中药脑肺康对地鼠实验性肺气肿及肺动脉高压的防治作用

目的 观察中药肺康对缺氧性肺动脉高压和肺气肿的防治效果并探讨其作用机制。方法 以弹性蛋白酶溶液滴注入金黄地鼠气管内,正常饲养３０ｄ后,常压下缺氧１５ｄ,分别设立中药脑肺康预防组、治疗组、肺气肿＋缺氧组及正常对照组。于处死动物前,测量平均肺动脉压,取静脉血进行循环内皮细胞计数;处死后测量右心肥大指数,光镜下计数左侧肺支气管肺泡灌洗液内细胞总数,对右侧肺进行光镜图像分析。结果 中药脑肺康预防组和治疗３     

Depressed natural killer cell activity due to decreased natural killer cell population in a vitamin E-deficient patient with Shwachman syndrome: reversible natural killer cell abnormality by α-tocopherol supplementation

Natural Killer (NK) cell activity was examined in a 16-month-old Japanese boy with Shwachman syndrome associated with severe vitamin E deficiency. As evaluated by ⁵¹Cr-release assay from K562 cells, NK cell activity was constantly decreased. After 8 weeks of oral α-tocopherol (α-Toc) supplementation (100 mg/day), NK cell activity had normalised. When α-Toc supplementation was interrupted for 16 weeks, NK cell activity again decreased. Flow cytometry of peripheral lymphocytes revealed a lowered number of CD16⁺ CD 56⁻ fraction, which has the most potent NK cell activity. Single cell-in-agarose assay, to investigate the binding and cytolytic activity of NK cell at the single cell level, revealed that the number of NK cells which bind to K562 cell was decreased, but that the cytolytic activity of the individual binding cell was relatively unaffected. A second supplementation of α-Toc for 8 weeks successfully restored NK cell activity, the number of cells expressing NK cell markers and the number of K562-binding cells as compared to the age-matched normal range. Conclusion These results indicate that severe vitamin E deficiency caused impaired NK cell activity due to a decrease in the number of CD16⁺ CD56⁻ NK cells and that this abnormality is reversible with α-Toc supple‐mentation. Received: 30 January 1996 and in revised form: 19 November 1996 / Accepted: 22 November 1996     

Soluble CD30 serum antigen in Kawasaki disease

⁴Very high levels of sCD30, a glycoprotein surface antigen expressed by T lymphocytes and other mononuclear cells of the immune system, were found in serum samples from 10 children with typical Kawasaki disease (KD), but not in blood specimens from a vast cohort of paediatric control subjects. These data strongly support an involvement of CD30+T cells in the immune processes which take place at the level of lymphoid organs during the acute phase of KD.     

Electron microscopic localization of nitric oxide I synthase in the organ of Corti of the guinea pig

Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity has been detected previously in the mammalian cochlea at a light microscopic level. Here we present results of electron microscopic analysis for post-embedding immunoreactivity of neural-type NOS I in the cochlea of the guinea pig. Strong enzyme immunoreactivity was identified in the cytoplasm of inner and outer hair cells. Gold-labeled NOS I antibodies were mainly located in electron-dense areas of the cytoplasm, whereas electron-lucent regions of the receptor cells were nearly free from any immunoreactivity. In both types of hair cells anti-NOS I antibodies were also visible in the cuticular plates, hair bundles and nuclei. Further ultrastructural analysis revealed that the submembranous cisternae of the outer hair cells were nearly free from any reaction product, demonstrating that the whole cytoplasm of this hair cell was not immunoreactive. Other NOS I immunoreactivity was identified in the cuticular plates of the inner and outer pillar cells and in the cytoskeletal elements located in the apical parts of Deiter cells, forming the lamina reticularis or in cytoskeletal-containing regions in basal Deiter cells. Anti-NOS antibodies were visible in the nuclei of various cell types. Our findings suggest that nitric oxide produced by NO I synthase in the organ of Corti may act as a modulator of hair cell physiology during the processes of signal transduction with frequence selectivity.     

