新诊断2型糖尿病FMD与血脂的关系及罗格列酮的干预作用

目的本研究通过检测新诊断2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者罗格列酮(RGZ)治疗前后血管内皮依赖性舒张功能(FMD)和血清脂质水平及其变化,探讨RGZ对T2DM血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的改善及对血清脂质的影响。方法新诊断T2DM患者71人分配至2组:罗格列酮 二甲双胍组37人;二甲双胍组34人,并选正常对照组30人。均进行空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后血糖(PPG)、肝肾功能、胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)的检测,随后肱动脉超声检查评价FMD。治疗组追踪观察12周后复测上述指标。结果治疗前T2DM与正常对照组FPG、PPG、HbA1C、TG、HDL-C、FFA、HOMA-IRI和FMD的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);治疗前后罗格列酮 二甲双胍组在TG、FMD、FFA和HDL-C上的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。多元线性回归分析显示影响FMD的因素依次为FFA、SBP、HDL-C、FPG和TG(P<0.05)。结论新诊断T2DM患者存在FMD障碍,HDL-C水平降低和TG、FFA水平升高,相关分析提示T2DM患者FMD障碍与血脂水平有关;罗格列酮治疗可显著改善T2DM患者FPG、TG、FFA、HDL-C和FMD。     

新装修居室内空气中甲醛污染状况调查分析

目的：了解新装修后居室内空气中甲醛污染状况及来源。方法：对11套普通新装修住宅采用酚试剂分光光度法测定居室内空气中甲醛浓度。结果：11套新装修住宅共测定样品36件，样品合格率为36．1％，其中装修后家具装饰齐全的住宅北屋的样品合格率最低。结论：新装修居室甲醛污染状况严重，室内甲醛污染不仅主要是由装修后家具装饰所引起，而且还与居室内环境条件有关，夏季气温高，相对湿度大，甲醛释放量达到最高，空气中甲醛浓度会随着时间的延长而缓慢下降，装修后不应急于人住，要坚持室内通风换气，当室内空气中甲醛浓度检测合格后再人住，减少由于室内甲醛浓度超标给住户带来的健康危害。     

心理护理对2型糖尿病初诊患者疗效的影响

目的探讨心理护理对2型糖尿病初诊患者疗效的影响。方法对60例2型糖尿病初诊患者进行心理护理，作为护理组；把未进行心理护理的患者65例设为对照组，统计2组早期接受胰岛素治疗的比例，以及治疗后第7，30天患者空腹血糖恢复正常的比例。结果与对照组比较，心理护理组接受胰岛素治疗人数比例明显升高（P〈0．01），治疗后第7，30天时空腹血糖正常的患者人数也明显增多，2组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论对2型糖尿病初诊患者进行心理护理，使患者更能遵行医嘱，接受早期胰岛素治疗，尽早控制血糖，及时清除体内高血糖毒性作用，有利于提高疗效。     

Newly diagnosed epilepsy and pharmacogenomics research: a step in the right direction?

Pharmacogenomics holds the promise of selecting the right drug at the right dose for the right person. Its research and application in epilepsy are in their infancy. Although advances have been made in identifying genetic markers of adverse effects in terms of severe cutaneous reactions, there has been little progress in predicting efficacy. Most studies have been retrospective and case–control in design, despite the associated problems of recall bias and a usually undefined relationship between genotype and outcome. We describe the epidemiological framework necessary to detect genetic influences on antiepileptic drug response, and propose an ambitious prospective outcome study of newly diagnosed epilepsy across all age ranges, countries, and continents, which would provide the template for a global pharmacogenomic project. Other epidemiological considerations and statistical constraints and issues related to study design, databases, and ethics that are critical for advancement in the field are also discussed.     

2007–2017年四川省新发棘球蚴病患者时空分布特征

目的　探索2007–2017年四川省棘球蚴病新发病例时空分布特征,为棘球蚴病防控策略制定和重点区域识别提供参考依据。方法　绘制2007–2017年四川省棘球蚴病新发病例检出率空间分布图,分析其空间分布特征及流行趋势。结果　2007–2017年四川省棘球蚴病新发病例检出率逐年下降,新发病例检出率较高地区主要分布在西部、西北部和北部,检出率较低地区主要分布在南部和东部地区。2010–2016年四川省棘球蚴病新发病例检出率全局Moran’s I值分别为0.19、0.22、0.17、0.44、0.48、0.31和0.16,Z值均> 1.96,P值均< 0.05,提示此期间四川省棘球蚴病新发病例呈聚集分布。局部Moran’s I分析显示,四川省棘球蚴病新发病例检出率“高?高”聚集区域和“低?低”聚集区域均呈一定聚集趋势。结论　2007–2017年四川省棘球蚴病新发病例检出率逐年下降,且呈一定的空间聚集性分布,应继续加强石渠、色达、德格、甘孜县和白玉县等重点地区的棘球蚴病防控工作。     

简明饮食处方对初诊2型糖尿病干预的效果分析

目的探讨简明饮食处方对初诊2型糖尿病患者饮食治疗的效果。方法将78例糖尿病患者随机分为对照组与观察组各39例,对照组实施常规饮食指导,观察组在饮食指导的基础上评估糖尿病患者的饮食习惯及接受过的饮食指导方式,同时对饮食进行简明饮食处方干预,观察两组患者饮食控制状况和糖代谢指标。结果出院时观察组与对照组在饮食控制、糖代谢等方面差异有显著意义(P0.05)。出院后跟踪随访两年,由专职护士对患者的资料进行搜集、整理。提示简明饮食处方在干预初诊2型糖尿病饮食治疗中起着重要作用。结论简明饮食处方对初诊2型糖尿病患者住院期间及出院后采用简明饮食处方干预对巩固初诊糖尿病患者治疗效果,提高饮食治疗的依从性具有重要意义。     

Reproductive health and HIV awareness among newly married Egyptian couples without formal education

Objective

To assess awareness of several reproductive health and HIV issues and to determine the sources of reproductive health knowledge.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey of 150 randomly recruited, newly married couples without formal education attending gynecology or andrology outpatient clinics in Cairo, Egypt, was conducted from January 2012 to January 2013. Participants were interviewed separately and asked to respond to a semi-structured questionnaire on reproductive health and HIV awareness.

Results

Most participants had not received premarital counseling or undergone premarital testing. Awareness about HIV was relatively high: 117 (78.0%) women and 128 (85.3%) men had heard of HIV and had some awareness of the modes of HIV transmission. Only 24 (16.0%) women had ever used a condom compared with 36 (24.0%) men. Only two men out of the 150 couples questioned were aware of the free HIV hotline. Television and friends were the main sources of reproductive health knowledge.

Conclusion

Routine premarital counseling and testing by reproductive health, gynecology, and andrology specialists need to be enforced. Mass media is an essential source of knowledge about HIV and reproductive health. Premarital, reproductive health, and HIV education programs need to be improved.