双径路鼻内镜手术治疗非侵袭性真菌性上颌窦炎

目的探讨双径路鼻内镜手术治疗非侵袭性真菌性上颌窦炎的诊治要点及疗效。方法回顾性分析15例非侵袭性真菌性上颌窦炎患者,全部施行双径路鼻内镜手术,术后定期随访。结果术后随访3个月-24个月（平均12个月）,疗效满意,无复发。结论①非侵袭性真菌性上颌窦炎发病、转归与鼻道窦口复合体（OMC）解剖结构异常有密切的关系,而充分解除OMC病变,彻底清除窦腔内真菌团块,恢复鼻腔鼻窦通气引流是本病治疗的原则和关键;②双径路鼻内镜手术治疗非侵袭性真菌性上颌窦炎疗效好,复发率低,是首选术式。     

BiPAP无创通气治疗AECOPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的临床研究

目的研究在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期（AECOPD）合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者中使用BiPAP无创通气的疗效。方法46例AECOPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者分为治疗组23例（常规治疗联合BiPAP无创通气）和对照组23例（常规治疗）。观察治疗前和治疗后1h、4h、24h、48h动脉血气分析与有创通气率、病死率及住院日。结果治疗组相比对照组PaO2上升和PaCO2下降更明显,且治疗组在有创通气率、病死率及住院日等方面均低于对照组。结论BiPAP无创通气治疗AECOPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭较常规治疗方法能更快、更好地改善患者病情,且可以减少有创通气率、病死率和住院日。     

无创面罩双水平气道正压通气治疗急性左心衰竭

目的探讨无创面罩双水平气道正压通气（BiPAP）治疗急性左心衰竭的疗效。方法随机将52例急性左心衰竭患者分为治疗组和对照组各26例。两组均采用常规药物治疗,治疗组加用BiPAP治疗。观察两组患者治疗前及治疗2h后的临床表现、动脉皿气分析情况;比较治疗组通气前与通气后2h、12h血清B型钠尿肽（BNP）以及左室射血分数（LVEF）的变化。结果治疗组总有效率92．30％,对照组总有效率53．85％,两组比较差异有统计学意义（X2=7．917,P〈0．005）;治疗组通气2h后心功能、平均动脉血压（MBP）、心率（HR）、呼吸频率（RR）,pH、Pa02、PaC02、Sa02指标明显改善,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（t=9．193、13．683、22．795、9．333、10．232、3．882、7．956,P〈0．001）：治疗组通气2h、12h后BNP指标明显降低,LVEF明显增加,与通气前比较差异有统计学意义（t=7．991、9．427,P〈0．001;t=2．609、4．851,P〈0．05、P〈0．001）。结论BiPAP治疗急性左心衰竭能迅速改善患者心肺功能,是提高抢救成功率的一种有效方法。     

重症哮喘并呼吸衰竭患者的无创呼吸机治疗研究

目的探讨无创通气对重症哮喘并呼吸衰竭的治疗作用。方法在常规治疗基础上,应用呼吸机对42例重症哮喘并呼吸衰竭者进行无创通气治疗。结果 42例患者经过24～48h无创机械通气治疗后,临床症状体征明显好转,上机前与上机后比较,PaO2、PaCO2、SpO2均明显上升,差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0.01）。结论无创呼吸机用于重症哮喘的抢救效果是切实有效的,多数患者短期内症状明显改善,有待于临床进一步实践应用。     

无创宫腔镜检查在门诊的临床应用

目的评价无创宫腔镜检查技术在门诊应用的临床效果。方法 2011年6月,笔者所在医院门诊实施宫腔镜检查术155例,其中无创宫腔镜检查72例,常规宫腔镜检查83例,记录检查时间,并以McGill疼痛问卷来评价患者手术时的疼痛程度及舒适度。用5分法评价宫腔镜图像质量。结果两组术后病理检查符合率无创组为94.44%和84.34%,差异显著(P=0.045)。无创组手术时间明显短于常规组(P<0.01)。McGill不适评分、恐惧评分、折磨人评分、疲倦评分及疼痛评分无创组与常规组均差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。宫腔镜图像评分无创组明显优于常规组。无创组4例因疼痛剧烈,要求行静脉麻醉,常规组14例行静脉麻醉,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论无创宫腔镜检查明显减少患者的疼痛和不适感,无需麻醉,值得推广。     

上肢有创血压与无创血压的差异分析

目的研究桡动脉有创动脉压与肱动脉无创动脉压之间的差异及其影响因素。方法对入住ICU的60例患者进行IABP与NBP的同步测量。结果收缩压均值,右侧IABP最高,左侧NBP最低。NBP与IABP收缩压测量值之间分组比较,PPI<0.45时NBP9.38%>IABP;0.45≤PPI≤0.55时NBP42.59%>IABP;PPI>0.55时NBP58.82%>IABP。结论在临床实践中,NBP与IABP的实际差异与理论相比有所不同。监测血压时应首选右臂,应用IABP时使用方波试验来判断IABP值的准确性;使用NBP时应对患者的血管硬化程度进行评估。     

