神经内镜下血肿清除术在高血压脑出血患者治疗中的应用

目的 探讨高血压脑出血患者行神经内镜下血肿清除术的临床效果.方法 选取2017年7月至2020年7月辽宁省沈阳市沈北新区中心医院收治的62例高血压脑出血患者作为研究对象,随机分为试验组和对照组,各31例.试验组行神经内镜下血肿清除术,对照组行常规血肿清除术,比较两组的治疗效果、并发症发生情况、手术时间、住院时间以及术中...     

Emergency Neuroendoscopic Management of Third Ventricular Neurocysticercosis Cyst Presented with Bruns Syndrome : Report of Two Cases and Review of Literature

Neurocysticercosis is the commonest parasitic disease of the human central nervous system. The incidence of intra ventricular form of neurocysticercosis (NCC) is less common accounting 10-20% that of total central nerve system cysticercosis. Intra ventricular NCC is complicated due, to its high incidence of acute hydrocephalus caused by ball valve mechanism. The only reliable tool for diagnosis of NCC is by neuroimaging with CT or MRI. MRI preferred over CT because of its high specificity and sensitivity. In emergency situations like acute hydrocephalus one can proceed with emergency endoscopic surgery. Through the endoscopic view, intra ventricular NCC (IVNCC) has distinguished morphological features like the full moon sign. This feature not only helps in identification of IVNCC, but also guides in further endoscopic treatment strategy. Authors report two cases of 3rd ventricular NCC with acute hydrocephalus managed with emergency endoscopy. Authors have discussed the clinical features, intra operative endoscopic findings and role of endoscopy in emergency surgery for NCC with acute hydrocephalus.     

Re-ventriculostomía endoscópica de tercer ventrículo. Análisis retrospectivo de una serie de 13 casos

ObjetivesIndication for endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) in the treatment for noncommunicating hydrocephalus is widely accepted. There is controversy regarding the indication of a second procedure (re-ETV) when the first has failed. The objective of this work is to revise ETV failures in a series in which re-ETV was performed and to describe the factors related to its prognosis.MethodRetrospective study of pediatric patients with ETV failure treated by re-ETV between 2003 and 2018. Gender, age in first and second ETV, time to failure of first ETV, etiology of hydrocephalus, previous presence of shunt, ETV-SS in the first and second ETV, intraoperative findings, success of the second procedure and follow-up were collected. The ETV-SS result was grouped into high (≥ 80), moderate (50-70) or low (≤ 40) scores. Endoscopic procedure failure was considered clinical worsening or the absence of radiological criteria for improvement (reduction in ventricular size or presence of ETV flow artifact in the floor of third ventricle).ResultsOf 97 ETV carried out in this period, 47 failures were registered, with 13 re-ETV performed. Of these, 8 were classified as successful (61.53%). Re-ETV was successful in 4/4 cases in which etiology was tectal tumor or aqueduct stenosis. In the group with a high ETV-SS score there was a higher rate of success (75%) than in the group with a moderate score (40%). 9 patients presented shunt prior to first ETV and in them, success was 66.6% compared to 50% in the group without prior shunt. All re-ETV were performed without complications. In 11 of the 13 procedures a closed stoma was found and the remaining 2 cases, we found a punctate opening. The mean follow-up after re-ETV was 61.23 months.ConclusionThe selection of patients for re-VET should be cautious. Factors such as age, etiology, and previous shunt (ETV-SS factors) have prognostic influence. However, there are specific factors which indicate favorable prognostic for re-VET such as a longer time to failure of the first procedure, the finding of a closed/punctate stoma or the loss of flow artifact in the follow-up MRI.     

神经内窥镜技术的临床应用(附14例报告)

目的 探讨应用神经内窥镜手术治疗颅内病变的方法及价值.方法 回顾分析2004年10月～2006年2月应用内窥镜手术资料,选取4个病种共14例疾病种类包括垂体瘤8例、颅咽管瘤1例、桥小脑角区胆脂瘤2例、颅内蛛网膜囊肿瘤1例、交通性脑积水2例.手术方法包括单纯内窥镜手术、内窥镜辅助的显微外科手术.结果 垂体瘤和胆脂瘤均全切除,颅咽管瘤大部分切除,随访半年至1年均未见肿瘤复发,复查CT或MRI显示囊肿腔基本闭合,脑积水的患者侧脑室有不同程度的回缩.结论 应用神经内窥镜手术治疗颅内病变具有操作简单、疗效可靠、并发症少等优点.     

