一例坏死性筋膜炎的伤口处理及护理体会

坏死性筋膜炎（NF）是一种罕见的、潜在威胁生命的进行性感染性疾病，表现为感染沿深浅筋膜播散，在累及的血管内形成血栓，引起相应皮肤、皮下组织及筋膜组织坏死，多伴有毒血症。NF可继发于任何皮肤损伤或血源性传播，之后快速扩展至整个肢体。因此，早期控制感染，正确处理伤口，是保住患者肢体，提高患者生存质量的关键。     

Stem cell therapy in necrotizing enterocolitis: Current state and future directions

Stem cell therapy is a promising treatment modality for necrotizing enterocolitis. Among the many promising stem cells identified to date, it is likely that mesenchymal stem cells will be the most useful and practical cell-based therapies for this condition. Using acellular components such as exosomes or other paracrine mediators are promising as well. Multiple mechanisms are likely at play in the positive effects provided by these cells, and further research is underway to further elucidate these effects.     

Feeding associated neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (Primary NEC) is an inflammatory bowel disease

Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis which develops after feeding preterm infants is characterized by severe intestinal inflammation and profound systemic metabolic acidosis. The fermentation of undigested dietary carbohydrate by colonic flora yields gases (CO₂ and H₂) and short chain organic acids. These organic acids can disrupt the intestinal mucosa and initiate inflammation driven predominantly by resident mast cells and by granulocytes which are recruited from blood. A systemic acidosis ensues derived from intestinal acids, not classic lactic acidosis produced from anaerobic metabolism. The systemic acidosis further compromises inflamed bowel leading to bowel necrosis.     

联用灯盏花素选择性动脉介入治疗老年重症急性胰腺炎的临床观察

目的：观察联用灯盏花素选择性动脉介入治疗老年重症急性胰腺炎患者的临床疗效。 方法：将60例老年SAP患者（年龄≥60岁）随机分为观察组（32例）和对照组（28例），对照组采用奥曲肽与抗生素持续性胰腺区域动脉灌注，观察组采用以上灌注药物加用灯盏花素持续性胰腺区域动脉灌注，比较两组治疗效果。 结果：治疗7 d后，两组APACHE II评分均较治疗前降低（均P<0.05），但观察组的APACHE II评分明显低于对照组（P<0.05）；两组血清肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、白介素6（IL-6）水平均较治疗前明显降低（均P<0.05），但观察组两者的下降程度大于与对照组（均P<0.05）。观察组总并发症发生率明显低于对照组（34.38% vs. 60.71%，P<0.05），观察组中转手术率与病死率均低于对照组（12.5% vs. 21.5%；9.38% vs. 14.29%），但差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。 结论：联用灯盏花素选择性动脉介入治疗老年SAP具有良好的疗效。     

Pathogenesis of NEC: Role of the innate and adaptive immune response

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease in premature infants with high case fatality and significant morbidity among survivors. Immaturity of intestinal host defenses predisposes the premature infant gut to injury. An abnormal bacterial colonization pattern with a deficiency of commensal bacteria may lead to a further breakdown of these host defense mechanisms, predisposing the infant to NEC. Here, we review the role of the innate and adaptive immune system in the pathophysiology of NEC.