Ordering behaviors and age-hardening in experimental AuCu-Zn pseudobinary alloys for dental applications

Age-hardening mechanisms and related ordering behaviors of the experimental (AuCu)_1−xZn_x alloys with x0.2 were investigated for dental applications. The addition of Zn to equiatomic AuCu greatly increased the age-hardening rate and delayed overaging. It was suggested that the quenched-in excess vacancies were greatly related to the age-hardening rate in the AuCu–Zn pseudobinary alloys. In these alloys, the hardness became maximum during the very initial stage of ordering, and with the development of ordered phase, the hardness began to decrease. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the age-hardening of AuCu–Zn pseudobinary alloys is caused by lattice distortion that occurred during the very early stage of atomic ordering. The addition of Zn to AuCu effectively increased the density of antiphase boundaries per unit volume of the AuCu II superstructure. This is suggested to be the main cause for the retardation of the overaging in the alloys containing Zn of 5 at% or more. This pronounced effect of Zn addition to AuCu alloy on its age-hardening characteristics may be advantageous for obtaining stable mechanical properties of dental casting gold alloys.     

Predictors of sunbathing and sunscreen use in college undergraduates

Sunbathing and sunscreen use, as well as related intentions, attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge, were assessed in 90 Southern Appalachian undergraduates. A large majority (75%) reported sunbathing, with more than half reporting sun lamp use. A slight majority (56.7%) reported some use of sunscreen. Subjects reporting an intention to tan spent more time sunbathing, both outside and under a sun lamp. Individuals reporting a sun protection intention had lighter tans and spent less time sunbathing. Sunbathing was predicted by perceptions of sunbathing as relaxing, while sun lamp use was predicted by more positive views of suntatns. Sunscreen use was predicted by more positive sun protection attitudes and less negative sunscreen attitudes.     

Effects of thyroxine and temperature manipulations upon the hatching of chick embryos (Gallus domesticus)

Thyroxine levels within chick embryos (Gallus domesticus) and incubation temperature were manipulated late in development in order to determine those events most proximal to the time of hatching that are both necessary and sufficient for the appearance of the hatched state. Events recorded include the time of breathing initiation, changes in breathing rate, time of puncture of the chorioallantoic membrane and changes in rate of loss of yolk sac material. It was found that a certain level of thyroxine is necessary for an animal to hatch, that breathing and puncture of the chorioallantoic membrane are necessary but not sufficient to predict the occurrence of hatching, and that a change in rate of loss of yolk sac material during the last 18 hr prior to hatching is sufficient to predict the occurrence of hatching. The explanatory hypothesis offered is that the endogenous increase in thyroxine levels acting via increased metabolic rates is necessary and sufficient for the animals to hatch.     

护理人员应付方式的相关因素分析

目的 探讨影响护理人员应付方式的相关因素。方法 采用应付方式问卷和艾森克个性问卷对303名护理人员进行评定。结果 护理人员的应付方式与个性心理特征相关性较大,与年龄和护龄不呈线性关系,与是否倒班和不同的科室无关。4－5年和6－8年护龄的护理人员在应用解决问题应付方式上,比其他护龄组明显减少。结论 应加强护理人员,尤其是工作4－8年的护理人员的应付方式的指导。     

推进整体护理提高护理质量

介绍了四川省以点带面开展整体护理的做法,取得的成效,存在的问题与对策,并提出了下一步的工作目标与计划设想.要求转变观念,加强培训;保证人力配备,提高综合素质.     

Influenza cases in nine aged care facilities in Sydney,Australia over a three-year surveillance period, 2018—2020

BackgroundInfluenza outbreaks in aged care facilities are a major public health concern. In response to the severe 2017 influenza season in Australia, enhanced influenza vaccines were introduced from 2018 onwards for those over 65 and more emphasis was placed on improving vaccination rates among aged care staff. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these efforts were then further escalated to reduce the additional burden that influenza could pose to facilities.MethodsAn observational epidemiological study was conducted from 2018 to 2020 in nine Sydney (Australia) aged care facilities of the same provider. De-identified vaccination data and physical layout data were collected from participating facility managers from 2018 to 2020. Active surveillance of influenza-like illness was carried out from 2018 to 2020 influenza seasons. Correlation and Poisson regression analyses were carried out to explore the relationship between physical layout variables to occurrence of influenza cases.ResultsInfluenza cases were low in 2018 and 2019, and there were no confirmed influenza cases identified in 2020. Vaccination rates increased among staff by 50.5% and residents by 16.8% over the three-year period of surveillance from 2018 to 2020. For each unit increase in total number of beds, common areas, single rooms, all types of rooms (including double occupancy rooms), the influenza cases increased by 1.02 (95% confidence interval:1.018–1.025), 1.04 (95% confidence interval: 1.019–1.073), 1.03 (95% confidence interval: 1.016–1 0.038) and 1.02 (95% confidence interval:1.005–1.026) times which were found to be statistically significant. For each unit increase in the proportion of shared rooms, influenza cases increased by 1.004 (95% confidence interval:1.0001–1.207) which was found to be statistically significant.ConclusionsThere is a relationship between influenza case counts and aspects of the physical layout such as facility size, and this should be considered in assessing risk of outbreaks in aged care facilities. Increased vaccination rates in staff and COVID-19 prevention and control measures may have eliminated influenza in the studied facilities in 2020.     

