BiPAP联合布地奈德在重症哮喘合并呼吸衰竭急诊抢救治疗中的有效性观察

目的探讨BiPAP联合布地奈德用于重症哮喘合并呼吸衰竭急诊抢救治疗的有效性。方法收集2017年10月～2019年10月期间来我院急诊科进行治疗的重症哮喘合并呼吸衰竭疾病患者91例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为两组,对照组45例,观察组46例,两组均给予常规治疗,对照组在常规治疗的基础上用BiPAP无创呼吸机治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上给予雾化吸入布地奈德治疗,比较两组临床疗效、肺功能指标、生命体征、血气指标。结果观察组总有效率为93.48%,与对照组比较,总有效率更高,两组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后两组PEF、FEV1、FVC各指标水平均较治疗前有明显升高,且观察组升高程度高于同期对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后两组呼吸频率、心率、动脉二氧化碳分压各指标水平均较治疗前有明显降低,而动脉血氧分压较治疗前明显升高,且观察组改善程度高于同期对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 BiPAP无创呼吸机辅助治疗基础上给予雾化吸入布地奈德用于急诊治疗重症哮喘合并呼吸衰竭临床效果显著,可有效改善患者的临床症状,促进生命体征趋于平稳,改善患者的肺功能,促进血气指标达到正常水平,有利于改善患者的预后。     

Oxigenoterapia de alto flujo con cánula nasal en el tratamiento de la bronquiolitis aguda en neonatos

ObjectiveTo determine whether the availability of heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy was associated with a decrease in need for mechanical ventilation in neonates hospitalised with acute bronchiolitis.MethodsA combined retrospective and prospective (ambispective) cohort study was performed in a type II-B Neonatal Unit, including hospitalised neonates with acute bronchiolitis after the introduction of HFNC (HFNC-period; October 2011-April 2015). They were compared with a historical cohort prior to the availability of this technique (pre-HFNC; January 2008-May 2011). The need for mechanical ventilation between the two study groups was analysed. Clinical parameters and technique-related complications were evaluated in neonates treated with HFNC.ResultsA total of 112 neonates were included, 56 after the introduction of HFNC and 56 from the period before the introduction of HFNC. None of patients in the HFNC-period required intubation, compared with 3.6% of the patients in the pre-HFNC group. The availability of HFNC resulted in a significant decrease in the need for non-invasive mechanical ventilation (30.4% vs 10.7%; P = .01), with a relative risk (RR) of .353 (95% CI; .150-.829), an absolute risk reduction (ARR) of 19.6% (95% CI; 5.13 - 34.2), yielding a NNT of 5. In the HFNC-period, 22 patients received high flow therapy, and 22.7% (95% CI; 7.8 to 45.4) required non-invasive ventilation. Treatment with HFNC was associated with a significant decrease in heart rate (P = .03), respiratory rate (P = .01), and an improvement in the Wood-Downes Férres score (P = .00). No adverse effects were observed.ConclusionsThe availability of HFNC reduces the need for non-invasive mechanical ventilation, allowing a safe and effective medical management of neonates with acute bronchiolitis.     

FibroScan联合多种预测模型预测肝硬化患者食管静脉曲张程度应用价值探讨

目的 探讨应用FibroScan和其他指标评判肝硬化患者食管静脉曲张(EV)程度的临床价值。方法 142例肝硬化患者接受胃镜检查,了解食管胃底静脉曲张情况,使用FibroScan检测肝脏硬度值(LSM),计算天冬氨酸氨基转移酶/血小板比值指数(APRI)、基于 4 因子的纤维化指数(FIB- 4)和γ-谷氨酰转肽酶/血小板计数模型(GPR),绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),并计算曲线下面积(AUROC),评价各指标评判EV的临床价值。结果 本组患者经胃镜检查,发现无EV组49例,有EV组93例(G1 28例,G2 30例,G3 35例);EV组LSM、APRI、FIB-4和GPR分别为(25.8±1.6)kPa、(1.5±0.1)、(5.3±0.3)和(0.9±0.1),均显著大于无EV组【分别为(15.2±1.5)kPa、(0.7±0.1)、(2.9±0.3)和(0.4±0.1),P<0.05】;严重EV组LSM、APRI、FIB-4和GPR也显著大于无EV或轻度EV组;LSM、APRI、FIB-4和GPR判断EV≥G2的截断点分别为19.20 kPa、1.9、4.9和0.5,其诊断的灵敏度和特异度分别为68.7%和96.7%、60.0%和89.80%、61.5%和91.80%,和60.0%和85.70%。结论 应用FibroScan、APRI、FIB-4和GPR等无创性指标可以预测肝硬化患者食管静脉曲张的存在,对不能行胃镜检查的患者可作为一种替代方法而做出判断。     

