Evaluation of delta-aminolaevulinic acid excretion in random urine samples of children

Urinary delta-aminolaevulinic acid (-ALA) excretion was evaluated in random urine samples of 191 healthy children, aged 2–14 years, with blood lead levels <0.8 mol/l (mean ± SD: 0.34±0.13), erythrocyte zinc-protoporphyrin <70 mol/mol haem (mean ± SD: 50.4±8.0) and blood haemoglobin >6.8 mmol/l (mean ± SD: 8.2±0.5). It was found that uncorrected -ALA concentration and -ALA/creatinine ratio are age-dependent, whereas the ratio of -ALA/logarithm of creatinine concentration (mean ± SD: 55.3±13.5 mol/log mmol) is independent of age and sex. The authors recommend the use of this parameter for the assessment of -ALA excretion in random urine samples in children     

蓖麻油餐用于晚期妊娠引产118例分析

目的：观察蓖麻油餐用于晚期妊娠引产的疗效。方法：随机选择１１８例服用蓖麻油餐引产与同期１０６例催产素引产作对照,观察引产效果、产程、产后出血及新生儿评分。结果：观察组引产效率明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜００５）,剖宫产率明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜００５）,两组的产后出血和新生儿阿氏评分无显著性差异（Ｐ＞００５）。结论：蓖麻油引产优于催产素引产。     

大理地区正常人血清TT_3、TT_4水平

对比大理地区健康汉族人与白族人血清总三碘甲状腺原氨酸（ＴＴ３）、总甲状腺素（ＴＴ４）含量,建立本地区健康人ＴＴ３、ＴＴ４正常参考值。方法：对１００７例健康人（汉族６９１例,白族３１６例）进行血清ＴＴ３、ＴＴ４、ＲＩＡ检测。结果：健康汉族人与白族人血清ＴＴ３、ＴＴ４测定值相近,经统计学处理无显著性差异（Ｐ＞００５）;６０～７５岁年龄组的健康老年人血清ＴＴ３、ＴＴ４含量比其他年龄组明显降低（Ｐ＜００１）。结论：经检测得出的各年龄ＴＴ３、ＴＴ４水平,不论白族或汉族,男性或女性,均可作为正常参考值;６０岁以上健康老人ＴＴ３、ＴＴ４含量低于其他年龄是老年人正常的生理变化。     

晶氧和碳酸氢钠改善第二产程母血酸碱平衡

对９９ 例经阴道分娩的产妇于第二产程开始时给予鼻导管吸氧,静脉滴注碳酸氢钠、过氧化氢碳酸酰胺（ 晶氧） ,于第二产程始末两次采母桡动脉血行血气分析。结果显示：晶氧碳酸氢钠联用组（ Ⅰ组）于第二产程结束时其ｐＨ,ＢＥ,ＰＯ２ 及Ｏ２ｓａｔ均显著高于对照组（ Ⅲ组）（ Ｐ ＜ ０ ．０５ 和＜ ０ ．０１） ,而ＰＯ２ 及Ｏ２ｓａｔ则无统计学差异;Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组ｐＨ,ＰＯ２ 及Ｏ２ｓａｔ 值于第二产程末较开始时显著升高（ Ｐ ＜ ０ ．０５ 和＜ ０ ．０１） ,ＢＥ 在该产程始末无统计学差异;Ⅲ组上述４ 指标明显下降（ Ｐ ＜ ０ ．０５ 和＜ ０ ．０１） 。各组间及组内比较ＰＣＯ２ 均无明显变化。提示第二产程中常规给予纠酸,吸氧内给氧能有效地改善产妇过度消耗所致的酸中毒和缺氧倾向。     

人眼眩光失能测定及其临床意义

目的:观察国产仪器测定眩光失能的性能与规律,并讨论其临床意义。方法:采用MGT—1多功能视觉眩光测试仪(海军医学研究所研制),按规定方法操作。测定正常人30名56眼(矫正视力全部≥1.0,晶体透明,无其他明显眼病),晶体混浊患者15人27眼。测定目标亮度及眩光亮度设置为中—中及弱—中两档分别模拟白天及夜间眩光失能。结果:中—中状态下,眩光失能值正常人均值为9.22%(全距0～31),低于晶体混浊者(24.05%,全距9～67),两者差异显著。正常眼在弱—中状态眩光失能值较中—中状态明显(均值20.12%,全距0～56)。不同频率条件对正常及晶体混浊眼眩光失能的影响不同,低频及中频较高频区的影响明显。结论:作为视功能评论指标,眩光失能检查是一种实用方法。在眼科临床及人体工效学上具有重要的意义。     

Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome training from a union perspective.

The authors developed a union sponsored 2-day human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) "train the trainer" program for healthcare workers in the San Francisco Bay Area. The program incorporated the "education for action" approach in an effort to respond to the inadequacies in many traditional, institutional trainings. Service Employees International Union (SEIU) and Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP) conducted the HIV/AIDS "train the trainer" program for approximately 100 healthcare workers in county public hospitals and community health clinics. After completing the program, these workers went back to their healthcare facilities, or community organizations, and led additional classes on HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention for approximately 600 more people. The goal of the program was to empower healthcare workers to: 1) identify the occupational risks associated with exposure to blood and potentially infectious body fluids at the workplace; 2) develop strategies to reduce those risks; 3) discuss their feelings about caring for an HIV/AIDS patient; and, 4) conduct HIV/AIDS workshops at the workplace.     

