Measles,rubella, mumps and Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in saliva of vaccinated students of schools and universities in São Paulo City,Brazil

IntroductionVaccines are well-established public health interventions with major impact on the prevalence of infectious diseases, but outbreaks are occurring frequently due to primary and secondary failures, despite high coverage. Surveillance of efficacy and duration of induced immunity is a difficult task as it requires invasive blood sampling in children and teenagers. Saliva can be an acceptable alternative source of IgG to assess vaccine efficacy and toxoplasmosis incidence. We investigated IgG response for measles, mumps, rubella, and T. gondii in saliva samples of vaccinated young people.MethodsSaliva was collected from 249 public schools students from São Paulo, Brazil, aged 7 to 13 years old, during an interactive exhibition on hygiene. We used S. aureus protein A solid phase capture assay for IgG reactive to biotinylated purified proteins. Paired saliva and serum (47) were tested from young adults with serum evidence of T. gondii infection and from negative children less than 12 month old for standardization. Reproducibility was greater than 98% and sensitivity and specificity of the saliva assays were greater than 95%, as well as the concordance of paired saliva and serum samples.ResultsSaliva from high school students showed a prevalence of 8.5% (95% CI: 5.0–11.9%) for anti T. gondii IgG; 96.8% (94.6–99%) of anti-measles IgG; 59.1% (53–65%) of anti-rubella IgG, and 57.5% (51.3–63.6%) of anti-mumps IgG.DiscussionThe prevalence of antibodies against mumps and rubella after 6–8 years of vaccination was lower than against measles among students. The findings of this study demonstrate the feasibility of saliva sampling for follow-up of vaccine immune status in teenagers. This useful approach allows for IgG detection for vaccine control or epidemiological studies.     

ICU无创正压通气治疗急性左心衰竭的疗效观察

目的：探讨无创正压通气治疗急性左心衰竭的效果。方法选取急性左心衰竭患者64例,随机分为观察组（32例）和对照组（32例）。对照组给予吸氧、强心、利尿、扩血等常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗的同时应用无创正压通气治疗,观察两组治疗前、治疗后24 h及72 h心率、呼吸、血压、血氧饱和度变化情况及心功能改善情况。结果观察组治疗后24 h后的总有效率为93．75％,高于对照组的71．87％,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）,观察组治疗72 h后PaO2、PaCO2、pH、BNP 明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．01）。结论无创正压通气配合常规治疗能明显改善急性左心衰竭患者的症状,挽救患者的生命。     

非侵袭性真菌性上颌窦炎患者CT影像学与临床特征的关系

目的探讨分析非侵袭性真菌性上颌窦炎患者CT影像学与临床特征的关系。方法选取我院2017年1月-2018年1月收治的55例诊断为非侵袭性真菌性上颌窦炎患者为研究组,另选取同期于我院体检的未患鼻窦炎者50例作为对照组,两组均行CT扫描检查,比较两组鼻腔变异情况、鼻中隔偏曲情况及中鼻甲结构异常情况,观察研究组中合并有鼻息肉、筛窦炎症情况。结果研究组的鼻中隔偏曲、中鼻甲结构异常、钩突肥大、下鼻甲肥大、上颌窦内壁粘膜增厚及骨质改变人数比例显著高于对照组(P<0.05);研究组的高位偏曲检出率(93.75%)显著高于对照组(66.67%)(P<0.05);两组中鼻甲结构异常情况比较具有显著差异(P<0.05),研究组的中鼻甲肥大及泡状中鼻甲人数比例显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论非侵袭性真菌性上颌窦炎具有特异性的CT影像学表现,其对该病的临床特征具有典型的辨别作用,具有明确的诊断价值。     

自拟化痰祛瘀方联合无创呼吸机治疗OSAHS合并COPD急性加重伴肺性脑病疗效观察

目的 观察使用自拟化痰祛瘀方联合无创呼吸机治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)急性加重伴肺性脑病的临床疗效。方法 选择2018年6月～2019年2月本院收治的60例西医诊断明确的OSAHS合并COPD急性加重伴肺性脑病患者,中医辨证为痰瘀互结,使用随机数字表法将患者随机分为两组,对照组和试验组各30例。对照组使用西医常规治疗联合无创呼吸机治疗,试验组使用西医常规治疗联合无创呼吸机,同时服用化痰祛瘀方治疗,疗程为15 d。观察并比较两组患者睡眠监测指标、血气分析指标和治疗效果情况。结果 经治疗后两组患者的呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、夜间睡眠时最低血氧饱和度(LSaO2)以及血氧饱和度低于90%时间所占总睡眠时间百分比,治疗后血气分析中的二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)、氧分压(PaO2)、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、肺性脑病均有明显改善,且试验组改善优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 中药化痰祛瘀联合无创呼吸机治疗可显著改善OSAHS合并COPD急性加重的临床症状,改善呼吸衰竭,有效治疗肺性脑病。     

