应用神经内镜手术治疗脑囊虫

目的：探讨应用神经内镜治疗脑囊虫的方法和意义。方法：应用神经内镜探查、冲洗、摘除脑囊虫。结果：10例脑室内囊虫,2例脑实质囊虫（形成囊性占位效应）摘除,2例行脑室－腹腔分流。14例均疗效满意。无明显并发症。结论：用神经内镜治疗服囊虫具有安全、高效、并发症少的优势。     

内镜辅助半椎板入路下椎管内肿瘤手术治疗的临床疗效观察

目的 分析椎管内肿瘤患者在神经内镜下行肿瘤切除术的疗效及并发症,总结内镜下椎管内肿瘤手术的治疗体会.方法 回顾性分析山西省人民医院神经外科2008年1月-2015年9月收治的24例椎管内肿瘤患者的病例资料,术前经MRI检查均确诊为椎管内占位,应用神经内镜行肿瘤切除手术治疗,术后对患者进行长期随访,观察疗效与并发症.结果 全部患者术后症状均有不同程度的改善,感觉障碍程度减轻,肢体肌力增强,神经电生理学损害减轻.术后未见严重并发症出现.24例患者中,肿瘤全切除17例,大部分切除7例.伴有脊髓栓系者术中同时行栓系松解术.结论 内镜辅助半椎板入路椎管内肿瘤切除术,对周围结构损伤轻微,对脊椎解剖结构影响小,方法可行,疗效明确,定位准确,且术后恢复快,是一种新型、安全、有效的手术途径.     

全神经内镜下经鼻蝶入路手术治疗垂体腺瘤72例临床分析

目的 探讨和评价全神经内镜下经鼻蝶入路切除垂体瘤的手术技巧及临床应用价值.方法 2009年1月至2012年3月,完成72例单纯神经内镜经鼻-蝶垂体瘤切除术,回顾性分析患者术前、术后症状及激素水平变化、影像学资料、手术资料、并发症、随访资料等. 结果 72例病例中非功能性腺瘤22例(30.6％),泌乳素腺瘤24例(33.3％),生长激素腺瘤7例(9.7％),促肾上腺皮质激素腺瘤5例(6.9％),促甲状腺激素腺瘤1例(1.4％),多分泌性腺瘤13例(18.1％);肿瘤全切除56例(77.8％),次全切除13例(18.0％),部分切除3例(4.2％);并发脑脊液漏5例,出现短暂性尿崩6例.术后随访3 ～ 24个月,大部分功能性腺瘤术后激素基本恢复正常水平,术后1例视力变差,其余患者症状亦基本恢复正常. 结论 全神经内镜经鼻蝶手术切除垂体腺瘤是一项安全、微创、有效的方法,具有全程直视下切除肿瘤的优点,但系统、专业的训练及相应的设备是必不可少的.     

侧脑室后角入路脉络丛神经内镜手术的相关解剖学研究

目的 通过解剖学研究为神经内镜下侧脑室脉络丛手术提供解剖学依据.方法 观察8例(16侧)固定成人尸头标本上的脉络丛形态及其供血动脉的走形,测量各部位脉络丛的宽度、到中线的距离及其供血动脉的管径,并确定侧脑室后角入路脉络丛手术的最佳穿刺点.结果 侧脑室内的大部分脉络丛集中在三角部和颞角;其脉络点、颞凸点和三角部至中线距离分别是(25.6±2.0)mm,(32.2±1.1)mm,(29.1±1.3)mm;脉络丛颞部、球部、体部宽度不同[(6.40+0.64)mm、(13.53±1.03)mm、(3.70±0.59)mm],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);侧脑室脉络丛由根部血管供血,突出的脉络球由脉络丛前动脉外侧干供血:神经内镜下双侧脑室后角入路脉络丛手术的最佳穿刺点是枕外粗隆上5 cm、旁开3 cm,穿刺方向指向同侧眼球.结论 神经内镜下双侧脑事后角最佳穿刺点入路行脉络从手术有利于最大面积的烧灼脉络丛组织,手术中可烧灼或离断脉络丛前动脉外侧干以阻断颞部脉络丛外侧份及脉络丛球部供血,不会影响丘脑、室管膜下及颞叶等重要功能区域的血液供应.     

CT引导立体定向神经内窥镜手术治疗高血压脑出血

目的 探讨CT引导立体定向神经内窥镜手术治疗高血压脑出血的方法和疗效.方法 选择我科自2005年至2006年收治的25例高血压脑出血患者,局麻下安装ASA602A型定向仪,CT扫描后导人手术计划系统,选择血肿最大层面,取血肿中心偏后1～1.5 cm处为靶点,测得坐标,设计手术切121及入路,全麻下环钻开颅,颅骨孔直径约3 cm,导入血肿排空针,排出部分血肿后,置入神经内窥镜进行血肿清除并止血. 结果 25例高血压脑出血患者中术后24 h血肿清除率达60%～70%10例;80%～90%11例;达90%以上4例,给予拔除引流管.72 h复查颅脑CT,患者血肿清除率均达90%以上,均拔除引流管.术后3个月日常生活能力评分示显著好转14例:好转9例;死亡2例,分别于术后10d、14 d死于肺部感染. 结论 立体定向神经内窥镜手术治疗高血压脑出血是一种定位精确、微创、血肿清除率较高和疗效较好的治疗方法.     

