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131.
Fecal viral load and norovirus-associated gastroenteritis 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Chan MC Sung JJ Lam RK Chan PK Lee NL Lai RW Leung WK 《Emerging infectious diseases》2006,12(8):1278-1280
We report the median cDNA viral load of norovirus genogroup II is >100-fold higher than that of genogroup I in the fecal specimens of patients with norovirus-associated gastroenteritis. We speculate that increased cDNA viral load accounts for the higher transmissibility of genogroup II strains through the fecal-oral route. 相似文献
132.
133.
The recombinant 3C-like protease of Chiba virus, a Norovirus, expressed in Escherichia coli cells was purified and characterized as to effects of pH, temperature, salt contents, and SH reagents on its proteolytic activity. The optimal pH and temperature of the 3C-like protease for the proteolytic activity were 8.6 and 37 °C, respectively. Increased concentration (100 mM) of monovalent cations such as Na+ and K+ was inhibitory to the activity. Hg2+ and Zn2+ remarkably inhibited the protease activity, while Mg2+ and Ca2+ had no virtual effect. Several sulfhydryl reagents such as p-chloromercuribenzoic acid, methyl methanethiosulfonate, N-ethylmaleimide and N-phenylmaleimide also blocked the activity, confirming the previous result that cysteine residue(s) were responsible for the proteolysis. 相似文献
134.
J. Xie A. Nettel-Aguirre B.E. Lee L. Chui X.L. Pang R. Zhuo B. Parsons O.G. Vanderkooi P.I. Tarr S. Ali J.A. Dickinson E. Hagen L.W. Svenson S.E. MacDonald S.J. Drews R. Tellier T. Graham M. Lavoie S.B. Freedman 《Clinical microbiology and infection》2019,21(4):454-461
Objectives
To evaluate the relationship between individual bacterial and viral pathogens and disease severity.Methods
Children <18 years with three or more episodes of vomiting and/or diarrhoea were enrolled in two Canadian paediatric emergency departments between December 2014 and August 2016. Specimens were analysed employing molecular panels, and outcome data were collected 14 days after enrolment. The primary outcome was severe disease over the entire illness (symptom onset until 14-day follow-up), quantified employing the Modified Vesikari Scale (MVS) score. The score was additionally analysed in two other time periods: index (symptom onset until enrolment) and follow-up (enrolment until 14-day follow-up).Results
Median participant age was 20.7 (IQR: 11.3, 44.2) months; 47.4% (518/1093) and 73.4% (802/1093) of participants had index and total MVS scores ≥11, respectively. The most commonly identified pathogens were rotavirus (289/1093; 26.4%) and norovirus (258/1093; 23.6%). In multivariable analysis, severe disease over the entire illness was associated with rotavirus (OR = 9.60; 95%CI: 5.69, 16.19), Salmonella (OR = 6.61; 95%CI: 1.50, 29.17), adenovirus (OR = 2.53; 95%CI: 1.62, 3.97), and norovirus (OR = 1.43; 95%CI: 1.01, 2.01). Pathogens associated with severe disease at the index visit were: rotavirus only (OR = 6.13; 95%CI: 4.29, 8.75), Salmonella (OR = 4.59; 95%CI: 1.71, 12.29), adenovirus only (OR = 2.06; 95%CI: 1.41, 3.00), rotavirus plus adenovirus (OR = 3.15; 95%CI: 1.35, 7.37), and norovirus (OR = 0.68; 95%CI: 0.49, 0.94). During the follow-up period, rotavirus (OR = 2.21; 95%CI: 1.50, 3.25) and adenovirus (OR = 2.10; 95%CI: 1.39, 3.18) were associated with severe disease.Conclusions
In children presenting for emergency department care with acute gastroenteritis, pathogens identified were predominantly viruses, and several of which were associated with severe disease. Salmonella was the sole bacterium independently associated with severe disease. 相似文献135.
Angela Domínguez Núria Torner Laura Ruíz Ana Martínez Irene Barrabeig Neus Camps Pere Godoy Sofia Minguell Ignasi Parrn Analía Pumars Maria Rosa Sala Rosa Bartolom Unai Prez Mercedes de Simn Rebeca Montava Javier Buesa the Catalan Viral Gastroenteritis Study Group 《Journal of clinical virology》2008,43(1):126-131
136.
