慢性氟中毒对小鼠学习记忆行为和运动耐力的影响

选用１月龄ＩＣＲ品系小鼠,随机分成４组,分别饮用１ｍｇ／Ｌ（低氟组）、５ｍｇ／Ｌ（中氟组）、１０ｍｇ／Ｌ（高氟组）的氟化钠溶液和蒸馏水（对照组）,８周后用开场行为和Ｙ－迷宫模型观察慢性氟中毒对小鼠学习记忆行为的影响;１０周后检测氟中毒对小鼠运动耐力的影响。结果表明：（１）中氟组和高氟组小鼠后腿站立次数和移动格数均少于对照组和低氟组,且以高氟组的变化最大;（２）随着氟浓度的增大,小鼠的学习能力明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０５,高氟组与对照组相比）,而对记忆保持力却无显著影响;（３）运动耐力测定时,在水中淹死的时间中氟组和高氟组比低氟组低得多（Ｐ＜０．０５和Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果提示,慢性氟中毒对小鼠的一些开场行为和学习能力以及运动耐力有显著的影响     

5-HT3 receptor over-expression enhances ethanol sensitivity in mice

 Ethanol sensitivity may play a role in the risk of developing alcoholism. The role of 5-HT₃ receptors in sensitivity to ethanol was assessed in mice over-expressing the 5-HT₃ receptor in the forebrain. Sleep time and ED₅₀ for loss of righting reflex (LRR) were used to assess the effect of a high dose of ethanol in transgenic versus non-transgenic mice. The ED₅₀ for ethanol-induced increase in open field activity was used to measure differences in sensitivity to low dose ethanol. The ED₅₀ for ethanol-induced increase in activity was 41% lower in the 5-HT₃ receptor over-expressing transgenic mice compared to non-transgenic mice. However, 5-HT₃ receptor over-expressing mice did not differ from control mice in ethanol metabolism, ED₅₀ for LRR, and ethanol sleep time. Over-expression of 5-HT₃ receptors in mouse forebrain results in an enhanced sensitivity to the stimulating effects of a low dose of ethanol without altering ethanol sedating effects or ethanol metabolism. These data suggest that 5-HT₃ receptors modulate low dose ethanol sensitivity and may explain why, in previous studies, these mice consume less ethanol. Received: 11 December 1998 / Final version: 24 February 1999     

Is male gender a risk factor for conversion of laparoscopic into open cholecystectomy?

Background: Based on a clinical observation that the conversion rate of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) to open cholecystectomy (OC) is higher in males, we decided to review our records and to verify whether a significant difference in conversion rates exists between sexes. Methods: A retrospective study on conversion rates of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) into open cholecystectomy (LC) in relation to gender was carried out in 329 patients: 267 females and 62 males. Results: Our data revealed that the probability of conversion is fivefold greater in males than females, 21% vs 4.5%, respectively (p=0.0001). We attribute this striking difference to significantly more adhesions (p=0.0002) and anatomical difficulties (p=0.003) in males during LC, leading to conversion. Conclusions: We conclude that conversion of LC to OC is more prevalent among males and is probably attributable to a greater incidence of anatomical difficulties.     

Different behavioural patterns induced by apomorphine: evidence that the method of administration determines the behavioural response to the drug

The behavioural effects of s.c. injected apomorphine was studied on habituated rats in a test-box designed to measure 8 different components of behaviour. Apomorphine, 1 mg/kg, induced two different behaviours: The "G-type" of behaviour characterized by compulsive gnawing and the "LS-type" of behaviour characterized by increased locomotion, sniffing and repetitive head and limb movements. G-type behaviour was induced when apomorphine, dissolved by heating, was injected s.c. into the flank of the animal. LS-type behaviour was induced both when apomorphine, dissolved by heating, was injected s.c. into the neck and when it was dissolved by heating together with a high concentration of ascorbic acid (1 mg/ml) and injected s.c. into the flank. G-type behaviour could not be elicited by changing the dose which induced LS-type behaviour or vice versa. We therefore conclude that these different behavioural effects of apomorphine were not dose--response effects but were elicited by at least two different synaptic mechanisms in the brain. Experimentally induced changes from one of these apomorphine-induced behaviours to another can therefore not merely be interpreted as a change in the intensity of the behavioural response as is done in e.g. commonly used stereotypy rating scales.     

