人工流产术后并发症发生情况及其对患者身心健康的影响

目的：探讨人工流产（人流）术后并发症的发生情况及其对患者身心健康的影响。方法对123例接受人流手术患者（观察组）进行术后随访,并选择90例无流产史育龄女性（对照组）进行对照。按人流登记表逐项询问及检查,记录术后月经情况和各种并发症的发生情况和次数。结果观察组患者接受人流术后,妇科常见病症发生率为26．8％,高于对照组的8．9％（χ2＝10．762,P＜0．05）;手术人流患者中术后并发症发生率为31．8％,药物人流患者为29．8％,两者差异无统计学意义（χ2＝0．057,P＞0.05）;观察组SAS评分及SDS评分分别为（37．58±5．27）分和（44．26±5．81）分,均显著高于对照组（ t＝9.87、10．43,均P＜0．05）。结论人流术后患者并发症多发,严重者甚至影响患者以后妊娠,对女性的身心健康带来严重影响。     

影响重型颅脑损伤患者预后的临床因素分析

目的 探讨影响重型颅脑损伤患者预后的临床因素。方法 对2008年1月至2013年12月该院收治的64例重型颅脑损伤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据伤后3个月格拉斯哥预后评分（GOS）将其分为预后不良组（30例）和预后良好组（34例）,观察两组患者入院时间、血糖、损伤严重程度评分（ISS）、血氧饱和度、收缩压以及格拉斯哥昏迷评分（GCS）,采用多因素Logistic回归分析对两组患者中可能影响预后的相关因素进行分析和比较。结果 与预后良好组比较,预后不良组患者的入院时间较长,血糖和ISS较高,而GOS分值、血氧饱和度、收缩压以及GCS分值较低,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;脑疝、CT中线移动程度、环池形态、并发症及基础疾病是影响重型颅脑损伤患者预后的独立相关因素（OR=1.025、32.546、3.237、4.561,P〈0.05）。结论 对于重型颅脑损伤的患者,建立迅速有效的救治绿色通道,充分评估患者的损伤,密切监测病情的变化,早期积极地处理颅脑损伤和合并伤,预防并发症的发生,有利于患者得到及时有效的救治,在提高生存率的基础上可促进其功能的恢复,改善预后,提高生存质量。     

BiPAP预防慢性阻塞性肺疾病伴呼吸衰竭患者并发上消化道出血的效果

目的 评价双水平气道正压无创通气（BiPAP）预防慢性阻塞性肺疾病伴呼吸衰竭患者并发上消化道出血的效果.方法 回顾性分析2007年2月至2011年10月收治的慢性阻塞性肺疾病伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭73例患者的临床资料,将使用BiPAP的患者41例作为观察组,拒绝使用BiPAP的32例患者作为对照组,观察上消化道出血的发生情况.结果 观察组上消化道出血发生率为4.88%（2/41）,与对照组[发生率为31.25%（10/32）]比较,差异有统计学意义（χ2=5.31,P＜0.05）.结论 BiPAP对慢性阻塞性肺疾病伴呼吸衰竭患者并发上消化道出血有一定的干预作用,是一种有效、简便、无创而实用的治疗方法.     

创伤性脑损伤后孕酮促进神经功能的实验研究

目的观察孕酮对大鼠脑损伤后COX-2和IL-6表达及对神经功能的影响。方法雄性SD大鼠48只随机分为假手术组、脑损伤组和孕酮治疗组,按照改良的Feeney自由落体损伤装置制作大鼠脑损伤模型。孕酮治疗组伤后1、6 h腹腔注射孕酮16 mg/kg。各组于伤后24 h取材。用ELISA法检测COX-2和IL-6含量,用干湿重法测量脑组织含水量,用mNSS评分检测神经功能。结果孕酮治疗组与脑损伤组比较,COX-2和IL-6表达和脑水肿明显减少(P<0.05),神经功能明显改善(P<0.05)。结论孕酮可能通过降低COX-2和IL-6的表达,进而降低脑水肿,改善神经功能,发挥脑损伤保护作用。     

高位结扎联合腔内激光术治疗大隐静脉曲张临床分析

目的评价高位结扎联合腔内激光术（EVLT）治疗大隐静脉曲张的方法及疗效。方法回顾性分析2009年6月至2011年6月柘城县人民医院普外科采用高位结扎联合EVLT治疗大隐静脉曲张69例患者98腿的临床资料,并与随机抽取的2007年6月至2009年6月采用的传统高位结扎联合剥脱手术治疗下肢大隐静脉曲张75例患者106腿作对照研究。结果高位结扎联合EVLT在手术时间、切口数量、术中失血量、术后住院时间、术后并发症、一年复发率方面均较传统手术明显减少或者缩短（P〈0．05）。结论高位结扎联合EVLT是治疗大隐静脉曲张的有效方法,与传统手术相比更具优势。     

Prostate-Specific Antigen Kinetics and Outcomes in Patients with Bone Metastases from Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Treated with or Without Zoledronic Acid

Background

Zoledronic acid (ZOL) is a standard therapy for the prevention of skeletal-related events (SREs) in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Although prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is an established marker for monitoring prostate cancer patients, correlations between PSA and disease outcomes during ZOL therapy are unclear.