Ahrim Lee Jieun Sung Dipesh S. Harmalkar Hyeseul Kang Hwayoung Lee Kyeong Lee Choongho Lee 《Biomolecules & therapeutics.》2022,30(1):64
Norovirus (NV) is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis, with the potential to develop into a fatal disease in those who are immuno-compromised, and effective vaccines and treatments are still non-existent. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the previously identified NV replication inhibitor utilizing a vinyl-stilbene backbone, AC-1858. First, we confirmed the inhibition of the NV RNA replication by a structural analog of AC-1858, AC-2288 with its exclusive cytoplasmic subcellular localization. We further validated the induction of one specific host factor, the phosphorylated form of heat shock factor (HSF)-1, and its increased nuclear localization by AC-1858 treatment. Finally, we verified the positive and negative impact of the siRNA-mediated downregulation and lentivirus-mediated overexpression of HSF-1 on NV RNA replication. In conclusion, these data suggest the restrictive role of the host factor HSF-1 in overall viral RNA genome replication during the NV life cycle. 相似文献
138.
Idesbald Boone Bettina Rosner Raskit Lachmann Michele Luca D'Errico Luigi Iannetti Yves Van der Stede Frank Boelaert Steen Ethelberg Tim Eckmanns Klaus Stark Sebastian Haller Hendrik Wilking 《Euro surveillance : bulletin européen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin》2021,26(41)
BackgroundHealthcare-associated foodborne outbreaks (HA-FBO) may have severe consequences, especially in vulnerable groups.AimThe aim was to describe the current state of HA-FBO and propose public health recommendations for prevention.MethodsWe searched PubMed, the Outbreak Database (Charité, University Medicine Berlin), and hand-searched reference lists for HA-FBO with outbreak onset between 2001 and 2018 from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries and HA-FBO (2012–2018) from the German surveillance system. Additionally, data from the European Food Safety Authority were analysed.ResultsThe literature search retrieved 57 HA-FBO from 16 OECD countries, primarily in the US (n = 11), Germany (n = 11) and the United Kingdom (n = 9). In addition, 28 HA-FBO were retrieved from the German surveillance system. Based on the number of outbreaks, the top three pathogens associated with the overall 85 HA-FBO were Salmonella (n = 24), norovirus (n = 22) and Listeria monocytogenes (n = 19). Based on the number of deaths, L. monocytogenes was the main pathogen causing HA-FBO. Frequently reported implicated foods were ‘mixed foods’ (n = 16), ‘vegetables and fruits’ (n = 15) and ‘meat and meat products’ (n = 10). Consumption of high-risk food by vulnerable patients, inadequate time-temperature control, insufficient kitchen hygiene and food hygiene and carriers of pathogens among food handlers were reported as reasons for HA-FBO.ConclusionTo prevent HA-FBO, the supply of high-risk food to vulnerable people should be avoided. Well working outbreak surveillance facilitates early detection and requires close interdisciplinary collaboration and exchange of information between hospitals, food safety and public health authorities. 相似文献
139.
BackgroundDiarrhoea in children is a common disease; understanding the incidence of causative viruses can aid infection control and vaccine development.ObjectivesDescribe the incidence and characteristics of gastroenteric viruses including norovirus genotypes in a paediatric hospital cohort.Study designNorovirus, adenovirus, sapovirus, astrovirus, rotavirus qPCR and norovirus genotyping results for all stool specimens (n = 4786; 1393 patients) at a UK paediatric tertiary referral hospital June 2014–July 2015.Results and discussion24% (329/1393) of patients were positive for a GI virus; the majority were positive for norovirus (44%, 144/329) or adenovirus (44%, 146/329). The overall incidence of rotavirus (2%) is reduced compared to pre-vaccination studies; however the incidence of other GI viruses has not increased. Norovirus infections had a significantly higher virus burden compared to other GI viruses (P ≤0.03); sapovirus infections had the lowest viral burden.The number of norovirus cases per month did not follow the typical winter seasonal trend of nationally reported outbreaks. The number of cases per month correlates with the number of hospital admissions (R = 0.703, P = 0.011); the number of admissions accounts for 50% of the variability in number of cases per month. The breadth of genotypes seen (48% non-GII.4), suggests a community source for many norovirus infections and has implications for vaccine development.All GI viruses caused chronic infections, with the majority (50–100%) in immunocompromised patients. Incidence or duration of infection in chronic norovirus infections did not differ between genotypes, suggesting host-mediated susceptibility. 相似文献
140.
Witlox KJ Nguyen TN Bruggink LD Catton MG Marshall JA 《Journal of virological methods》2008,150(1-2):70-72
The aim of the study was to compare the sensitivity of a norovirus RT-PCR method using two manual RNA extraction methods (Qiagen and Roche) and two automated RNA extraction methods (Qiagen and Corbett). All four RNA extraction methods gave similar sensitivities although the automated methods, especially the Corbett, required significantly less labour than the manual methods. The automated methods also enabled RNA extraction of approximately two to three times the number of specimens in a given time period compared to manual methods. 相似文献