156例颅颌面骨折治疗的临床分析

目的回顾性研究颅颌面骨折患者的治疗方法。 方法选取佛山市中医院口腔颌面外科2017年1月至2019年12月收治的156例颅颌面骨折患者,经过急诊CT确诊有颅脑外伤并颌面部骨折患者为纳入标准。首先于脑外科处理颅脑外伤,给予护脑、抗炎、脱水等对症处理,病情稳定后手术治疗行颌面部骨折切开复位内固定术,术中麻醉注意保持血压稳定,术后继续脑外科及口腔科专科对症治疗,并康复治疗3 ~ 6个月。 结果156例颅颌面骨折损伤患者中,16例患者张口受限,9例有面瘫症状,其余患者康复满意。 结论颅颌面骨折患者治疗应评估好手术时机择期手术,围手术期应密切观察患者颅脑病情变化。     

From guidelines to standards of care for open tibial fractures

IntroductionThe standards for the management of open fractures of the lower limb published by the British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic surgeons (BAPRAS) and British Orthopaedic Association (BOA) were introduced to improve the treatment received by patients after open injury to the lower limb. These Standards were released after BAPRAS/BOA published Guidelines for the management of open tibial fractures.MethodsWe wished to determine the impact of these Standards upon the surgical management of open tibial fractures by comparing patients admitted to an orthoplastic centre in the 45 months concluding December 2009 (the Guidelines era) with those admitted during 2011 (the Standards era). Surgical procedures required during the first 30 days and 12 months after injury were determined. Cases were divided into ‘directly admitted patients’ (DAP) and ‘transferred patients’ (TP). Standards-era patients were divided further into those who had surgery exclusively at the orthoplastic centre (orthoplastic patients (OPP)) and those transferred after surgery (TASP).ResultsThe number of TP trebled in frequency in the Standards era, 25% of whom were transferred before surgery. Significantly fewer surgical procedures were required for DAP and OPP groups compared with TP (and TASP) groups in both eras (Mann–Whitney U-test, p=0.05). DAP and OPP groups during the Standards era underwent the fewest procedures, with the vast majority of cases treated with two or fewer procedures in the first 12 months (88% and 80%, respectively, compared with 61% in the Guidelines era). In the Guidelines era, 44% of TP cases and in the Standards era 39% of TP and 29% of TASP groups underwent two or fewer procedures.Approximately two-thirds of open tibial fractures managed in our orthoplastic centre were patients transferred after surgery. The greatest impact of the Standards was evident for those who underwent surgery exclusively in the orthoplastic centre, reflecting a more deliberate combined strategy.ConclusionThese findings vindicate the Standards as well as mandating reorganisation and resourcing of orthoplastic services to ensure immediate transfer and early combined surgery. By increasing the capacity to deal with time-dependent initial surgery, the surgical burden that the patient must endure, and which the service must provide, are reduced.     

Temporomandibular disorders with skeletal open bite treated with stabilization splint and zygomatic miniplate anchorage: A case report

This case report describes the treatment of a patient with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and skeletal open bite. First, the patient was treated with a stabilization splint to stabilize the condyles in centric relation and to alleviate TMD signs and symptoms. After making a definitive diagnosis from postsplint records, orthodontic treatment was initiated. Titanium miniplates were placed at bilateral zygomatic buttresses and used as orthodontic anchorage for molar intrusion and distalization. The treatment was completed after 30 months. Satisfactory appearance and function were achieved for this patient.     

切开与闭合复位空心钉内固定治疗移位股骨颈骨折的疗效比较

目的比较切开复位与闭合复位3枚空心钉内固定术治疗移位股骨颈骨折的效果。方法回顾性分析自2006-01—2013-01诊治的移位股骨颈骨折51例,32例采用闭合复位3枚空心钉内固定(闭合复位组),19例采用切开复位3枚空心钉内固定(切开复位组)。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、术中透视时间、末次随访时髋关节功能Harris评分、并发症情况(骨折不愈合、股骨头坏死)。结果 51例均获得随访12~90个月,平均39个月。闭合复位组手术时间、术中出血量均少于切开复位组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而2组术中透视时间、骨折不愈合发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。切开复位组股骨头坏死发生率低于闭合复位组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。切开复位组末次随访时髋关节功能Harris评分优良率高于闭合复位组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对于移位股骨颈骨折,切开复位内固定术后股骨头缺血坏死的发生率低于闭合复位内固定术。     