Continuous positive airway pressure and noninvasive ventilation adherence in children

BackgroundAdherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is crucial for the successful treatment of sleep-disordered breathing. The aim of our study was to analyze the adherence of children to long-term home CPAP/NIV treatment.MethodsWe analyzed data from all consecutive patients older than the age of 2 years, in whom CPAP/NIV treatment was initiated in a specialized pediatric NIV and in those who were receiving CPAP/NIV treatment at home for at least 1 month. Data of the memory cards of the ventilators and nocturnal gas exchange were analyzed during a routine CPAP/NIV overnight control in the hospital. CPAP/NIV adherence during the previous month was analyzed according to patient’s age, ventilatory mode, type of interface, nocturnal gas exchange, and duration of treatment.ResultsThe data of 62 children (mean age, 10 ± 5 years) with obstructive sleep apnea (n = 51) treated with CPAP and neuromuscular disease (n = 6) or lung diseases (n = 5) treated with NIV were analyzed. Mean adherence was 8:17 ± 2:30 h:min per night, and the results did not significantly differ between CPAP and NIV adherence. Seventy-two percent of the patients used their device >8 h per night. The mean number of nights of CPAP/NIV use during the last month was 26 ± 5 nights per month. Treatment adherence was not correlated to age, the type of underlying disease, the type of interface (nasal, facial mask, or nasal cannula), nocturnal gas exchange, and duration of CPAP/NIV treatment.ConclusionLong-term CPAP/NIV adherence at home was extremely high in this group of children followed in a pediatric NIV unit. This finding may explain the lack of effect of the interface, nocturnal gas exchange, and duration of CPAP/NIV treatment.     

舒利迭联合无创正压通气治疗对AECOPD合并呼吸衰竭患者的预后

目的探讨舒利迭联合无创正压通气治疗对AECOPD合并呼吸衰竭患者预后的影响。方法将126例AECOPD患者随机分入对照组与观察组,给予60例对照组患者常规治疗,66例观察组患者接受舒利迭联合无创正压通气治疗。比较两组患者住院期间死亡率、插管率、住院时间及治疗前后血气分析指标的改变。结果观察组住院期间死亡率、插管率及住院时间显著少于对照组(P<0.05);观察组治疗后24 h及72 h血气分析指标pH、PaO2及PaCO2显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论舒利迭联合无创正压通气治疗可显著改善AECOPD合并呼吸衰竭患者血气分析指标,减少患者死亡率和住院时间,改善预后。     

无创血流动力学监测在肾移植受者中的应用及护理

肾移植是目前治疗终末期肾病的主要方法,但慢性肾功能衰竭患者大多病程较长,全身情况较差,多数合并心脏扩大、左心室壁肥厚、心功能不全等心脏结构及功能异常的表现,且随时间的推移而加重［1］。因此,肾移植术后应用血流动力学监测及时评估受者心、肾功能并指导补液十分重要,还可为术后尿量异常受者补液提供数据支持。山西省第二人民医院肾移植透析中心自2013年4月以来应用Dash 3000无创血流动力学监测系统（美国GE 公司）监测肾移植受者术后早期的血流动力学变化,在预防心血管事件的发生和指导补液方面取得较好的效果,现报道如下。     