Neurotransmitter markers in the cerebrospinal fluid of normal subjects effects of aging and other confounding factors

Summary We have investigated neurotransmitter-related markers of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in a carefully screened series of normally aging subjects in standardized conditions in order to find out the influence of age and other confounding factors on CSF measures. The levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyglycol (MHPG) and the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) also increased with age, while homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5 HIAA) and immunoreactivities of somatostatin (SLI), beta-endorphin (BLI) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were unrelated to age. The gender of subjects had no significant effect on the levels of neurotransmitter markers, while seasonal changes, as well as height and weight of the subjects seemed to cause some variations in the levels of HVA, dopamine--hydroxylase (DBH) and ACTH. The study underscores the importance of standardized conditions and matched patient groups in the CSF studies.     

Differentiation of normal pressure hydrocephalus and cerebral atrophy by computed tomography and spinal infusion test

Summary The diagnostic value of computed tomography (CT) and spinal infusion test (SIT) was investigated in 27 patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and 35 patients with cerebral atrophy. The most consistent CT finding of NPH was dilatation of the temporal horns, that of cerebral atrophy widening of the convexity sulci. However, 43% of patients with cerebral atrophy demonstrated no cortical atrophy. The SIT showed an excellent relation with isotope cisternography and continuous intracranial pressure recording. NPH and cerebral atrophy were correctly differentiated in 71% by CT and SIT. A normal SIT and a CT scan without the typical features of NPH exclude impairment of cerebrospinal fluid absorption. An abnormal SIT and a CT scan showing ventricular enlargement without dilatation of convexity sulci, require isotope cisternography and possibly intracranial pressure recording to determine the degree of the absorption deficit.

---

Zusammenfassung Der diagnostische Wert von Computertomographie (CT) und Spinalen Infusions-Test (SIT) wurde bei 27 Patienten mit Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH) und 35 Patienten mit zerebraler Atrophie untersucht. Der häufigste CT-Befund des NPH war Erweiterung der Temporalhörner und bei zerebraler Atrophie eine Erweiterung der Konvexitätssulci. Aber 43% der Patienten mit zerebraler Atrophie zeigte keine Rindenatrophie. Der SIT zeigte eine sehr gute Korrelation mit Isotopenzisternographie und kontinuierlicher intrakraniellen Druckmessung. NPH und zerebrale Atrophie wurden korrekt differenziert in 71% mittels CT und SIT. Ein normaler SIT und ein CT-Scan ohne die typischen Merkmale von NPH schließen Liquorrückresorptionsstörungen aus. Ein abnormer SIT und ein CT-Scan, der einen Hydrozephalus ohne Erweiterung der Konvexitätssulci zeigt, erfordern eine Isotopenzisternographie und eventuell intrakranielle Druckmessung zur Ermittlung des Grades der Liquorrückresorptionsstörung.

     

Dose-Volume Histograms for bladder and rectum

: A careful examination of the foundation upon which the concept of the Dose-Volume Histogram (DVH) is built, and the implications of this set of parameters on the clinical application and interpretation of the DVH concept has not been conducted since the introduction of DVHs as a tool for the quantitative evaluation of treatment plans. The purpose of the work presented herein is to illustrate problems with current methods of implementing and interpreting DVHs when applied to hollow anatomic structures such as the bladder and rectum.

: A typical treatment plan for external beam irradiation of a patient with prostate cancer was chosen to provide a data set from which DVH curves for both the bladder and rectum were calculated. The two organs share the property of being shells with contents that are of no clinical importance. DVHs for both organs were computed using a solid model and using a shell model. Typical treatment plans for prostate cancer were used to generate DVH curves for both models. The Normal Tissue Complication Probability (NTCP) for these organs is discussed in this context.

: For an eight-field conformal treatment plan of the prostate, a bladder DVH curve generated using the shell model is higher than the corresponding curve generated using the solid model. The shell model also has a higher NTCP. A six-field conformal treatment plan slo results in a higher DVH curve for the shell model. A treatment plan consisting of bilateral 120-degree arcs, results in a higher DVH curve for the shell model, as well as a higher NTCP.

: The DVH concept currently used in evaluation of treatment plans is problematic because current practices of defining exactly what constitutes “bladder” and “rectum.” Commonly used methods of tracing the bladder and rectum imply use of a solid structure model for DVHs. In reality, these organs are shells and the critical structure associated with NTCP is obviously and indisputably the shell, as opposed to its contents. Treatment planning algorithms for DVH computation should thus be modified to utilize the shell model for these organs.     

国人（195例）重心动摇计检查正常值的测定

目的：为测得正常中国人重心动摇检查各项正常值。方法：１９５例无晕与平衡障碍的人行重心动摇检查，得到各项测试值，结果：与日本学会标准比较，睁眼与闭眼外周面积值各年龄组无益氏于日本学会标准，其余各项数值相仿。结论；国人重心动摇应参照中国人的正常值。