MSCT对结节性甲状腺肿的诊断价值

目的探讨MSCT对结节性甲状腺肿(Nodular goiter,NG)的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析38例经手术及病理证实的NG病例的MSCT表现。结果病灶多发22例,单发16例;平扫为低密度或略低密度29例,等或略高密度7例,完全高密度钙化2例;增强扫描病灶边界均清晰显示,无一例超出甲状腺包膜;气管受压5例;25例可见不同程度囊变,增强扫描囊变区无强化,10例周边可见环形强化,2例见壁结节;10例见钙化;8例病灶见间隔线;颈部淋巴结均未见肿大;非囊变区增强后见不均匀强化,强化程度不等。结论MSCT能清晰显示病变的内部结构、边缘、强化特点及与周围结构的关系,并具有一定特征性,对NG的术前诊断具有重要价值。     

微小甲状腺乳头状癌与结节性甲状腺肿的MSCT征象比较

目的比较分析微小甲状腺乳头状癌(PMCT)及结节性甲状腺肿(NG)的多层螺旋CT(multi-slice spiral CT,MSCT)征象,并探讨MSCT鉴别二者的价值。方法回顾性分析病理证实的34例PMCT及46例NG的MSCT表现,从结节的形态及边缘、有无钙化、钙化的部位及形态、增强后结节边缘及轮廓改变、有无淋巴结增大方面,分析PMCT瘤体与NG结节的MSCT特征,用SPSS19.0软件进行统计学处理。结果 PMCT与NG组间结节的边缘、钙化部位、钙化形态、增强后结节边缘及轮廓改变的比较具有显著性差异(P0.05);结节的形态、有无钙化、有无淋巴结增大的比较无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论综合分析PMCT与NG结节的各种MSCT征象,有助于PMCT与NG的鉴别诊断,并提高PMCT的检出率。     

小金片联合小剂量左甲状腺素钠片治疗结节性甲状腺肿的疗效及对甲状腺功能的影响

目的探讨小金片联合小剂量左甲状腺素钠片治疗结节性甲状腺肿的疗效及对甲状腺功能的影响。方法将189例结节性甲状腺肿患者按照随机数字法分为对照组、联合正常剂量组与联合小剂量组,每组各63例。对照组:患者给予正常剂量左甲状腺素钠片治疗,联合正常剂量组:患者给予正常剂量左甲状腺素钠片联合小金片治疗,联合小剂量组:患者给予小剂量左甲状腺素钠片联合小金片治疗。比较治疗前后三组患者的血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、血清游离甲状腺素(FT4)和促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平的变化情况。结果联合正常剂量组与联合小剂量组患者治疗后的总有效率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,三组患者的FT3、FT4水平较治疗前均无统计学差异(P>0.05);治疗后,对照组、联合正常剂量组患者的TSH水平明显降低(P<0.05),联合小剂量组患者的TSH水平降低幅度明显小于对照组与联合正常剂量组(P<0.05)。结论小金片联合小剂量左甲状腺素钠片治疗结节性甲状腺肿效果佳,安全性好,且对甲状腺功能影响较小。     

许芝银教授应用柴胡疏肝散加减治疗甲状腺、乳腺疾病验案3则

柴胡疏肝散具有疏肝理气、活血止痛之效果,可用于肝气郁结、胁肋疼痛、往来寒热等病症,许芝银教授根据多年临床经验,灵活运用其改方治疗证型相符的甲状腺、乳腺疾病,体现了中医学“异病同治”的特点,在临床上取得了良好的疗效。现列举许教授运用柴胡疏肝散治疗结节性甲状腺肿、Graves病、乳腺囊性增生验案3则,为临床上使用柴胡疏肝散治疗甲状腺、乳腺疾病提供参考。     

Primary and isolated thyroid Hodgkin’s lymphoma: A case report

IntroductionHodgkin’s lymphoma rarely involves the thyroid gland. It is typically presented as a fast growing neck mass that is sometimes accompanied by respiratory compression symptoms.Case reportWe report one of the few (the seventeenth) case of primary and isolated Hodgkin’s thyroid lymphoma presented by a 65 years old man, consulting for a fast growing neck mass with Hodgkin’s symptoms. The patient had total thyroidectomy and short courses of chemotherapy, then total resolution of symptomatology.ConclusionMost thyroid Hodgkin’s lymphoma are presented by women, rarely man, isolated and primary. Since 1962, we only found sixteen cases described in the literature. Hodgkin’s lymphoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with a thyroid mass for rapid management.     

Patient-tailored management of an asymptomatic massive substernal goiter presenting as brachiocephalic vein occlusion. Report of a case and review of sternotomy indications

IntroductionSubsternal goiters are characterized by the protrusion of at least 50% of the thyroid mass below the level of the thoracic inlet. Still their definition is controversial.Case presentationThe case refers to a 44 year old male who presented to our department due to swelling and a feeling of ‘heaviness’ of his left upper extremity for the past 6 months. CT scan revealed a massive substernal goiter extending to the great vessels. Intraoperatively, a median sternotomy was performed due to the size of the gland and the close adhesion of the isthmus and lower left thyroid lobe to the brachiocephalic vein. Resection of the gland revealed the vein to have a cord-like shape, leading to reduced venous return and upper extremity symptoms. Recovery was uneventful for the patient who was discharged on the 7th postoperative day.DiscussionWhile most substernal goiters can be surgically managed through a cervical incision, there are cases in which a median sternotomy is indicated. Those cases include excessive gland size, thoracic pain, ectopic thyroid tissue and the extent of the goiter to the aortic arch. Median sternotomy is associated with a number of intra and postoperative complications, although when performed by an experienced surgeon, mortality and morbidity rates along with long-term recovery are not affected.ConclussionThe lack of a uniform definition and variety of indications, lead to a patient-tailored approach regarding the execution of sternotomy during surgical management of massive substernal goiters.     