神经内镜治疗梗阻性脑积水(附20例报告)

目的总结神经内镜下手术治疗20例梗阻性脑积水的临床经验。方法 17例为导水管阻塞引起的双侧型脑积水,另3例为单侧室问孔堵塞引起的单侧型脑积水;17例用神经内镜经侧脑室额角入路,经室间孔行第三脑室底脚问池造瘘,3例透明隔造瘘治疗。结果所有造瘘过程均顺利,瘘口通畅。17例双侧型脑积水行单纯第三脑室底造瘘术,15例效果满意,2例无效,改行内镜引导下的脑室-腹腔分流术治愈,另3例单侧型脑积水行透明隔造瘘,效果良好。总有效率达到90．0％。结论神经内镜治疗梗阻性脑积水简便、微创、有效,是首选的方法。     

神经内镜技术治疗脑脊液鼻漏

目的 探讨神经内镜技术治疗脑脊液(CSF)鼻漏的方法和疗效. 方法 分析深圳大学第一附属医院神经外科自2012年11月至2013年4月使用神经内镜技术治疗5例CSF鼻漏患者的临床资料,总结其诊断方法、手术方法及临床效果. 结果 5例CSF鼻漏患者中外伤性CSF鼻漏2例,医源性CSF鼻漏3例.外伤后CSF鼻漏术前均通过颅脑MR平扫、CT薄扫颅底重建及CT脑池造影确定漏口;医源性CSF鼻漏根据临床经验判定漏口位置,漏口分别位于额窦后壁、筛窦顶壁、鞍底、蝶筛隐窝、中颅底鞍旁交界区,术中均能直视下观察漏口,行漏口修补.术后患者CSF鼻漏均治愈,无并发症发生,随访3个月以上无复发. 结论 术前影像学检查对CSF鼻漏口定位意义重大,神经内镜治疗CSF鼻漏具有微创、直观、修补成功率高等优点,可作为首选治疗方式.     

经额部和经颞部入路导航辅助下内镜手术治疗高血压性基底节区出血的对比分析

目的比较经额部和经颞部入路导航辅助下内镜手术治疗高血压性基底节区出血的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2016年6月导航辅助下内镜手术治疗的60例高血压性基底节区出血的临床资料,28例采用经额入路(经额组),32例采用经颞入路(经颞组)。术后3个月采用GOS评分评估预后。结果经额组手术时间[(83±27)min]和经颞组手术时间[(81±30)min]无显著差异(P0.05)。经额组血肿清除率[(88±11)%]明显高于经颞组[(79±19)%;P0.05]。经额组预后良好率(67.86%;GOS评分4~5分)明显高于经颞组(40.63%;P0.05)。结论神经导航辅助下内镜手术治疗高血压性基底节区出血时,经额入路相对于经颞入路可以提高血肿清除率,改善预后,是较优的手术入路。     

CT仿真内镜在内镜经鼻蝶窦垂体瘤手术中的应用

目的 探讨CT仿真内镜( CTVE)技术在神经内镜经鼻蝶窦垂体腺瘤手术中的应用价值.方法 自2010年9月至2011年6月,应用神经内镜行经鼻蝶窦垂体瘤切除术38例,患者术前均行蝶鞍区320排CT容积扫描,进行CT仿真内镜图像重建,将术前CTVE和术中神经内镜图像进行比较,分析两者在该手术入路过程中的相关性及吻合度.结果 CTVE可于术前模拟神经内镜经鼻蝶窦垂体瘤手术,显示手术入路过程中各个解剖结构.CTVE能于术前很好显示鼻腔、蝶窦、鞍底及周围解剖标志的三维图像,与术中内镜图像非常相似,解剖结构的吻合度良好,而蝶窦的大小、气化程度和分隔情况是影响CTVE图像的重要因素.结论 CTVE不仅可以成为内镜垂体瘤手术的训练工具,而且能够在术前直观地显示患者手术入路过程中个性化的解剖结构及变异,指导术前计划、提高手术操作的安全性.     

神经内镜下经鼻-蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤(附60例临床分析)

目的 ;总结神经内镜下经鼻-蝶窦入路行垂体腺瘤切除的手术技巧。方法 2008年4月~2011年3月间共60例内镜下经单鼻孔蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤。结果肿瘤全切除32例,近全切除17例,大部切除9例,活检2例;术中脑脊液漏9例,予修补;海绵窦出血3例,无颈内动脉损伤;术后一过性尿崩症11例,脑脊液漏2例,脑膜炎1例,均治愈。术后病理示:非功能性腺瘤26例,生长激素腺瘤16例,泌乳素腺瘤12例,促肾上腺皮质激素腺瘤6例。随访1个月~3年,所有患者临床症状改善;肿瘤复发8例,予放射治疗5例,再次手术3例。结论神经内镜为经鼻-蝶手术提供了独特的解剖细节,内镜下经鼻蝶窦垂体瘤切除术安全可靠;术者对内镜下解剖的熟悉,手术器械的熟练使用及操作技巧,与肿瘤切除程度及降低手术并发症密切相关。     

经后颞下入路暴露岩斜区及小脑桥脑角的神经内镜解剖学研究

目的研究经后颞下入路-经天幕暴露岩斜区及小脑桥脑角的神经内镜下血管神经解剖结构,探索岩斜区及小脑桥脑角可利用的间隙。方法成年新鲜尸头9例(18侧),交替使用0°、30°角神经内镜经后颞下入路-经小脑幕探查岩斜区及小脑桥脑角,并用摄像系统对相关的解剖结构及解剖标志纪录。结果小脑桥脑角在神经内镜下分为结构清晰的上、中、下三个间隙,三个间隙均有充分的操作空间,分别经三个间隙推进神经内镜后岩斜区得以暴露。结论神经内镜下经后颞下入路-经天幕能充分的暴露岩斜区、小脑桥脑角及周边解剖结构。