Clinical Session Evaluation:

The purpose of the study was to establish whether clinical supervisors tend to agree or disagree in their evaluations of an individual clinical session, depending on whether or not they are familiar with the supemisee. Twelve supervisors with similar training and experience, all holding certificationby the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, were divided equally among three training institutions in three states. The supervisors independently evaluated the same videotaped therapy session with two evaluation forms. The supervisors in the three settines differed in their ratines of the session. with those who were familiar with the supervisee giving significantly more favorable evaluations. Implications for speech-language phathol- ogy supervision and research are discussed.     

Standing on the shoulders of giants: Understanding calcium and vitamin D requirements

The quote by Sir Isaac Newton, ‘If I have seen further it is by standing on ye sholders of Giants’ was the theme of the British Nutrition Foundation (BNF) Annual Lecture 2012. Illustrations of the seminal contributions of six ‘giants’ of nutrition science, chosen because of their links to the BNF and to vitamin and mineral research in Cambridge, were used to give a historical context to recent studies and controversies on calcium and vitamin D requirements, particularly focusing on rickets and maternal and child nutrition.     

Disulfiram and Serum Enzymes

In 29 men and 27 women determinations of static lung volumes were performed by using a combined body plethysmographic and pneumotachographic technique. It is concluded that, except for FRC, earlier prediction equations given by Grimby &; Söderholm (5) in 1963 are still valid when the measurements are done using the present technique.     

Hepatitis B virus infection in children

For two decades, hepatitis B vaccine has been integrated into national routine childhood vaccination programs in almost all countries. The prevalence of HBsAg has decreased in children worldwide. However, there are children who miss the benefit of hepatitis B vaccine in some regions and countries. Long-term follow-up studies have revealed the clinical outcomes of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in children. A small percentage of chronically infected children develop liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, it is controversial who should be treated and when antiviral treatment should be initiated in children. Compared with adult studies, the data are insufficient to evaluate the pathogenesis of hepatitis B infection and the efficacy of antiviral treatment in childhood. New antiviral drugs have been approved for children and adults. Also, oral antiviral drugs are administered to pregnant women to reduce the hepatitis B virus mother-to-child transmission rate.     

正常新生儿血、尿肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白浓度的探讨

目的 探讨正常新生儿血、尿肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白(intestinal fatty acid binding protin,I-FABP)跟性别、胎龄、出生史等的关系,了解血、尿中的相关性.方法 收集云南省第一人民医院2012年12月至2013年4月NICU收治的没有感染、窒息病史的早产儿100例及同期出生的正常足月儿100例为实验对象,出生后24 h内采外周静脉血2 mL及用无菌管收集尿液2 mL,离心,收上清液,-60℃冰箱保存,统一检测.用ELASA方法测定血及尿液中IFABP的浓度.结果 新生儿血、尿中I-FABP在性别、胎龄、出生史进行比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).血、尿中I-FABP有相关性,Spearman相关系数为0.489 (P＜0.05).结论 血、尿中I-FABP浓度与新生儿胎龄、性别、出生史、单胎、多胎等因素无关.血尿中IFABP浓度有相关性,血标本因易导致医源性贫血及依从性差,而尿液I-FABP的检测采集方便、成本低、病人痛苦少等特点,临床上可以用尿液替代血液进行检测.     

2010～2014年度怀化市5岁以下儿童死亡监测分析及干预措施

目的 :通过分析近5年怀化市0~4岁儿童死亡监测中儿童死亡率的变化趋势及主要死因构成,为政府制定进一步降低5岁以下儿童死亡率措施提供科学依据。结果 :5年来,监测地区5岁以下儿童死亡率呈逐年下降趋势。主要死亡原因按顺位依次为早产和低出生体重、肺炎、先天性心脏病、出生窒息、其他先天异常、意外窒息、交通意外和溺水等8种因素。新生儿死亡前5位死因依次为早产和低出生体重、出生窒息、肺炎、先天性心脏病和其他先天异常等。死前接受住院治疗的儿童呈现明显上升趋势。结论 :采取多种措施,减少新生儿死亡是降低怀化市5岁以下儿童死亡率的关键。另外,加大儿童疾病综合管理技术在基层医疗机构的推广应用;减少出生缺陷;加强宣传教育,降低意外的发生;均可有效的减少5岁以下儿童死亡。     

高频振荡呼吸机治疗新生儿呼吸衰竭的临床疗效

目的：分析探讨高频振荡呼吸机治疗新生儿呼吸衰竭的临床效果。方法2010年1月—2015年1月期间,该院共接收呼吸衰竭的新生儿52例,选择此52例患儿作为此次试验的临床研究对象,并以随机数字表法为分组依据将其平均分配为对照组以及试验组,对照组26例患儿接受常频机械通气呼吸机治疗,试验组患儿则接受高频振荡通气呼吸机治疗,治疗后比较两组患儿的PH、PCO、PO、FiO四项指标水平以及两组患者在治疗时间、住院时间、上机花费上是否存在差异。结果两组患儿经过合理的治疗以及悉心护理后,全部存活出院,但在上机治疗1 d后PCO、PO、FiO三项指标水平上对照组患儿明显不及试验组;且对照组患儿上机治疗时间为（127.5±32.10） h,试验组患儿上机治疗时间为（89.3±13.34） h;另外,在住院时间以及上机花费上,对照组也明显高于试验组,以上各项数据的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论应用高频振荡呼吸机治疗新生儿的呼吸衰竭,可以使患儿呼吸功能得到明显改善,节省治疗、住院时间以及治疗费用。     

不同剂量丙泊酚预防小儿术后躁动的效果和安全性分析

目的：探讨不同剂量丙泊酚对预防小儿术后躁动的影响。方法选择2012年9月至2013年6月在泸州医学院附属中医院择期行斜疝修补术的小儿60例,分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ3组,3组患儿均采用七氟醚进行全身麻醉,术后分别采用0．10 mL／kg 的0．90％氯化钠注射液静脉注射、1．00 mg／kg 丙泊酚静脉注射1次和1．00 mg／kg 丙泊酚静脉注射2次,比较 3组患儿术后30 min 内躁动的发生率,并对患儿进行麻醉苏醒烦躁评分、Aldrete 改良评分和苏醒时间及出室时间比较。结果Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组患儿30 min 内躁动发生率分别为65．00％、25．00％及15．00％,3组患儿比较差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）;3组患儿在麻醉苏醒烦躁评分、Aldrete 改良评分和苏醒时间比较,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）,3组患儿出室时间比较,差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）。结论术后采用1．00 mg／kg 丙泊酚静脉注射2次,预防小儿术后躁动效果明显,安全性好,具有重要的临床参考价值。