经尿道前列腺汽化与开放性手术对老年前列腺增生患者术后性功能的影响

目的评价经尿道前列腺汽化(TUVP)和开放性手术对老年前列腺增生(BPH)患者术后性功能的影响.方法分别统计分析经尿道前列腺汽化组(TUVP组)、耻骨上经膀胱前列腺切除组(SPP组)和耻骨后保留尿道前列腺切除组(Madigan组)术后6个月、1 2个月勃起障碍(ED)与逆行射精(RE)的发生率.结果术后6个月ED的发生率在TUVP组(n=52)、SPP组(n=46)、Madigan组(n=32)分别为1 3.4%(7/52)、1 5.2%(7/46)、1 2.5%(4/32),术后12个月ED的发生率分别为11.5%(6/52)、1 5.2%(7/46)、1 2.5%(4/32),术后6个月、1 2个月RE的发生率在TUVP组、SPP组、Madigan组分别为46.2%(24/5 2)、39.1%(1 8/46)、9.3%(3/32).结论TUVP与传统开放性手术SPP及Madigan手术相比较对勃起障碍的影响无统计学差异(p＞0.05),但逆行射精的发生率较Madigan手术组高,提示对术后射精功能有较大影响.     

七味开心颗粒对脑损伤-嗅球破坏模型大鼠行为及血浆中ACTH、COR含量的影响

目的 :研究七味开心颗粒的药理作用。方法 :采用脑损伤 -嗅球破坏模型 ,将实验大鼠分为正常组、假手术组、模型组、盐酸氯米帕明组、七味开心颗粒 (高、中、低剂量 )组 ,观察各组大鼠行为学变化及其血浆中促肾上腺皮质激素 (ACTH )和皮质醇 (COR)含量的变化。结果 :在敞箱实验和避暗实验中 ,模型组大鼠行为出现明显变化 ,七味开心颗粒组和盐酸氯米帕明组均可显著拮抗大鼠行为变化 ;模型组大鼠血浆中ACTH、COR含量显著升高 (P<0 01) ,七味开心颗粒组和盐酸氯米帕明组都可抑制ACTH、COR含量的升高 (P<0 01)。结论 :七味开心颗粒可能通过作用于下丘脑 -垂体 -肾上腺皮质轴而发挥抗抑郁作用。     

利用TRS建立生物医学开放存取全文期刊资源导航库

结合大连医科大学图书馆的生物医学开放存取（Open Access，OA）全文期刊资源导航库建设实践，侧重OA全文期刊资源整合，论述了应用TRS系统建立数据库的具体步骤，包括网上生物医学OA全文期刊资源的获取、建立TRS数据库、数据库在因特网的发布、数据库的维护更新等几个方面。最后提出OA全文期刊资源数据库发展前景。     

腹腔镜与开放手术行肾囊肿去顶术的效果比较

目的评价腹腔镜与开放性手术行肾囊肿去顶术的临床价值,并探讨经腹腔及后腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术的适应证及疗效。方法采用经腹腔及后腹腔腹腔镜行肾囊肿去顶术23例,其中经腹腔路径8例,腹膜后路径15例,并回顾分析比较30例开放性肾囊肿去顶术。结合两组临床资料、手术时间、术中出血量、术后止痛剂的使用、住院时间等进行比较。结果腹腔镜组手术时间45～120分钟,平均66分钟,其中经腹腔路径平均55分钟,腹膜后路径平均70分钟。术后恢复快,无1例发生并发症。与开放手术比较,腹腔镜手术的手术时间、术后并发症以及术后住院天数均明显减少。结论腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术治疗单纯性肾囊肿的疗效明显优于传统开放性手术,甚至可取代开放性手术。