Social/sexual awareness of persons with autism: A parental perspective

A parental survey that addressed the social sexual awareness, sex education, and sex behaviors of persons with autism, a developmental disability is provided. Questionnaires from 100 caregivers of persons with autism 9 years of age and older and with the DSM-III-R diagnosis were analyzed. Eighty-five percent of respondents were mothers, 8% both parents, 5% fathers, and 2% others; 32% of the persons with autism were female and 68% male with an age range of 9.1 to 38.9 years. The verbal level of the person with autism related to parents' beliefs about the relevance of sex relations (² = 6.99, p < 0.05) and sex education (² = 22.91, p < 0.001). No relationship between parents' report of the verbal level of the individual and the display of inappropriate sexual behaviors was found (² = 2.56, ns). Parents of males were more concerned about their son being taken advantage of by a same-sex person (² = 15.90, p < 0.001); parents of females were worried about an opposite-sex person (² = 4.06, p < 0.05). Parental concerns and beliefs regarding sexuality varied and could not be generalized. The nonsignificant finding regarding verbal level and display of inappropriate sexual behaviors suggests that the need for sex education is best determined by the behaviors of the person rather than the functioning or verbal levels.     

不同地区妇女产褥期卫生行为研究

目的 了解江苏、陕西和贵州三省妇女产褥期卫生行为和保健的一般情况;比较 不同地区间产褥期各种卫生行为的发生率;了解影响产褥期卫生行为的相关因素。方法 用问卷调查的形式对三者１２个县的２３５２例２岁以下儿童母亲进行入户访问。结果 江苏、陕西、贵州三者产褥期各卫生行为的发和衣次为：洗头２６．４％,３８．８％,１９．８％, 下身（指外阴部,下同）８３．３％,２６．９％,６４．０％,正常活动７６．９％,７     

支气管动脉灌注化疗栓塞术治疗肺癌的护理

目的　探讨预防及减少肺癌患者行支气管动脉灌注化疗栓塞 (BAE)术后并发症的有效护理方法 ,提高其生活质量。方法　对 2 0 0 2年 2月～ 2 0 0 3年 8月 2 0例行BAE的原发性肺癌患者进行术后观察和护理。结论　术前充分合理的准备、术中对化疗药物充分混匀、控制注射速度、术后正确拨管、动态观察局部血运等能有效预防BAE所致胸痛、出血及脊髓损伤等并发症的发生。对局部化疗药物副反应引起恶心呕吐 ,脊髓抑制等现象 ,应严格执行无菌操作 ,采取保护性隔离措施 ,可增强患者机体抵抗力 ,提高生存质量。     

乌鲁木齐市中学生健康行为调查分析

目的监测和了解中学生主要的健康危险行为和保护性因素的情况。方法由美国疾病预防控制中心(CDC)统一采用专门的抽样软件抽取乌鲁木齐市25所中学,并采用整群抽样方法抽取学校的班级并对班级中的13~15岁在校学生进行问卷调查。结果每天运动60分钟以上的学生占16.1%;父母或监护人一直或大多数时间里理解被监护人遇到的问题和烦恼的学生占36.0%;曾经感到孤独的学生占8.2%;曾做过自杀计划的人占9.0%,曾经认真想过自杀的学生占20.4%;曾经尝试过吸烟的学生占31.2%;第一次尝试酒精的年龄在13岁以上的学生占33.5%;曾经使用过1次以上毒品的学生占1.4%;参加8次以上打架的学生占22.2%。结论中学生中存在比较严重的健康行为方面的问题,突出表现在缺少体育运动,心理健康问题严重、有自杀倾向,吸烟、饮酒和使用毒品等,必须引起教育和卫生部门的高度重视,并提早给予干预,以促进少年儿童的健康发展。