NG及HT合并甲状腺乳头状癌的临床病理分析

目的探讨结节性甲状腺肿(nodular goiter,NG)、桥本氏甲状腺炎(Hashimoto's thyroiditis,HT)合并甲状腺乳头状癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC)的临床病理特征。方法回顾性分析270例甲状腺乳头状癌患者,筛选NG合并PTC(68例)、HT合并PTC(60例)及单纯PTC(104例)患者将其分成三组,分析其相关临床特征。结果与单纯PTC组比较,NG合并PTC患者中男性比率低、肿瘤直径小、多灶率低、双侧癌比率低、淋巴结转移率低、TGAb表达高和TPOAb表达低等,HT合并PTC患者中男性比率低、肿瘤直径小、多灶率高、双侧癌比率高、淋巴结转移率低、TGAb及TPOAb表达高等临床特征,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论 NG及HT合并甲状腺癌中男性患者较少,肿瘤直径小,淋巴结转移率低,HT合并PTC患者癌灶多灶率高和双侧癌比率较高。     

加味丹栀逍遥散联合小金丸治疗结节性甲状腺肿的临床疗效观察

【目的】观察加味丹栀逍遥散联合小金丸治疗结节性甲状腺肿的临床疗效。【方法】采用区组随机化法将90例结节性甲状腺肿患者分配到对照1组、对照2组和观察组,每组各30例。对照1组口服加味丹栀逍遥散,对照2组口服小金丸,观察组口服加味丹栀逍遥散和小金丸,以1个月为疗程,共观察3个疗程。观察3组临床疗效及治疗前后甲状腺肿症状评分、甲状腺肿物最大直径的变化情况。【结果】(1)治疗后,观察组总有效率为90.00%,优于对照1组的73.33%和对照2组的66.67%,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)治疗后,3组甲状腺肿症状评分均较治疗前显著改善(P0.05),甲状腺最大肿物的最大直径均较治疗前显著缩小(P0.05),且观察组的改善作用均优于对照1组和对照2组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)治疗过程中,3组均无不良反应发生。【结论】加味丹栀逍遥散联合小金丸治疗结节性甲状腺肿,能明显缩小结节性甲状腺肿及改善甲状腺肿症状。     

131I治疗对伴巨大甲状腺肿Graves病患者疗效及影响因素分析

目的探讨 131 I治疗对伴巨大甲状腺肿的Graves病患者甲状腺功能和TSH受体抗体(TRAb)的影响,并分析该治疗方法的影响因素。方法选择154例2009年1月至2015年12月在本院住院进行 131I治疗的伴巨大甲状腺肿的Graves病患者(经CT测算甲状腺体积均>100cm^3 ),检测患者治疗前后甲状腺功能及TSH受体抗体的变化,6~24个月随访。疗效按照治疗后甲状腺功能,分为治愈、甲亢部分缓解、甲减以及无效。结果 154例Graves病患者的甲状腺体积为121.08(108.43~143.43)cm^3 。治疗后甲状腺功能恢复正常91例(59.09%),甲亢部分缓解仍需服抗甲状腺药物56例( 36.36%),甲减7例(4.55%)。末次治疗6个月后FT3 、FT4 和TRAb均明显下降,其中,FT3 由治疗前的23.88( 11.49~ 45.81 )pmol/L降低为6.27(4.58~10.07)pmol/L,FT 4 由治疗前的42.08(19.99~100.00)pmol/L下降到19.31( 13.67~ 30.08 )pmol/L,TRAb由35.07(22.82~40.00)IU/L降至21.75(9.46~39.30)IU/L,( P 均<0.05),并且TSH水平上升明显,由治疗前的0.09(0.06~ 0.21 )mIU/L增至0.22(0.09~1.33)mIU/L( P <0.05)。甲功正常组治疗前甲状腺体积为 116.08 (106.95~130.04)cm^3 ,小于部分缓解组125.87(111.86~154.93)cm^3 ( P <0.05)和甲减组145.20( 128.55~ 169.31 )cm^3 ( P <0.05)。 131I治疗巨大甲状腺肿的Graves病患者的转归与患者治疗前的甲状腺体积有关(相关系数 OR = 0.21 , P < 0.05 )。结论 131I治疗可用于巨大甲状腺肿Graves病患者,治疗安全有效,治疗效果与治疗前甲状腺体积有关。     

过氧化物酶缺陷型激素合成障碍性甲状腺肿的核医学特征

用放射免疫法测定过氧化物酶缺陷型激素合成障碍性甲状腺肿病人血清TT3,TT4,FT3,FT4,TGAb,TMAb,用高敏感免疫放射法测定TSH,并进行碘过氨酸钾释放实验和~(99m)锝甲状腺静态显像,实验显示:该类病人血清甲状腺素水平降低,TSH水平升高,TGAb呈阴性反应;碘过氯酸钾释放试验呈阳性反应;核素显像显示甲状腺均匀性肿大,摄取~(99m)锝功能增加,结果表明:该类病人甲状腺细胞合成甲状腺素的关键酶—过氧化物酶活性低下,使进入甲状腺细胞的碘离子氧化为碘分子的过程受到抑制,该酶活性降低使甲状腺素水平降低,反馈性刺激垂体TSH分泌增加,在TSH刺激下,甲状腺增生肿大,摄取~(131)碘和~(99m)锝功能增加,SPECT静态显像甲状腺放射性分布浓聚,与桥本甲状腺炎鉴别诊断,测定血清甲状腺自身抗体TGAb,TMAb具有重要意义