呼吸机无创机械通气治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭的疗效探讨

目的：观察呼吸机无创机械通气疗法在老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发呼吸衰竭的治疗中的应用效果。方法整群选取2013年4月—2014年10月该院收治的100例老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病疾病并发呼吸衰竭患者,并将其随机列入观察组与对照组,每组为50例。两组均行常规治疗,在此基础上,观察组加用呼吸机无创机械通气疗法,观察两组患者的治疗效果。结果治疗后,观察组患者的治疗有效率（96%）和动脉血Co2分压、动脉血氧分压、动脉血氧饱和度以及pH值和心率均要显著优于对照组（82%）差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论对老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发呼吸衰竭患者实施呼吸机无创机械通气疗法能够有效地优化治疗效果,改善患者的各项指标。     

A prospective clinical, scintigraphic, angiographic and functional evaluation of patients after inferior myocardial infarction with and without right ventricular dysfunction

To elucidate the functional and prognostic significance of right ventricular dysfunction after acute inferior wall myocardial infarction, 74 consecutive patients with inferior infarction were prospectively evaluated with gated equilibrium blood pool imaging at rest, submaximal exercise thallium-201 scintigraphy and coronary angiography before hospital discharge. In addition, symptom-limited stress thallium-201 scintigraphy was performed in 61 patients at 3 months, and all patients were followed up clinically for 23 +/- 15 months. Utilizing predetermined radionuclide angiographic criteria, 47 patients (Group I) had normal right ventricular function, 12 patients (Group II) had mild to moderate dysfunction and 15 patients (Group III) had severe right ventricular dysfunction. There were no significant differences among the groups with regard to age, history of prior myocardial infarction, peak creatine kinase values, maximal Killip functional class, number or type of in-hospital complications, left ventricular ejection fraction, prevalence of multivessel disease or the distribution and severity of disease affecting the infarct-related vessel. Exercise tolerance as assessed by treadmill time, blood pressure-heart rate product and peak work load in METS was comparable among the three groups, both before hospital discharge and at 3 month follow-up. No differences in indicators of exercise-induced ischemia were noted among the groups, including the prevalence of redistribution thallium-201 defects, ST segment depression or symptoms of chest pain. Finally, cardiac mortality, reinfarction rate and the incidence of medically refractory angina pectoris were similar in the three groups. Thus, right ventricular dysfunction after acute inferior wall myocardial infarction does not appear to limit exercise tolerance or identify a subgroup of patients at higher risk for recurrent cardiac events.     

肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张及出血的非侵入性临床检查研究

目的 研究分析非侵入性临床检查在肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张及出血的应用,为临床诊断提供参考意见.方法 选取肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张及出血患者作为观察组(n=20),并选取同期住院患者中明确诊断为肝硬化合并食管胃底静脉曲张未破裂出血的病例作为对照组(n=20)进行研究,对比分析2组患者血小板计数(PLT)、血小板压积(PCT)、血小板平均体积(MPV)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT),腹部超声及CT相关指标即门静脉直径(PV)及脾静脉直径(SV)等.结果 观察组患者PLT、PCT、MPV较对照组明显降低(P相似文献   

Current guidelines for the management of celiac disease: A systematic review with comparative analysis

BACKGROUND Wheat and other gluten-containing grains are widely consumed,providing approximately 50%of the caloric intake in both industrialised and developing countries.The widespread diffusion of gluten-containing diets has rapidly led to a sharp increase in celiac disease prevalence.This condition was thought to be very rare outside Europe and relatively ignored by health professionals and the global media.However,in recent years,the discovery of important diagnostic and pathogenic milestones has led to the emergence of celiac disease(CD)from obscurity to global prominence.These modifications have prompted experts worldwide to identify effective strategies for the diagnosis and follow-up of CD.Different scientific societies,mainly from Europe and America,have proposed guidelines based on CD's most recent evidence.AIM To identify the most recent scientific guidelines on CD,aiming to find and critically analyse the main differences.METHODS We performed a database search on PubMed selecting papers published between January 2010 and January 2021 in the English language.PubMed was lastly accessed on 1 March 2021.RESULTS We distinguished guidelines from 7 different scientific societies whose reputation is worldwide recognized and representative of the clinical practice in different geographical regions.Differences were noted in the possibility of a no-biopsy diagnosis,HLA testing,follow-up protocols,and procedures.CONCLUSION We found a relatively high concordance between the guidelines for CD.Important modifications have occurred in the last years,especially about the possibility of a no-biopsy diagnosis in children.Other modifications are expected in the next future and will probably involve the extension of the non-invasive diagnosis to the adult population and the follow-up modalities.     

Respiratory support of infants born at 22–24 weeks of gestational age

Lung immaturity and acute respiratory failure are the major problems in the care of extremely preterm infants. Most infants with gestational age (GA) 22–24 weeks will need mechanical ventilation and many will depend on some type of respiratory support, invasive and non-invasive for extended periods. There is ongoing gap in knowledge regarding optimal respiratory support and applying strategies that are effective in more mature populations is not easy or even suitable because lung maturation differs in smaller infants. Better strategies on how to avoid lung damage and to promote growth and development of the immature lung are warranted since increased survival is accompanied by increasing rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and concerns over long-standing reductions in lung function.This review focuses on some aspects of respiratory care of infants born at 22–24 weeks of GA.