健康新生儿口腔正常微生物的早期定植研究

目的　观察新生儿口腔微生物的早期定植情况 ,确定健康新生儿口腔正常微生物群的组成以及新生儿口腔中的优势细菌。方法　对 2 2名健康新生儿口腔进行棉拭子取样 ,在需氧、兼性厌氧、厌氧条件下培养 ,培养均采用成品培养基和培养盒 ,培养结果作微生物的形态学及生化鉴定。结果　 90 .9%的刚出生健康新生儿口腔中无菌 ;4 5 .5 %的新生儿出生第 2天即可检出 Streptococcus salivarius(S.salivarius) ,2 7.3%可检出 Streptococ-cus mitis(S.mitis) ,到出生后第 2 8天这两种菌的检出率分别达 86 .4 %和 81.8% ;Candida albicans(C.albicans)在1月龄新生儿口腔中检出率为 2 2 .7% ;母乳喂养与人工喂养的新生儿口腔正常微生物群之间无明显差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论　在早期定植于健康新生儿口腔生态区的正常微生物中 ,S.salivarius和 S.mitis为其优势细菌 ,C.albi-cans为优势真菌。不同喂养方式对新生儿口腔优势菌群的组成和数量无明显影响。     

正常压力性脑积水临床特点及手术疗效

目的 分析、探讨正常压力性脑积水发病机制、临床特点、手术指征及疗效.方法 回顾性分析我院自2005年1月-2015年1月采用侧脑室-腹腔分流术治疗53例正常压力性脑积水患者临床资料.结果 随访0.5~3年,总有效率为79.2%,无效率为20.8%,不良反应发生率为5.6%,不同临床特点患者的疗效有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论 提高对正常压力性脑积水认识,尽早确诊,选用合适压力的分流管,及时行脑室-腹腔分流术,注意防治并发症,以提高手术疗效.     

先兆早产孕妇联合应用抗生素的延续时间观察

目的：分析和探讨先兆早产孕妇联合应用抗生素的延续时间观察。方法将具有先兆早产症状的患者采用随机数字表法分为观察组（n=200）和对照组（n=60）。对观察组实行单一抗生素和联合抗生素进行治疗,对照组实行普通保胎,不进行抗生素治疗。观察2组出生体质量、Apger评分、早产儿听力评分、视力评分、早产儿行为评定等各项指标。结果使用单一抗生素组和联合抗生素组以及48 h以内相比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组出生体质量评分为（6.58±1.35）分,对照组（5.12±0.56）分;观察组Apger评分（8.95±2.33）,对照组（6.45±1.45）;观察组早产儿听力评分（40.76±1.96）,对照组（33.45±1.29）;观察组视力评分（5.12±0.23）,对照组（4.79±0.92）;观察组早产儿行为评定（96.45±2.45）,而对照组（87.94±3.26）。2组比较差异有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。观察组中>48 h和<48 h的患者相比,早产延长时间明显增加,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论使用联合抗生素治疗并且延长治疗时间,对于延长先兆早产孕妇具有极大意义,值得临床推广。     

The importance of children's ADHD for parents' relationship stability and labor supply

Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have much worse long-term outcomes than other children. This paper uses Danish register-based data on children born from 1990 to 1997 to investigate the significance of children's ADHD for parents' outcomes. We observe 172,299 pairs of parents from 1990 to 2007 of which 2457 have a firstborn child diagnosed with ADHD and 169,842 have a firstborn child without ADHD. Ten years after the birth of the child, parents of children diagnosed with ADHD have a 75% higher probability of having dissolved their relationship and a 7–13% lower labor supply. Parents of children with ADHD are, however, particularly disadvantaged in terms of socioeconomic background and mental health. We explain about half of the gaps in partnership stability and labor supply when these factors are taken into consideration, but a statistically and economically significant gap remains to be explained. Additionally, we find that the receipt of a diagnosis to some extent moderates the influence of underlying ADHD on partnership stability. Still, our study concludes that poor child health in terms of ADHD reduces parental socioeconomic status (SES) by lowering their labor supply (and earnings) and reducing relationship stability.     

The influence of demographics and working conditions on self-reported injuries among Latino day laborers

Abstract

Background: The majority of day laborers in the USA are Latinos. They are engaged in high-risk occupations and suffer high occupational injury rates.

Objectives: To describe on-the-job injuries reported by Latino day laborers, explore the extent that demographic and occupational factors predict injuries, and whether summative measures for total job types, job conditions, and personal protective equipment (PPE) predict injuries.

Methods: A community survey was conducted with 327 participants at 15 corners in Houston, Texas. Hierarchical and multiple logistic regressions explored predictors of occupational injury odds in the last year.

Results: Thirty-four percent of respondents reported an occupational injury in the previous year. Education, exposure to loud noises, cold temperatures, vibrating machinery, use of hard hats, total number of job conditions, and total PPE significantly predicted injury odds.