无创产前检测技术筛查胎儿性染色体非整倍体的临床价值

目的探讨无创产前检测(NIPT)在胎儿性染色体非整倍体(SCA)筛查中的临床价值。方法选择2018年4月至2019年9月,在徐州市妇幼保健院进行NIPT筛查的7144例单胎妊娠孕妇为研究对象。采集孕妇外周血5 mL进行全基因组大规模平行测序,预测发生胎儿SCA的风险值。再对NIPT提示胎儿SCA孕妇,进一步进行羊水穿刺术产前诊断。本研究遵循的程序符合徐州市妇幼保健院伦理委员会所制定的伦理学标准,并得到批准[审批文号:〔2019〕伦审第(05号)]。本研究与受试对象均签署知情同意书。结果①7144例孕妇中,NIPT提示胎儿SCA为27例(0.4%,27/7144)。胎儿SCA的27例胎儿中,13例(48.1%,13/27)胎儿染色体核型为45,X;6例(22.2%,6/27)为47,XXX;5例(18.5%,5/27)为47,XYY;3例(11.1%,3/27)为47,XXY。②对NIPT提示胎儿SCA的27例孕妇中,21例进一步进行羊水穿刺术胎儿染色体核型分析发现,12例无异常,其余9例的结果与NIPT结果相符,SCA阳性预测值为42.8%(9/21)。胎儿染色体核型异常的9例胎儿中,3例胎儿染色体核型为47,XXX;3例为47,XYY;2例为47,XXY;1例为45,X。③由于NIPT结果异常进一步进行羊水穿刺术结果亦异常的9例胎儿45,X,47,XXX,47,XXY和47,XYY阳性预测值分别为10.0%(1/10),75.0%(3/4),67.0%(2/3)和75.0%(3/4),假阳性率分别为90.0%(9/10),25.0%(1/4),33.0%(1/3)和25.0%(1/4)。④NIPT结果显示胎儿染色体核型为47,XNN者进一步行羊水穿刺术后提示真阳性者父母中位年龄均为37岁,高于假阳性者父母(30岁)。结论NIPT在筛查胎儿SCA方面具有较好的应用价值,但是假阳性率较高,仍需进一步进行产前诊断以确诊。     

Development and comprehensive evaluation of a noninvasive prenatal paternity testing method through a scaled trial

PurposeTo eliminate the miscarriage risks caused by traditional invasive sampling methods, we develop a noninvasive prenatal paternity testing (NIPPT) method and evaluate its efficiency, reliability and sensitivity based on a scaled trial.MethodsWe use maternal cell-free DNA and massive parallel sequencing to obtain NIPPT genotypes for parents and fetuses based on quality-controlled genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In a preliminary testing, data from 14 pregnant women and 7 negative controls are used for setting threshold of fetal genotyping in reference to postpartum children. After that, those from 349 cases with pregnancies of 6–35 gestational weeks (GW) and 9 negative controls from non-pregnant women who have fertility experience previously are in-depth evaluated.ResultsIn all cases, the biological fathers have been successfully identified from unrelated with a combined paternity index (CPI) of 3.58 × 10¹⁸ – 1.46 × 10¹⁶⁵ for the cases versus 1.52 × 10⁻²² – 2.30 × 10^-839 for the controls. For negative controls, fetal SNPs originating from previous pregnancies could not be detected. Our NIPPT results completely aligned with the invasive prenatal test results using PCR-CE STR methods.ConclusionNIPPT can be applied to determine paternity accurately from 6 weeks after conception until birth and may serve as an alternative prenatal paternity test advantageous to the currently-used methods.     

右美托咪定联合布托啡诺用于无创正压通气患者的镇静镇痛效果

目的:观察右美托咪定联合布托啡诺用于无创正压通气患者的镇静镇痛效果。方法:选择2014年10月至2015年10月成都大学附属医院重症监护病房收治的无创正压通气患者80例,按随机数字表法分为试验组与对照组。对照组给予右美托咪定4μg/m L,以0.1~0.2μg·kg-1·h-1静脉泵注。试验组在对照组基础上给予200 mg/L的布托啡诺以0.01μg·kg-1·h-1静脉泵注。两组均持续镇静达到Ramsay评分3~5分。观察两组患者治疗前后心率(HR)、呼吸频率(RR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、动脉血氧分压(Pa O2)的变化,记录药物起效时间,比较两组患者右美托咪定用量、气管插管率、不良事件发生率。结果:两组治疗后的HR、MAP、RR均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05);Pa O2较治疗前明显升高(P<0.05);试验组HR、MAP、RR改善程度优于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组达到Ramsay评分3~4分的起效时间,较对照组明显缩短(45.37±5.17 vs.76.24±11.82,P<0.05);试验组右美托咪定用量少于对照组(223±24.17 vs.257±18.09,P<0.05)。患者气管插管率、不良反应发生率,试验组均低于对照组(12.5%vs.25%;10%vs.17.5%,P<0.05)。结论:右美托咪定联合布托啡诺应用于无创正压通气患者镇静镇痛,可减少右美托咪定用量,减少不良反应,同时改善通气效果,改善临床疗效。