松果体区神经内镜解剖学研究

目的 观察松果体区及其毗邻结构的神经内镜下解剖特点,探讨内镜下各经典入路的解剖通路及操作技巧,为临床神经内镜下松果体区手术的操作提供解剖基础. 方法 选取100g/L甲醛固定的国人成年尸体头颅标本15例,神经内镜下分别模拟枕叶下经天幕入路和幕下小脑上入路,观察2种手术入路下松果体区解剖结构的暴露范围与内镜可调整程度,测量手术入路相关解剖结构数据. 结果 模拟枕叶下经天幕入路中,内镜视野及角度调整宽松灵活,显露松果体区各解剖结构满意,模拟幕下小脑上入路中,内镜视野呆板固定,可调整性差;经测量大脑大静脉长度为(10.2±4.1) mm,大脑内静脉长度为(35.0±2.8) mm,基底静脉长度为(35.4±6.4)mm,直窦长度为(51.1±5.2) mm,大脑大静脉与直窦的平均角度为(75.20±10.4)°,其中锐角14例,钝角1例,直窦的延长线位于胼胝体压部下方3例,与胼胝体压部上边相切11例;位于胼胝体压部上方1例. 结论 枕叶下经天幕入路较幕下小脑上入路对松果体区内镜解剖结构显露更为满意,天幕切开可改善枕叶下经天幕入路部分对侧解剖结构显露不足及内镜调整困难的缺点.     

Endoscopic treatment of suprasellar arachnoid cysts

Objective  Arachnoid cysts constitute 1% of all intracranial mass lesions not resulting from trauma. Suprasellar arachnoid cysts (SACs) are uncommon. Obstructive hydrocephalus is the most common cause of initial symptoms and occurs in almost 90% of the patients with suprasellar arachnoid cyst. We report on 17 patients with suprasellar arachnoid cyst who were treated with neuroendoscopic intervention. Materials and methods  Seventeen patients with SAC had been operated on between 1999 and 2007 in our institution. Five patients had previously undergone shunting procedures or craniotomy. Nine boys and eight girls ranged in age from 4 months to 17 years (mean 53.2 months). All patients had hydrocephalus. A wide ventriculocystostomy (VC) or a ventriculo-cysto-cisternostomy (VCC) was done by using rigid neuroendoscopes. Psychometric evaluation was administered postoperatively, when possible. Follow-up of the patients ranged from 6 months to 7 years (mean 41.6 months). Results  Of the 17 patients, 12 underwent endoscopic procedure as the primary surgery. VC only was performed in the first patient. In the remaining 16 patients, VCC was done. A slit-valve mechanism was observed in 14 patients. Three patients needed a VP shunt, despite a successful VCC. Three of five patients, younger than 1 year of age became shunt dependent and none of the patients older than 1 year of age needed shunting. In four patients presented with shunt malfunction, the shunts were removed after endoscopic surgery. Only one subject’s total score was under the normal IQ limits but her subtests scores were heterogeneous. However, there was marked discrepancy among her subtests scores. Conclusion  Endoscopic surgery should be the first choice in the management of SACs. Neuroendoscopic VCC is successful in the majority of the cases. Presented in part at the Third World Conference of the International Study Group on Neuroendoscopy (ISGNE), 15–18 June 2005, Marburg, Germany.     

Transorbital neuroendoscopic surgery for the treatment of skull base lesions

Transorbital neuroendoscopic surgery (TONES) is a relatively new technique that not only allows access to the contents of the orbit but also the intracranial compartment, including the anterior cranial fossa, middle fossa and lateral cavernous sinus. In this study, we aimed to retrospectively review the largest experience to our knowledge with regards to surgical outcomes of skull base pathologies treated with a TONES procedure. Forty patients (aged 3–89 years) underwent 45 TONES procedures between the years of 2006–2013. Pathologies were cerebrospinal fluid leak repair (n = 16), traumatic fracture (n = 8), tumor (n = 11), meningoencephalocele (n = 5), hematoma (n = 1), and infection (n = 4). Three patients had a persistent complication at 3 months, including a case each of enophthalmos (unnoticed by patient), epiphora (delayed presentation at 2 months requiring dacryocystorhinostomy), and ptosis (improved at 1 year). Surgical success was achieved in all patients. Of special import, there were no cases of visual decline, diplopia, or stroke. There was no mortality. To our knowledge this is the first study and largest experience of TONES (level 4 evidence) to detail outcomes with respect to skull base pathologies. Our results indicate that TONES procedures can be performed with minimal morbidity. Further studies are needed to assess equivalency with craniotomy based approaches though this initial report is encouraging.     

Muslin granuloma presenting with speech disturbance diagnosed by endoscopic biopsy

Clinical report  We report the case of a 56 year-old woman who presented with worsening speech and poor seizure control eleven years after undergoing wrapping of a middle cerebral artery aneurysm. Radiological and histological findings were consistent with a muslin granuloma with a large cystic component. The cyst was drained endoscopically and an Omaya reservoir placed. The patient’s speech improved and so did their seizure control. Discussion  This is the first case in which this rare complication of aneurysm surgery has caused speech deterioration. This is also the first case in which neuroendoscopy has been successfully employed to obtain tissue for diagnosis and to treat such a lesion.