Endoscopic ultrasonography allowing expectant management of pancreatic haemangioma

Pancreatic haemangiomas are rare benign tumours that can affect both adults and children. They have an unknown incidence and only 15 adult cases have been reported, all from histological examination. Patients present with vague symptoms relating to tumour mass or they are detected incidentally. Cross-sectional imaging is the mainstay of investigation and may reveal arterially enhancing cystic lesions but in the case presented here, it was non-diagnostic. The use of endoscopic ultrasonography confirmed the nature of the benign lesion, allowing a conservative approach as opposed to operative resection.     

乳晕边缘切口在乳腺纤维瘤手术中的应用

目的 研究乳腺纤维瘤（距乳晕边缘＞3.0 cm）采用乳晕边缘切口的可行性.方法 把220例乳腺纤维瘤（距乳晕边缘＞3.0 cm）患者,分为采用乳晕边缘切口的实验组（120例）和采用传统开放手术切口的对照组（100例）.随访时记录两组患者术后3个月时的疤痕大小、以后能否哺乳、术后血肿或瘀斑大小等.用SPSS 13.0软件包,采用χ2 检验,进行统计学处理.结果 所有切口均甲级愈合,术后6～7 d 拆线.对照组切口瘢痕≤0.2 cm 20例（20%,20/100）,实验组乳晕边缘切口瘢痕≤0.2 cm 90例（75%,90/120）,两组之间差异有统计学意义（χ2=66.00,P=0.00）.乳腺纤维瘤患者采用乳晕边缘切口可使瘢痕减少,但不能哺乳的发生率、血肿或瘀斑大小与传统切口相似.结论 对乳腺纤维瘤（距乳晕边缘＞3.0 cm）手术采用乳晕边缘切口是安全可行的,能取得治疗及美容的双重效果.     

SOX1 inhibits breast cancer cell growth and invasion through suppressing the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway

Abnormal activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway is common in human cancers. Several studies have demonstrated that SRY (sex‐determining region Y)‐box (SOX) family genes serve as either tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes by regulating the Wnt signaling pathway in different cancers. However, the role of SOX1 in breast cancer and the underlying mechanism is still unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the effect and mechanism of SOX1 on the breasted cancer cell growth and invasion. In this study, we established overexpressed SOX1 and investigated its function by in vitro experiments. SOX1 was down‐regulated in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of SOX1 inhibited cell proliferation and invasion in vitro, and it promoted cell apoptosis. Furthermore, SOX1 inhibited the expression of β‐catenin, cyclin D1, and c‐Myc in breast cancer cells. Taken together, these data suggest that SOX1 can function as a tumor suppressor partly by interfering with Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in breast cancer.     

Advances in oncologic imaging

Imaging has become a pivotal component throughout a patient's encounter with cancer, from initial disease detection and characterization through treatment response assessment and posttreatment follow‐up. Recent progress in imaging technology has presented new opportunities for improving clinical care. This article provides updates on the latest approaches to imaging of 5 common cancers: breast, lung, prostate, and colorectal cancers, and lymphoma. CA Cancer J Clin 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.     

主动靶向型载奥拉帕尼PEI-PLGA纳米粒的制备表征及抗三阴乳腺癌研究

目的 构建具有肿瘤细胞特异靶向性的纳米给药系统,研究该纳米粒的体外抗三阴乳腺癌作用。方法 采用乳化扩散溶剂挥发法制备包载奥拉帕尼的聚乙烯亚胺-聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PEI-PLGA)纳米粒,进一步用透明质酸修饰,制备靶向载药纳米粒。采用激光粒度仪和透射电镜对纳米粒的形态、粒径大小、电位及分布情况进行表征。CCK-8法检测纳米粒对MDA-MB-231细胞的毒性作用,通过共聚焦显微镜观察细胞对目标纳米粒的靶向摄取,生物透射电镜观察细胞内部形态变化分析凋亡情况。结果 成功制备奥拉帕尼靶向载药纳米粒(HA-Ola-PPNPs),粒径为(166.2±0.842) nm,大小分布均匀,呈圆形或椭圆形,稳定性良好;奥拉帕尼包载于PEI-PLGA纳米粒中能够起到药物缓释作用;CCK-8实验结果显示纳米粒组均呈现出时间依赖和剂量依赖性细胞毒性,且HA-Ola-PPNPs对癌细胞具有更强的杀伤作用;激光共聚焦结果说明了HA与CD44受体的主动靶向结合可以显著提高MDA-MB-231细胞对目标纳米粒的摄取;生物透射电镜观察显示HA-Ola-PPNPs能够有效诱导MDA-MB-231细胞发生凋亡。结论 本研究成功制备了具有CD44受体特异性靶向的载药纳米粒,为三阴乳腺癌的临床治疗提供一种新策略。     

Apocrine Metaplasia Found at MR Biopsy: Is There Something to be Learned?

The purpose of this study was to determine (a) the frequency of apocrine metaplasia (ApoM) found on MR core biopsy of suspicious findings, and (b) to determine if there are specific MR imaging features that might obviate the need for biopsy. This HIPAA‐compliant retrospective study was performed under IRB exemption for quality assurance studies. Patient demographics, MR imaging features, and pathology were reviewed. Breast lesions which underwent MR‐guided biopsy, yielding ApoM on pathology analysis were included. Retrospective review of MR imaging features of these lesions was performed by two radiologists blinded to pathology results except for the presence of ApoM. Imaging features on MR assessed included location, size, morphology, T1 and T2 signals, and enhancement kinetics. Full pathology results were subsequently reviewed during data analysis. The pathology slides and imaging was subsequently reviewed by two fellowship trained radiologists and a breast pathologist to categorize the finding of ApoM into target lesion (imaging corresponds to size of lesion on pathology) versus incidental lesion. Target lesion characteristics were assessed to determine specific MRI features of ApoM. Between January 2011 to November 2012, 155 distinct breast lesions suspicious for malignancy successfully underwent MR‐guided biopsy. Of the 155 lesions biopsied, 123 (79%) were benign and 32 (21%) were malignant. Of the 123 benign biopsies, ApoM was found in 57 (46%), of which 35 (61%) had no associated atypia and 22 (39%) had associated atypia. Of the 32 malignant biopsies, three (9%) had associated ApoM (DCIS in two cases and DCIS/LCIS in one case). Of the 60 cases with ApoM, only 11 (18.3%) were target lesions and 49 were incidental lesions (81.7%). Of the 60 cases with ApoM, 35 (58%) were masses (average size 0.8 cm for both with or without atypia) and 25 (42%) were nonmass enhancement (NME) (average size 2.1 cm with and 1.0 cm without atypia). Only five (14%) of 35 masses demonstrated spiculated margins, of which four were associated with atypia (80%). Of 22 lesions with atypia or other high‐risk lesion, 14 (64%) were masses, most commonly with irregular margins (64%). Of the 12 T2 hyperintense lesions, only two (1.7)% had associated atypia or high‐risk lesion, and none were associated with malignancy. Of the 11 target lesions, seven were T2 hyperintense. Enhancement kinetics were variable: 30 (50%) showed mixed persistent and plateau kinetics, eight (13%) persistent delayed enhancement, 10 (17%) plateau kinetics, four (7%) washout kinetics, and eight (13%) were below threshold for kinetic analysis. ApoM is a common benign pathologic result at MR‐guided core biopsy for both masses and NME accounting for 39% of all biopsy results in this series. Although there is considerable variability in imaging characteristics on MR, our results suggest biopsy may be safely obviated for lesions that are subcentimeter T2 hyperintense areas of NME and short term follow‐up imaging may be a reasonable alternative for these lesions.