Human chorionic gonadotropin assay in cervical secretions for accurate diagnosis of preterm labor.

OBJECTIVES: We planned to determine whether the concentration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in cervical secretions could be a useful marker for accurate diagnosis of preterm labor, and whether the use of cervical hCG assay in combination with the Bishop score would improve the prediction of delivery within 7 days, and to determine the cut-off values for hCG in prediction of delivery within 100 h, 7 and 14 days, as well as before 35 and 37 weeks of gestation in a group of women at high risk for preterm delivery. METHODS: The study was conducted in the perinatology department of Zeynep Kamil Women and Children Diseases Education and Research Hospital between February 2002 and February 2003. One hundred and two subjects with a diagnosis of threatened preterm labor with intact membranes were included in the study. For hCG measurements, a cotton swab was rolled intracervically for 10 s to absorb fluid. Bishop scores were assessed. The correlation test was employed for the variables influencing hCG values. The ROC curve analysis was used to establish an optimal cut-off concentration for cervical hCG and an optimal cut-off level for Bishop score. The continuous variables were analyzed by the unpaired, independent, two-tailed t-test and categorical data were analyzed by the chi-square test. RESULTS: A significant positive correlation was present between the cervical hCG concentrations and Bishop scores (r=0.72, P<0.0001), and a highly negative correlation between the cervical hCG concentrations and the time interval from sampling time until delivery (r=-0.80, P<0.0001) was detected. The cut-off value for cervical hCG concentration and its sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, accuracy, relative risk and likelihood ratio for accurate determination of delivery within 100 h were > or =32 mIU/ml, 98%, 55%, 70%, 96%, 77%, 19.68 and 2.18, respectively. However, these values were > or =32 mIU/ml, 97%, 84%, 89%, 95%, 92%, 17.37 and 6.06, respectively, for prediction of delivery within 7 days; > or =30 mIU/ml, 97%, 79%, 87%, 94%, 89%, 15.15 and 4.62, respectively, for prediction of delivery within 14 days; > or =33 mIU/ml, 89%, 92%, 94%, 83%, 90%, 5.83 and, 11.55, respectively, for prediction of delivery before 35 weeks; and finally > or =27 mIU/ml, 76%, 50%, 85%, 37%, 71%, 1.34 and 1.52, respectively, for prediction of delivery before 37 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Cervical hCG expression seems to be rewarding in accurate diagnosis of preterm labor. This test has the advantage of low cost and wide availability.     

山东省正常?少年儿童X线头影测量的Steiner分析

目的：建立山东省正常?少年儿童X线头影测量Steiner分析法的均值和标准差,并研究其颅面结构的性别差异、地域差异及增龄性变化。方法：按正常?标准选择156名山东省正常?少年儿童,拍摄X线头颅定位侧位片，采用Steiner分析法进行定点及测量，进行男女间，替牙期与恒牙初期之间的比较。并与哈尔滨和广州地区恒牙初期儿童正常值比较。结果：得到了山东省正常?少年儿童Steiner分析法的正常值;女性下颌骨整体有后缩趋势,男性从替牙期到恒牙初期?平面倾斜度变缓；与哈尔滨人相比，山东人的上颌相对前突；而与广州人相比，广州人的双颌更加前突。结论：用Steiner分析法测得的正常值男女间、替牙期与恒牙期之间均存在差别，不同地区人群头影测量值也存在差别。     

单硝酸异山梨醇酯结合依沙吖啶应用于中期妊娠引产的临床观察

目的观察NO供体-单硝酸异山梨醇酯结合依沙吖啶应用于中期妊娠引产的临床效果及其安全性。方法研究组于依沙吖啶羊膜腔注射前24h阴道应用单硝酸异山梨醇酯60mg,对照组依沙吖啶羊膜腔注射前无任何处理,比较两组临床结局。结果研究组引产时间及产程均短于对照组,单硝酸异山梨醇酯阴道用药对母体血压及心率均无明显影响,不增加胎盘、胎膜残留率。结论单硝酸异山梨醇酯阴道用药可缩短依沙吖啶引产时间及产程,无明显副作用。     

Saline irrigation and wound infection in abdominal gynecologic surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether saline wound irrigation decreases the incidence of wound infection following abdominal gynecologic surgery. METHOD: In this prospective randomized study, 104 patients underwent wound irrigation before wound closure following abdominal gynecologic surgery and 102 patients did not. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in patient characteristics or in factors influencing the incidence of wound infection after abdominal gynecologic surgery. The incidence of wound infection was 10.6% among women who underwent wound irrigation and 9.8% among those who did not, and the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Saline wound irrigation before abdominal wall closure is not helpful in decreasing the incidence of wound infection after abdominal gynecologic surgery.     