Sleep disordered breathing in childhood-onset acid maltase deficiency

Objectives: To clarify the feature of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) associated with childhood-onset acid maltase deficiency (AMD): the progressive nature of SDB and the stage of AMD. Study design: We retrospectively studied 4 patients with childhood-onset AMD by analyzing the results of neurological examinations for muscle wasting and muscle strength and the data on venous gas and from a pulmonary function test and nocturnal polysomnography (PSG). Results: Three out of the 4 patients showed muscular symptoms including myalgia, lordoscoliosis, muscle wasting and muscle weakness. They also complained of sleep-related symptoms such as tiredness in the morning and daytime sleepiness. All of them showed SDB by PSG, even in a patient in the earliest stage who exhibited no signs or symptoms of muscle weakness. In 3 patients, noninvasive intermittent positive pressure ventilation during sleep was introduced; and thereafter sleep-related symptoms were resolved and no lower respiratory infection reoccurred. Although their quality of life was improved, no improvement of respiratory function was shown by spirometry over a 2-year follow-up period. Conclusions: SDB seems to be common in childhood-onset AMD, which is not always accompanied by daytime muscular symptoms, especially in mild patients. PSG should be utilized for detecting SDB, which could be one of the earliest signs of respiratory muscle involvement in childhood-onset AMD.     

Sequential algorithms combining non-invasive markers and biopsy for the assessment of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B

AIM： To assess the performance of several noninvasive markers and of our recently proposed stepwise combination algorithms to diagnose significant fibrosis （F ≥ 2 by METAVIR） and cirrhosis （F4 by METAVIR） in chronic hepatitis B （CHB）.
METHODS： One hundred and ten consecutive patients （80 males, 30 females, mean age： 42.6 ± 11.3） with CHB undergoing diagnostic liver biopsy were included. AST-to-Platelet ratio （APRI）, Forns＇ index, AST-to-ALT Ratio, Goteborg University Cirrhosis Index （GUCD, Hui＇s model and Fibrotest were measured on the day of liver biopsy. The performance of these methods and of sequential algorithms combining Fibrotest, APRI and biopsy was defined by positive （PPV） and negative （NPV） predictive values, accuracy and area under the curve （AUC）.
RESULTS： PPV for significant fibrosis was excellent （100%） with Forns and high （〉 92%） with APR1, GUCI, Fibrotest and Hui. However, significant fibrosis could not be excluded by any marker （NPV 〈 65%）. Fibretest had the best PPV and NPV for cirrhosis （87% and 90%, respectively）. Fibrotest showed the best AUC for both significant fibrosis and cirrhosis （0.85 and 0.76, respectively）. Stepwise combination algorithms of APR1, Fibrotest and biopsy showed excellent performance （0.96 AUC, 100% NPV） for significant fibrosis and 0.95 AUC, 98% NPV for cirrhosis, with 50%-80% reduced need for liver biopsy.
CONCLUSION： In CHB sequential combination of APRI, Fibrotest and liver biopsy greatly improves the diagnostic performance of the single non-invasive markers. Need for liver biopsy is reduced by 50%-80% but cannot be completely avoided. Non-invasive markers and biopsy should be considered as agonists and not antagonists towards the common goal of estimating liver fibrosis.     

果糖二磷酸钠在无创通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭中的作用分析

目的 观察果糖二磷酸钠在无创通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭患者治疗中的作用。方法 选择45例患者,随机分为治疗组24例与对照组21例,治疗组在常规治疗及无创通气的基础上加用果糖二磷酸钠10gBID静滴,7天为一疗程,观察吸困难、紫甜、意识等指标。并且于6h、24h、72h、7天进行动脉血气分析,治疗前后比较和两组间比较,观察疗效。结果 两组患者治疗后动脉血气在不同时间均有一定的改善,与治疗前比较差异显著,在72h以及7天时动脉血气改善治疗组明显优于对照组（P〈0．05）,无创通气时间、住院时间和插管率治疗组明显优于对照组。结论 在慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭患者在无创通气时应用果糖二磷酸钠,能改善疗效,加强无创通气的治疗效果,减少机械通气时间、住院时间和插管率。     

Imaging findings in congenital hepatic fibrosis

Congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF) is a rare congenital multisystemic disorder, mostly inherited in autosomal recessive fashion, primarily affecting renal and hepatobiliary systems. Main underlying process of the disease is the malformation of the ductal plate, the embryological precursor of the biliary system, and secondary biliary strictures and periportal fibrosis ultimately leading to portal hypertension. The natural course of the disease is highly variable ranging from minimally symptomatic disease to true cirrhosis of the liver. However, in most patients the most common manifestations of the diseases that are related to portal hypertension, particularly splenomegaly and bleeding varices. Many other disease processes may co-exist with the disease including Caroli's disease, choledochal cysts and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) reflecting the mulstisystemic nature of the disease. The associating biliary ductal disease led the authors to think that all these entities are a continuum and different reflections of the same underlying pathophysiological process. Although, conventional method of diagnosis of CHF is the liver biopsy the advent of imaging technologies and modalities, today, may permit the correct diagnosis in a non-invasive manner. Characteristic imaging features are generally present and recognition of these findings may obviate liver biopsy while preserving the diagnostic accuracy. In this article, it is aimed to increase the awareness of the practising radiologists to the imaging findings of this uncommon clinical disorder and trail the blaze for future articles relating to this issue.