Fat necrosis in the scrotum is a rare lesion seen only before the age of puberty. The authors add one case of their own to three earlier reports. Common to most patients reported are the strict age limits between 9 and 12 years at the onset, exposure to cold, a tender mass in close connection with one or both testicles, and difficulties in differentiating this condition preoperatively from other forms of acute scrotum. Microscopic similarities with cold panniculitis are discussed.
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: In a retrospective analysis, we evaluated the Gustave-Roussy Institute’s experience of locoregional control, survival, and complications of low-dose rate brachytherapy for carcinoma of the floor of the mouth.
: Between 1970 and 1985, 160 patients with previously untreated carcinoma of the floor of the mouth received interstitial brachytherapy as definitive treatment. Of the 160 patients, 79 (49%) had T1 and 81 (51%) had T2 lesions, and 127 (79%) had N0 and 33 (21%) had N1; 84% of tumors arose from the anterior floor of the mouth. Brachytherapy was performed with 192Ir wires, according to the Paris system rules, followed by neck dissection (T2 or N1) or follow-up (T1N0).
: With a follow-up period of 9–19 years, the observed survival rates were 89% at 2 years and 76% at 5 years, and the local control rates were 93% in T1 and 88% in T2 tumors. A low rate of distant metastases was noticed (5%); 31% of patients developed a second primary cancer. Severe mucosal necrosis was observed in <10% of patients. Any grade of bone necrosis was seen in 18% of cases (only 2.5% had G3 necrosis). This complication occurred more frequently in patients with poor dental status and in those treated without dental protection during implantation (p <0.001).
: Radical brachytherapy offers excellent local control (89%) and an acceptable rate of complications (<10% severe necrosis) that may be significantly decreased with dental care and the use of protective devices. The high incidence of second malignancies remains a major concern in these patients. 相似文献
The effects of neurotrophic factors on necrotic neuronal death are controversial. In this study we found that both neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) potentiated necrotic neuronal death caused by exposure to oxygen-glucose deprivation or iron-citrate (Fe) in cortical cultures. However, there were significant differences in the actions of the two neurotrophic factors. Neurotrophin-4 protected against apoptotic neuronal death, while bFGF had no effect on apoptotic death in these cultures. Furthermore, potentiation of oxygen-glucose deprivation induced necrotic death by NT-4 required pretreatment (24 h), while pretreatment with bFGF had no effect. However, acute treatment with bFGF during oxygen-glucose deprivation did potentiate neuronal death. Both neurotrophic factors potentiated free radical mediated necrotic neuronal death induced by exposure to Fe. However, the RNA synthesis inhibitor, actinomycin-D, blocked the injury potentiation by NT-4, but not that caused by bFGF. Also, NT-4, but not bFGF, potentiated Fe induced necrotic death in pure neuronal cultures. Expression of mRNA for FGF receptors FGFR1 and FGFR2 was observed at high levels in astrocytes. The results indicate that the injury enhancing effects of bFGF are acute, while those of NT-4 require prolonged exposure and new protein synthesis. Furthermore, the effects of bFGF appear to be mediated through actions on astrocytes, while NT-4 appears to act directly on neurons. The fact that neurotrophic factors from two distinct families can potentiate neuronal death by two different mechanisms suggests that such injury potentiation may be a common concern regarding the use of neurotrophic factors. 相似文献
目的:通过检测兔激素性股骨头坏死造模及高压氧治疗过程中的血液流变学变化,探讨激素性股骨头坏死的发病机理。方法:健康日本成年大耳白兔48只,随机分模型组(36只)及对照组(12只)。模型组每周2次肌肉注射醋酸泼尼松龙10 mg/kg,对照组每周2次肌肉注射生理盐水2 m l,共6周。随后将模型组随机分高压氧治疗组(12只)及对照组(12只),治疗组行高压氧治疗,对照组呼吸常压新鲜空气。检测试验后2周、4周、6周、8周、10周、12周兔血液流变学参数变化、观察组织形态学变化。结果:模型组实验2、4、6周全血粘度、血浆粘度均显著高于对照组;股骨头骨质疏松,镜下空骨陷窝数和脂肪细胞数逐渐增多,骨细胞体积缩小,核固缩。高压氧治疗后全血粘度、血浆粘度均低于对照组,坏死的骨细胞有修复现象,并可见新生骨细胞。结论:大剂量激素可造成兔血流变学特性恶化,可能是兔股骨头坏死的重要原因之一;高压氧可使恶化的血液流变学趋向好转,对股骨头坏死有一定治疗作用。 相似文献