Conclusion: Risk for injury among day laborers is not only the product of a specific hazard, but also the result of their exposure to multiple occupational hazards.     

Disulfiram and Serum Enzymes

In 29 men and 27 women determinations of static lung volumes were performed by using a combined body plethysmographic and pneumotachographic technique. It is concluded that, except for FRC, earlier prediction equations given by Grimby &; Söderholm (5) in 1963 are still valid when the measurements are done using the present technique.     

正常新生儿血、尿肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白浓度的探讨

目的 探讨正常新生儿血、尿肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白(intestinal fatty acid binding protin,I-FABP)跟性别、胎龄、出生史等的关系,了解血、尿中的相关性.方法 收集云南省第一人民医院2012年12月至2013年4月NICU收治的没有感染、窒息病史的早产儿100例及同期出生的正常足月儿100例为实验对象,出生后24 h内采外周静脉血2 mL及用无菌管收集尿液2 mL,离心,收上清液,-60℃冰箱保存,统一检测.用ELASA方法测定血及尿液中IFABP的浓度.结果 新生儿血、尿中I-FABP在性别、胎龄、出生史进行比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).血、尿中I-FABP有相关性,Spearman相关系数为0.489 (P＜0.05).结论 血、尿中I-FABP浓度与新生儿胎龄、性别、出生史、单胎、多胎等因素无关.血尿中IFABP浓度有相关性,血标本因易导致医源性贫血及依从性差,而尿液I-FABP的检测采集方便、成本低、病人痛苦少等特点,临床上可以用尿液替代血液进行检测.     

Skull base: pseudolesion or true lesion?

The skull base is a complex anatomical structure. Therefore, radiologists often use “side-to-side” comparison for detection of abnormalities. This approach is compromised by the high frequency of anatomical variations involving the skull base and the common presence of flow-related artifacts within vessels at the skull base that might mimic true lesions. The spectrum of “pseudolesions” ranging from different anatomical variations, such as unusual arachnoid granulations, asymmetric pneumatization and/or appearance of neurovascular foramina, to flow-related artifacts will be discussed in this review article, and tips for their distinction from a true lesion in a similar location will be given.     

高频振荡呼吸机治疗新生儿呼吸衰竭的临床疗效

目的：分析探讨高频振荡呼吸机治疗新生儿呼吸衰竭的临床效果。方法2010年1月—2015年1月期间,该院共接收呼吸衰竭的新生儿52例,选择此52例患儿作为此次试验的临床研究对象,并以随机数字表法为分组依据将其平均分配为对照组以及试验组,对照组26例患儿接受常频机械通气呼吸机治疗,试验组患儿则接受高频振荡通气呼吸机治疗,治疗后比较两组患儿的PH、PCO、PO、FiO四项指标水平以及两组患者在治疗时间、住院时间、上机花费上是否存在差异。结果两组患儿经过合理的治疗以及悉心护理后,全部存活出院,但在上机治疗1 d后PCO、PO、FiO三项指标水平上对照组患儿明显不及试验组;且对照组患儿上机治疗时间为（127.5±32.10） h,试验组患儿上机治疗时间为（89.3±13.34） h;另外,在住院时间以及上机花费上,对照组也明显高于试验组,以上各项数据的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论应用高频振荡呼吸机治疗新生儿的呼吸衰竭,可以使患儿呼吸功能得到明显改善,节省治疗、住院时间以及治疗费用。     

瘢痕子宫中期引产中米非司酮联合依沙吖啶的应用效果分析

目的研究并分析对中期引产的瘢痕子宫患者使用米非司酮联合依沙吖啶的效果和价值。方法收集2014年1月~2017年1月间在我院接受中期引产的瘢痕子宫患者50例,根据随机分组原则将其分为对照组(n=25)和观察组(n=25),对照组的引产药物为依沙吖啶,观察组在对照组基础上在联合使用米非司酮,将两组宫缩开始时间、宫缩到胎盘娩出时间、产后出血量、引产成功率、清宫率、胎膜胎盘残留发生率以及软产道裂伤发生率进行观察和对比。结果观察组的宫缩开始时间、宫缩到胎盘娩出时间、产后出血量分别为(15.38±4.12)h、(8.37±1.18)h、(112.58±5.95)m L均显著优于对照组;对比两组引产成功率,观察组100.00%显著高于对照组的84.00%;在清宫率、胎膜胎盘残留发生率以及软产道裂伤发生率方面,观察组均显著低于对照组(P均0.05)。结论在中期引产的瘢痕子宫患者的治疗过程中,米非司酮联合依沙吖啶能够显著缩短产程,减少软产道损伤及产后的出血量,提高引产安全性及引产的成功率,值得推广应用。