狗喉上神经袢神经束性质的鉴别

用成年杂种狗１２只，在全麻状态下放血，取其颈交感干与喉上神经外支间的交通支及其与喉上神经外支汇合后的神经干，甲醛固定，明胶包埋，恒冷切片后用Ｋａｒｎｏｖｓｋｙ乙酰胆碱酯酶组化方法，对上述材料进行观察。我们发现交通支多为无髓纤维，酶反应呈强阳；混合后的神经含有髓酶反应阳性和阴性纤维及无髓酶反应强阳性纤维，证实喉上神经袢含有体躯运动、内脏运动（交感神经）纤维及感觉纤维。因此，喉上神经拌为混合神经。     

弥可保对断指再植后感觉恢复的疗效评价

目的探讨弥可保（甲基维生素B12）对周围神经损伤患者的感觉神经再生作用并对比不同剂量弥可保的神经再生作用。方法将62例81指近节断指再植术后的病例，根据急诊病历号随机分为3组：A组：弥可保1500μg肌肉注射，每日1次，共30次后改为500μg口服，每日3次，共4个月。B组：弥可保500μg肌肉注射，每日1次，共30次后改为500μg口服，每日3次，共4个月。C组：阴性对照组。术后随访4～6个月，平均随访5．6个月。定期测定再植手指指腹的30g压觉，2g触觉，5g痛觉以及两点分辨觉。结果3组对照，实验组手指感觉功能恢复均明显优于阴性对照组，1500μg弥可保组感觉功能恢复显著优于500μg弥可保组。结论弥可保对周围神经损伤后的恢复有促进作用，且与药物的剂量呈正相关。     

Lähmung des N. hypoglossus nach operativem Eingriff – Behandlung mit Akupunktur

Acupuncture is able to accelerate the process of healing significantly when employed in cases of nerve paresis as shown in the following analysis. The patient's constant condition of speech and swallowing impediment before treatment changed relatively fast after starting acupuncture treatment. It is self evident that we took into account the primary disease (AIDS) and its problems. The simplicity of a complementary treatment with acupuncture according to the possible results should make us consider the use of acupuncture as an important way to treat paresis in the early subacute phase and if possible during clinical stay.     

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related chronic relapsing inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy with multifocal unusual onion bulbs in sural nerve biopsy

Summary This is obviously the first report on a case with a spontaneous sensu strictu relapsing variant of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related polyneuropathy. Its manifestation preceded LAS. Intrathecal HIV-antibodies developed between the most severe third and fourth episode. Analysis of sural nerve biopsy was consistent with a multifocally accentuated chronic inflammatory demyelination, characterized by unusual onion bulb-like Schwann cell formations with irregular voluminous layers, electron density, aggregation of filaments, multiple indented nuclei, and numerous enclosed collagen pockets. A direct or immune-mediated indirect specific influence on Schwann cell morphology by HIV might be discussed. Virus-like particles and ultrastructural markers of HIV were not detectable.     

左旋多巴诱发异动症大鼠纹状体前强啡肽原基因与DARPP-32蛋白磷酸化的关系

目的研究左旋多巴诱发异动症(levodopa-induced dyskinesias,LID)大鼠纹状体内前强啡肽原(prodynorphin,PDyn)基因表达与DARPP-32蛋白磷酸化状态的变化,探讨LID时直接通路过度活化的机制。方法6-羟多巴胺(6-OHDA)大鼠模型应用左旋多巴治疗28 d诱发LID大鼠模型。采用原位杂交技术检测PDyn mRNA水平,逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)及免疫印迹技术检测LID大鼠纹状体内总DARPP-32的mRNA与蛋白表达及其Thr-34位点磷酸化水平。结果LID大鼠毁损侧PDyn mRNA表达(0.3662±0.0625)较对照组(0.2085±0.0573)及L-dopa治疗组(0.2235±0.0582)明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。LID大鼠毁损侧Thr-34位点磷酸化的DARPP-32蛋白水平(1075.2±103.3)较对照组(198.7±49.5)及L-dopa治疗组(213.9±58.9)明显增高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论DARPP-32蛋白的Thr-34位点的磷酸化水平的改变是LID时多巴胺D1受体介导的直接通路异常活化的关键因素之一。     

甲状腺手术显露喉返神经的临床研究

目的探讨甲状腺手术时显露喉返神经(RLN)对预防RLN损伤的作用。方法分析810例甲状腺手术中252例甲状腺手术中显露RLN(甲组)和558例术中未显露RLN(乙组)患者的临床资料。结果虽然甲组甲状腺手术切除范围大于乙组;但甲组RLN损伤发生率(1.19%)明显低于乙组(3.05%)(P<0.01)。结论甲状腺手术时有选择地显露喉返神经,可明显降低喉返神经损伤发生率。     

