高压氧治疗小儿病毒性脑炎肢体运动障碍42例疗效分析

目的观察高压氧综合治疗对小儿病毒性脑炎肢体运动障碍恢复的临床效果。方法将82例小儿病毒性脑炎肢体运动障碍患儿随机分为治疗组42例和对照组40例,进行比较观察。采用Fugl—Meye积分评价运动功能,Ashworth痉挛等级评价肌痉挛。结果治疗组有效率95．2％,对照组有效率67．5％,两组疗效差异有统计学意义,治疗组治疗后患儿肢体运动障碍恢复率明显提高。结论高压氧综合治疗对小儿病毒性脑炎肢体运动障碍恢复疗效优于单纯药物治疗。     

Beclomethasone dipropionate nasal spray in children

Summary

Twenty children with extrinsic perennial allergic rhinitis were treated with inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate, 50 μg into each nostril 4-times daily, for a period of 6 weeks. No change in rhinorrhoea, itching and sneezing was observed after provocation testing but there was a reduction in the swelling and size of turbinates (p<0.005). The daily subjective symptom scores (p<0.01), total eosinophil counts (p<0.03) and serum IgE levels (p<0.04) had significantly decreased after treatment. It is suggested that inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate has a useful role in the management of children with perennial allergic rhinitis.     

小儿毒蛇咬伤49例

目的总结小儿毒蛇咬伤的综合防治措施。方法对1997年1月-2006年12月收治49例毒蛇咬伤患儿，记录性别、年龄、居住地、受伤及就诊时间、受伤部位、受伤后的局部症状及全身情况、治疗过程及预后，并进行综合分析。结果小儿蛇咬伤病例集中于夏秋湿热季节，乡村小儿发生率多见（占81．6％），从发生至来院时间平均38．4h，93．9％未看见毒蛇或不能描述毒蛇的特征。按照Downey系统分类，3、4级重型伤员所占比重较大（占59．2％）。蛇咬伤局部可出现肿胀、疼痛、瘀斑、伤口感染、局部坏死伴组织缺失、骨筋膜室综合征等表现，亦可导致器官功能损害等并发症；均行针对性的综合治疗，无死亡病例。结论加强预防知识教育、早期诊断和综合对症处理可有效降低小儿蛇伤后病死率和病残率。     

听障儿童声母音位对比识别康复训练内容的编制研究

目的 设计一套科学、系统、可操作的声母音位对比康复训练内容.方法 本实验选取26名听障儿童进行测试,筛选符合听障儿童声母音位对比识别发展规律的康复内容.结果 研究将康复训练内容分为强化内容和拓展内容.经筛选,各强化内容难度适中,通过率均高于90%.结论 本研究制订的康复训练内容共包括87对音位对,312对强化内容,单音节词语316个,拓展短句106句.其中,强化内容占常用声韵组合的62%,韵母的出现频率与<声学手册>中所统计的汉语语音韵母的出现频率基本一致.     

One-stage vs. two-stage adjustable sutures for the correction of esotropia

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability and the level of postoperative consciousness, nausea and vomiting, ocular pain, starting oral intake and activity, and cost-effectiveness in patients undergoing medial rectus recession surgery using an adjustable suture technique that was performed by two different methods. METHOD In this prospective study, we evaluated 78 patients undergoing medial rectus recession surgery. Thirty-eight patients were operated by a one-stage technique in which the whole operation was done under topical anesthesia and adjustment was done on the operating table, while 40 patients were operated by a two-stage technique in which the operation was done under general anesthesia and adjustment was done the following day at the patient’s bedside. The results were recorded and compared according to the parameters given above. A scoring system was used to assess all these parameters except for stability. The stability of the procedures was evaluated according to the degrees of squint immediately after the adjustment and at least three months thereafter. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the procedures with regard to stability and ocular pain. During the early postoperative period, the level of consciousness was better and nausea and vomiting occurred less frequently in the patients operated by the one-stage procedure. Postoperative activity and oral intake returned to normal status more quickly in the one-stage group and the one-stage procedure was cost-effective. CONCLUSION We conclude that although both procedures provide satisfactory and stable results, the one-stage procedure has significant advantages over the two-stage procedure for medial rectus recession surgery in suitable cases.     

Cardiac catheterization in children with pulmonary arterial hypertension

Cardiac catheterization of childhood pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is used to assess the severity of the disease as well as prognosis, selection of the most adequate pulmonary vasodilators, and evaluation of effectiveness. Sudden deterioration of cardiovascular hemodynamics, however, can be easily induced by pain, patient agitation, catheter manipulation, and by vasodilator provocation tests; these could trigger a pulmonary hypertension crisis, vagotony, respiratory distress, and hemoptysis resulting in critical complications, including death. Those patients with New York Heart Association functional class IV are at an especially high risk. It is noteworthy that pulmonary arteriography is a contraindication in patients with PAH. In a review of 7218 adult patients, 76 (1.1%) serious complications, including four deaths, were reported; with regard to the pediatric patients, 29 (10.7%) out of 270 patients with complications, including one with cardiogenic shock requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation in addition to minor complications, were reported. To prevent serious complications, basic and routine precautions, such as oxygen and concomitant transcutaneous oxygen saturation and electrocardiogram monitoring during transportation to and from the catheter laboratory, are mandatory. Furthermore, the cooperation of experienced physicians and well informed medical staff in addition to meticulous preparation, for example, calculation of prior doses of catecholamine and confirmation of the presence of emergency equipment, is required.