北京地区7~18岁青少年血脂现状调查

目的通过最新一轮的北京地区儿童青少年血脂调查，建立新的正常参考值。 方法于2004-09，随机选取7~18岁北京市中小学生共971人，均来自北京市区及郊区各县。根据年龄(每3岁为一年龄段)及性别分为8组(7~9岁男、女组；~12岁男、女组；~15岁男、女组；~18岁男、女组)，应用日立7060型全自动生化分析仪检测其空腹血浆总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL C)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL C)浓度，分别取TC、LDL C第75百分位及第90百分位点作为临界高限及高胆固醇血症浓度，取TG第90百分位点作为高甘油三酯血症浓度，取HDL C第5百分位点作为低高密度脂蛋白浓度，建立北京地区儿童血脂参考值。 结果971名儿童的血浆脂蛋白含量值呈正偏态分布，7~9岁男女性别组间血脂4项浓度；~12岁性别组间TG含量女高于男，余3项无统计学差异；~15岁性别组间TC及LDL C含量女高于男，余2项无统计学差异；~18岁性别组间TC及HDL C女高于男，余2项无统计学差异。 结论通过对971名北京市中小学生的血脂调查，建立了北京地区不同年龄性别儿童青少年的血脂正常值，确立了临界高胆固醇和高胆固醇血症浓度、高甘油三酯血症浓度和低高密度脂蛋白浓度。     

Safety of vaginal birth after cesarean delivery.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcomes of labor induction in women with a history of 1 cesarean section (CS) who undergo trial of labor. METHODS: A prospective observational study of 702 pregnant women who had 1 previous CS was conducted at Women's Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, between April 2003 and April 2004. Those with no history of vaginal delivery were assigned to one group and those with a history of vaginal delivery were assigned to another group, and the latter group was then divided into 2 subgroups according to the results of trial of labor. RESULTS: Of these 702 women with a history of 1 CS, 62.4% also had a history of vaginal delivery. After trial of labor, vaginal delivery occurred more often among women with no history of vaginal delivery (64.8%). Moreover, trial of labor resulted in a vaginal delivery more often in women who were delivered only once and by CS (87.7%) than in women who also had a history of vaginal delivery (79.2%). CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that women who have had a CS should strongly consider natural delivery for subsequent pregnancies.     

Oral misoprostol in the third stage of labor.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of intravenous ergometrine, intramuscular oxytocin, and oral misoprostol in the control of postpartum hemorrhage. METHODS: Mean blood loss, rates of blood loss between 500 and 1000 ml, hematocrit fall greater than 10%, and need for additional oxytocic agents and nature and rates of adverse effects were assessed in this prospective, randomized, controlled study. RESULTS: All outcomes were similar in the 3 groups. The main adverse effects in the misoprostol group were temperatures higher than 99 degrees F, which normalized within 2 h and shivering, which was mild and self-limiting. CONCLUSIONS: Oral misoprostol is as effective as conventional oxytocic agents in preventing postpartum hemorrhage and can be recommended for use in low-resource settings.     

聚类回归与多元线性回归的对比研究

目的：聚类回归与多元线性回归分析方法的比较。方法：运用多元线性回归和聚类回归分析方法，探讨10项常用肝功能指标间的内在联系和资料总体的正态性。结果：指标变量经聚类变换后，资料总体更接近于正态分布。由于指标间存在多重共线，多元线性回归的效果不好。聚类分析将10个指标分为5类：胆红素类（TBIL、DBIL、IBIL）、白球蛋白类（ALB、GLB、A／G）、转氨酶类（ALT、AST）、转氨酶比值类（AST／AIT）、总蛋白类（TP）。聚类回归显示，各类指标预示病情程度的作用大小为：胆红紊类〉白、球蛋白类〉转氨酶类〉总蛋白类〉转氨酶比值类。在胆红素类中，TBIL的作用最大；在白、球蛋白类中，A／G的作用最大。结论：聚类回归能较好地处理非正态性资料和多重共线性。     

可行走分娩镇痛应用于潜伏期的临床研究

目的评价可行走分娩镇痛在潜伏期应用的临床效果。研究宫口开张不同大小应用分娩镇痛后的产程进展，对子宫收缩力的影响及新生儿Apgar评分情况。方法确认已临产无内科合并症的初产妇共75例，随机分为三组。Ⅰ组：宫口开张1cm左右；组：宫口开张2～3cm；Ⅲ组为正常对照组未采用分娩镇痛。观察镇痛起效时间、子宫收缩力的变化、总产程、产后出血量、分娩结局及新生儿Apgar评分。结果Ⅰ组与Ⅲ组比较总产程差异无统计学意义。Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组第一产程比较时间延长，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组比较子宫收缩力无明显降低，第一产程中Ⅰ组与Ⅲ组比较子宫收缩力显著降低，P（0．05，Ⅰ组催产素使用率为100％。三组间产后出血、新生儿Apgar评分各组间差异无统计学意义。结论舒芬太尼合并低浓度的罗哌卡因引导下无痛分娩，从潜伏期应用，有明显的分娩镇痛作用，不增加产后出血量，对新生儿的Apgar评分无影响。     

检测宫颈阴道分泌物中胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-1预测早产的价值

目的:探讨检测胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-1(IGFBP-1)能否用于预测早产。方法:应用快速免疫法检测218例孕妇宫颈阴道分泌物中高磷酸化GFBP-1的含量。结果:先兆早产组IGFBP-1的阳性率是62.0%,正常妊娠组IGFBP-1的阳性率是9.1%,两组结果比较,差异有显著性。先兆早产IGFBP-1的阳性组发生早产率是83.6%。结论:检测IGFBP-1可以作为预测早产的客观指标。