喉返神经解剖在甲状腺手术中的应用研究

目的探讨解剖喉返神经在甲状腺手术中的应用。方法回顾分析因甲状腺疾病行手术治疗的236例患者的临床资料,共施行甲状腺手术335侧次;甲组101例行甲状腺手术158侧次,术中均未解剖喉返神经,其中57例行双侧甲状腺手术。乙组135例行甲状腺手术同时解剖喉返神经177侧次,其中42例因双侧甲状腺手术而行双侧喉返神经解剖。结果喉返神经损伤均发生在切除甲状腺范围包含背侧腺体时。甲组暂时性损伤2例,永久性损伤1例,损伤率为1.9%;乙组暂时性损伤1例,无永久性损伤病例,损伤率为0.56%;两组差异有统计学意义(χ2=0.382,P<0.01)。结论甲状腺手术中解剖喉返神经能减少喉返神经的损伤,切除背侧腺体时应常规解剖喉返神经。     

桡神经移位术在肱骨中下段骨折内固定中的解剖与临床应用

目的:通过对肱骨中下段和桡神经的解剖观测,设计桡神经移位术,为肱骨中下段骨折内固定术中或术后取内固定物避免损伤提供解剖学依据。方法:采用解剖学技术,对15具10%甲醛固定的成人男性尸体30侧上肢桡神经的走行、分支与肱深血管的关系进行了解剖观察与测量,同时对100侧干燥肱骨的长度、桡神经沟长度及桡神经走行的角度(桡神经沟与肱骨纵轴夹角)进行观测,并将其结果进行统计学处理后应用于桡神经移位术的方案设计及实施。结果:①骨标本测量:肱骨平均长度左侧为(30.60±1.46)cm(27.80～33.00cm),右侧为(31.38±1.23)cm(29.20～33.70cm);桡神经沟平均长度左侧为(56.52±10.13)mm(43.82～75.68mm),右侧为(65.74±5.80)mm(55.42～78.82mm);桡神经走行的平均角度左侧为(13.00±1.08)°(10.00°～13.50°),右侧为(13.86±0.97)°(10.50°～14.50°)。②尸体标本观察:桡神经走行中的角度:桡神经在桡神经沟内由内上斜向外下方,穿过外侧肌间隔后行向内下方,形成向内开放的钝角。角度明显29侧(占96.67%);不明显1侧(占3.33%)。③桡神经分为浅深支的位置:在肱骨内外上髁连线(髁间线)以上17侧(占56.67%),在髁间线以下10侧(占33.33%),平髁间线3侧(占10.00%)。④从桡神经出口到桡神经分叉的平均距离(弧距)为(14.26±1.01)cm(12.80～19.20cm)。⑤桡神经和相邻肱深血管的关系:桡神经在肱深血管内侧12侧,在肱深血管外侧10侧,和肱深血管相交叉8侧。⑥临床56例肱骨中下段骨折患者,行桡神经移位术后肱骨中下段骨折内固定,骨折全部愈合,无桡神经损伤等并发症。结论:桡神经移位术设计合理,符合桡神经的解剖生理,为肱骨中下段骨折进行各种内固定提供了更大的操作空间,减少了术中或术后(取内固定时)桡神经再损伤的发生,且不增加手术难度和损伤,是一种理想的术式。     

FK506缓释膜应用于同种异体神经移植的实验研究

目的研究普乐可复(prograf,FK506)缓释膜在同种异体神经移植中的作用。方法应用异体神经桥接大鼠坐骨神经缺损,术中局部应用FK506缓释膜,分别于术后4、8、12周对移植物行大体和光镜观察,及轴突图像分析、移植神经电镜检查、小腿三头肌肌湿重比较、患肢坐骨神经电生理检查。结果C组(应用FK506缓释膜)的神经生长最好,基本与D组(自体神经移植)相同,B组(经预处理异体神经移植)次之,A组(新鲜异体神经移植)最差。经过对肌电图、轴突计数、肌湿重的统计学分析,C、B、A组的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),C、D组之间差异无统计学意义。结论应用FK506缓释膜有助于减轻同种异体神经的免疫排斥反应,为神经再生创造良好条件;在同种异体神经移植中应用FK506缓释膜有助于促进神经再生。     

Mapping the rat somatosensory pathway from the anterior cruciate ligament nerve endings to the cerebrum

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) serves as the primary restraint to anterior tibial translation. In addition to this biomechanical function, the ACL appears to have a function in neuromuscular control. This hypothesis was formulated after the discovery of mechanoreceptors within the ACL. The full somatosensory pathway from the ACL to the cerebrum has yet to be elucidated. In order to map this sensory pathway, we conducted a viral trans-synaptic tracing experiment using the neurotropic pseudorabies virus (PRV). The pseudorabies virus was injected into the ACL of rats and allowed to replicate and spread trans-synaptically for 6-7 days. The brain and spinal cord of each sacrificed rat was then removed and processed immunohistochemically to detect the presence of PRV. PRV-immunoreactive neurons were found to be localized in several different regions from the spinal cord to the cerebrum. Four nuclei in the reticular formation of the brain stem demonstrated strong positive labeling: the mesencephalic reticular nucleus, magnocellular reticular nucleus, paragigantocellular reticular nucleus, and gigantocellular reticular nucleus. This finding suggests that the nerve endings of the rat ACL project into the cerebrum and that the reticular formation may play an important role in the afferent pathway of those nerve endings.