Objective

To evaluate the relationships among PSA kinetics, bone-directed therapy with ZOL, and clinical outcomes in men with bone metastases from CRPC using a ZOL phase 3 trial database.

Design, setting, and participants

Exploratory analyses from a phase 3 trial in men with bone metastases from CRPC (n = 643) randomized to ZOL or placebo every 3 wk.

Outcome measurements and statistical analysis

PSA levels during the first 3 mo of the study were evaluated in linear and logarithmic (log) models stratified using prognostic factors established in a ZOL phase 3 trial and a CRPC nomogram. Relative risks of SREs, bone disease progression (BDP), and death were calculated per 1 log (nanograms per milliliter) PSA increase. Baseline PSA models used the study median (PSA: 77.3 ng/ml) as the high/low cut-off point.

Results and limitations

A total of 202 placebo- and 434 ZOL-treated patients were assessable. In both groups, PSA increases correlated with significantly increased risks of death, BDP, and first SRE. In the placebo and ZOL groups, associated increases in risk per 1 log (nanograms per milliliter) PSA increase were 29% (p < 0.0001) and 10% (p < 0.0074), respectively, for BDP, and 24% (p = 0.0010) and 13% (p = 0.0079), respectively, for first SRE. Limitations include the retrospective nature of these analyses and the potential confounding effects of concurrent antineoplastic therapies.

Conclusions

PSA is an important prognostic tool for survival in patients with bone metastases from CRPC, and these analyses show that PSA is also prognostic for BDP and SREs regardless of bone-targeted therapy.     

Non-invasive ventilation after surgery

After surgery, hypoxemia and/or acute respiratory failure (ARF) mainly develop following abdominal and/or thoracic surgery. Anesthesia, postoperative pain and surgery will induce respiratory modifications: hypoxemia, pulmonary volumes decrease and atelectasis associated to a restrictif syndrome and a diaphragm dysfunction. Maintenance of adequate oxygenation in the postoperative period is of major importance, especially when pulmonary complications such as ARF occur. Although invasive endotracheal mechanical ventilation has remained the cornerstone of ventilatory strategy for many years for severe acute respiratory failure, several studies have shown that mortality associated with pulmonary disease is largely related to complications of postoperative reintubation and mechanical ventilation. Therefore, major objectives for anesthesiologists and surgeons are first to prevent the occurrence of postoperative complications and second if ARF occurs is to ensure oxygen administration and carbon dioxide CO₂ removal while avoiding intubation. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) does not require endotracheal tube or tracheotomy and its use is well established to prevent ARF occurrence (prophylactic treatment) or to treat ARF to avoid reintubation (curative treatment). Studies shows that patient-related risk factors, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), age older than 60 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists ASA class of II or higher, obesity, functional dependence, and congestive heart failure, increase the risk for postoperative pulmonary complications. Rationale for postoperative NIV use is the same as the post-extubation NIV use plus the specificities due to the respiratory modifications induced by the surgery and anesthesia. Postoperative NIV improves gas exchange, decreases work of breathing and reduces atelectasis. The aims of this article are (1) to review the main respiratory modifications induced by surgery and anesthesia which justify postoperative NIV use (2) to offer some recommendations to apply safely postoperative NIV and (3) to present the main results obtained with preventive and curative NIV in a surgical context.     

Fibrosis in Hepatitis C Patients Predicts Complications After Elective Total Joint Arthroplasty

Effects of Hepatitis C on total hip (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) outcomes are poorly understood. Seventy-two hepatitis C patients underwent 77 primary THA or TKA and were retrospectively identified, stratified by fibrosis and thrombocytopenia and compared to matched controls. Overall, Hepatitis C and control patients had similar outcomes. After TKA, fibrotic hepatitis C patients demonstrated a greater average hemoglobin drop than non-fibrotic hepatitis C patients (4.9 versus 3.8, P = 0.023), greater deep infection rate (21% versus 0%, P = 0.047), and rate of cellulitis (21% versus 0%, P = 0.047). Thrombocytopenia showed a trend toward greater infections. Prior to fibrosis, Hepatitis C patients appear to be at no increased risk of complication after joint arthroplasty. Evaluation of fibrosis may predict poor outcome in Hepatitis C patients.     

Is Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty Staged at a One-Week Interval Safe? A Matched Case Control Study

Controversy surrounds the safety of bilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and whether staging the procedures one week apart represents a safer option. A consecutive series of 234 patients underwent either a simultaneous (103 patients) or staged bilateral TKA (131 patients) from 2007 to 2012 and were compared to a matched control group of unilateral TKA (131 patients). Staged patients had no difference in one-year complication rate when compared to simultaneous bilateral TKA and the matched unilateral TKA control group (15% vs. 19% vs. 15%, P = 0.512). There was also no difference in perioperative complications (10% vs. 14% vs. 7%, P = 0.231) or 90-day readmissions (8% vs. 4% vs. 4%, P = 0.295). In selected patients with bilateral knee OA, TKA staged at a one-week interval is a safe alternative.