闭合复位与切开复位交锁髓内钉内固定治疗股骨干骨折的疗效比较

目的比较闭合复位与切开复位交锁髓内钉内固定治疗股骨干骨折的疗效。方法自2008-01—2013-01,对采用闭合复位与切开复位交锁髓内钉内固定治疗且获得随访的110例股骨干骨折进行回顾性分析,其中60例采用闭合复位,50例采用切开复位。比较2组术中出血量、手术时间、骨折愈合时间、并发症及膝关节功能评分。结果闭合复位组获得平均14(6~20)个月随访,切开复位组获得平均16(8~22)个月随访。闭合复位组手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间、HSS评分分别为(84.170±15.228)min、(149.250±33.659)ml、(5.290±1.113)个月、(86.980±6.736)分,切开复位组分别为(84.940±15.745)min、(441.800±76.277)ml、(8.170±2.123)个月、(82.100±9.351)分;闭合复位组与切开复位组比较,术中出血量更少,骨折愈合时间更短,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);但2组手术时间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。闭合复位组术后12个月膝关节功能HSS评分较切开复位组高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。闭合复位组术后2例发生骨折延迟愈合,3例出现股骨外旋畸形愈合,并发症发生率为8.333%。切开复位组术后6例发生骨折延迟愈合,2例骨不连,1例浅表感染,1例深部感染,并发症发生率为20.000%。闭合复位组术后并发症发生率低于切开复位组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用交锁髓内钉内固定治疗股骨干骨折时,闭合复位疗效优于开放复位。     

切开复位内固定术治疗 Pilo n骨折的手术时机选择

目的：探讨切开复位内固定术治疗Pilon骨折的手术时机选择,寻找最佳手术时间。方法：选择2008年5月－2012年6月的55例Pilon骨折患者作为研究对象,将其分为A组27例和B组28例,A组患者于伤后3～7d给予切开复位内固定术,B组分步延期,在伤后7～21 d待软组织肿胀消退后再进行切开复位内固定术。观察两组创面与骨折的愈合状况,并对踝关节功能进行评估。结果：A组愈合平均时间为（18．7±3．1）周,并发症方面为切口裂开和浅表感染各3例;固定物外露和骨髓炎各1例;踝关节功能评价方面11例优,9例良,7例差。B组平均骨折愈合时间为（15．4±2．4）周;只有2例患者发生浅表感染;踝关节功能评价16例优,9例良,3例差。两组患者在骨折愈合时间、伤口愈合情况和踝关节功能恢复情况方面差异具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论：Pilon骨折手术时机的选择对手术效果具有关键的影响,分步延期手术可以缩短骨折愈合进程,改善愈合效果,促进踝关节功能的进一步康复,应加强临床中的推广力度。     

经尿道前列腺汽化和开放手术对老年前列腺增生患者性功能的影响

目的 评价经尿道前列腺汽化(TUVP)和开放性手术对老年前列腺增生(BPH)患者术后性功能的影响。方法 分别统计TUVP组(52例)、耻骨上经膀胱前列腺切除组(SPP组，46例)和耻骨后保留尿道前列腺切除组(Madigan组，32例)术后6、12个月勃起障碍与逆行射精的发生率。结果 术后6个月勃起障碍的发生率：TUVP组、SPP组、Madigan组分别为13．4％(7例)、15．2％(7例)、12．5％(4例)，术后12个月分别为11．5％(6例)、15．2％(7例)、12．5％(4例)；术后6、12个月逆行射精的发生率3组分别为46．2％(24例)、39．1％(18例)、9．3％(3例)。结论 TUVP与传统开放性手术SPP及Madigan手术对勃起障碍及性活动的影响不明显，但逆行射精的发生率较Madign手术组高，提示TUVP对术后射精功能有较大影响。     

Study of Efficacy and the Comparison Between 2.0?mm Locking Plating System and 2.0?mm Standard Plating System in Mandibular Fractures

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and comparison between 2.0 mm locking plate system and 2.0 mm Champy’s titanium mini plating system in mandible fractures.

Materials and Methods

A total of 20 patients with mandibular fractures were selected and divided into two groups A and B on randomized basis. Group A was treated with open reduction internal fixation using 2.0 mm locking plates and group B with 2.0 mm Champy’s titanium miniplates. All patients were followed up for 12 weeks postoperatively.

Results

Results of the study show less screw loosening, less precision in plate adaptation and less alteration of the osseous or occlusal relationship upon screw tightening in group A. Chi square test was applied to compare the results between the two groups. Statistical analysis did not show significant difference of incidence of malocclusion between the two groups (p value = 0.606). Statistical analysis using un-paired t test showed significant difference of working time between the two groups (p value = 0.00296). When comparing the overall complication rates according to plates used, the χ² test showed no statistically significant difference between the locking and nonlocking plates (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

It is observed in our study that the locking plate/screw system offers significant advantages over the conventional plating system. The precise adaptation required for using conventional plates is not needed when this locking plate/screw system is used. Locking plate/screw system provides better stability than the conventional plate/screw system.