of high-priority hazardous pharmaceuticals in the environment, especially focusing on the control of main anthropogenic sources of pharmaceutical emission among key stakeholders in high-risk areas could be used as an optimized management strategy for pharmaceutical pollution. “Targeted EPV” implementation should focus on the targeted monitoring of the occurrence of high-priority pharmaceuticals in environmental samples, the targeted reporting of over-standard discharge, the targeted management for main emission sources, the targeted legislation and researches on high-priority pharmaceutical pollutants, as well as the targeted educational strategies for specific key populations.     

Strategies to Avoid Neonatal Blood Transfusions for Families of the Jehovah’s Witness Faith

Beliefs and restrictions regarding acceptance of blood products by members of the Jehovah’s Witness faith often provoke discussion among health care professionals regarding alternative interventions. Establishing and maintaining an open dialog with women and families of the Jehovah’s Witness faith regarding their beliefs on the use of blood and blood products are vital in creating a therapeutic relationship between families and the health care team. Such rapport facilitates the discussion of strategies to avoid blood transfusions for newborns and provides women and families multiple opportunities to develop of a holistic birth plan congruent with their beliefs.     

Nursing home staff perspectives on adoption of an innovation in goals of care communication

Nursing homes (NH) are important settings for end-of-life care, but limited implementation may impede goals of care discussions. The purpose of this study was to understand NH staff perceptions of adoption and sustainability of the Goals of Care video decision aid for families of residents with advanced dementia. Study design was a cross-sectional survey of staff at 11 NHs in North Carolina who participated in the Goals of Care (GOC) cluster randomized clinical trial. Staff perceived the GOC decision aid intervention as a positive innovation; it was perceived as more compatible with current practices by male staff, nurses, and more experienced NH staff. Perceptions were correlated with experience, implying that experience with an innovative approach may help to promote improved GOC communication in nursing homes. Nurses and social work staff could be effective champions for implementing a communication technique, like the GOC intervention.     

静脉药物集中调配模式的应用及体会

目的：总结静脉输液制剂集中调配模式的运行工作,进一步提高我院药学服务质量。方法：采用“统排统配法”集中调配全院静脉用药,临床药师以静脉输液加药调配中心（PIVAS）为平台,制定个体化输液计划,实施条形码扫描“后计费”模式收取药费和配置费。结果与结论：全院不合理用药现象明显改善,药品调剂和配置效率大大提高,一次性耗材消耗量明显减少;药品“后计费”模式大大减少了病区静脉药物的退药现象。PIVAS的应用,获得了巨大的社会效益和经济效益,使我院药学服务步入一个新的台阶。     

白龙港深度脱水污泥集装化运输陆运方案比较研究

针对上海市白龙港污水处理厂深度脱水污泥的集装化运输,提出了3种不同的陆运方案,并对建设周期、设备投资、人员配置、运行经济性、工程验证、以及现有生活垃圾集装化运输的影响等进行了综合分析。工程验证结果表明:推荐采用集装箱竖式装料、竖式短驳车和运输车进行短驳和运输的方案2,不仅人员配置少,且对现有生活垃圾集装化运输无影响。