Alteration of loosely bound calcium in the guinea pig organ of Corti after treatment with diltiazem as calcium channel blocker

After oral administration of the organic calcium channel blocker diltiazem to guinea pigs for 7 days, calcium ions were precipitated with potassium antimonate in the cochleae. The spatial distribution of the precipitates was studied by energy-filtering transmission electron microscopy and the amount of the ultrastructural reaction products formed was determined semiquantitatively by an image processing system. Compared with untreated control ears, the number of the formed precipitates was reduced drastically in the inner hair cells after diltiazem treatment. In addition, electron microscopic analysis revealed that the number of calcium precipitates attached at the basolateral membrane of the outer hair cells was clearly reduced when compared with untreated control specimens. A large number of histochemical reaction products could be identified in the basilar membrane and were also observed in the untreated control specimens. The spatial distribution of the calcium precipitates in the lamina reticularis was not affected by diltiazem treatment and calcium precipitates could be identified within different cell membranes. The technique used was considered to be helpful for identifying calcium channels ultrastructurally in intact undissected tissues and to support light microscopic analyses and patch-clamp electrophysiological measurements.     

Nucleated red blood cells in cord blood of singleton term neonates

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to establish normal values for nucleated red blood cells in term singletons and factors associated with their elevation.STUDY DESIGN: Cord blood was prospectively collected from term singleton gestations from Feb. 1 to July 31, 1995. Umbilical vein white blood cells and nucleated red blood cells were counted and umbilical arterial pH was determined. Medical records provided maternal and neonatal information.RESULTS: Cord blood from 1112 cases was obtained and evaluated for nucleated red blood cells per 100 white blood cells. Nine outliers were censored (nucleated red blood cells per 100 white blood cells = 126 to 830); five cases were excluded because of missing data. The mean value of nucleated red blood cells per 100 white blood cells was 8.55, the SD was 10.27, and the range was 0 to 89. The value did not vary by maternal tobacco or drug use, anemia, fetal presentation, or mode of delivery. Both maternal diabetes and meconium were associated with elevated values, p < 0.01. Apgar scores and cord pHs showed trends toward inverse proportionality to the number of nucleated red blood cells per 100 white blood cells.CONCLUSION: The mean number of nucleated red blood cells per 100 white blood cells was 8.55, with a wide range and SD. Elevated values may be associated with markers of intrauterine hypoxia such as meconium, lower Apgar scores, and lower pH values. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997;176:1149-56.)     

人精浆酸性磷酸酶对小鼠T淋巴细胞产生IL-2的影响

本文研究了从正常人精浆中分离纯化的酸性磷酸酶（ACP）对BALB／c小鼠脾脏细胞来源的T淋巴细胞产生IL-2的影响。本文采用MTT生物学测定法测IL-2活性。实验证明：人糖浆ACP对小鼠T淋巴细胞产生IL-2有明显的抑制作用（P＜0．05），并且抑制作用随ACP剂量的增加而增强。这说明了精浆中大量ACP是构成精浆免疫抑制功能的重要组成成份之一。     

Effect of peritoneal fluid from patients with mild and severe endometriosis on endometrial stromal cell proliferation

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the mitogenic effect of peritoneal fluid (PF) from women with mild and severe endometriosis on the endometrial stromal cell proliferation. Increasing concentrations of PF from women with and without mild or severe endometriosis were added to primary endometrial stromal cell cultures and³H-thymidine incorporation was used to assess DNA synthesis in these cultures. PF from women with mild endometriosis induced a statistically significant dose-dependent increase in stromal cell thymidine uptake ranged from 5.8 to 14.5 fold, whereas PF from women with severe endometriosis produced an average 51% inhibition of stromal cell proliferation of compared with cells exposed to non-endometriosis PF or exposed to nutrient medium supplemented with 2.5% calf serum alone. PF samples from patients with stage I endometriosis induced a statistically dose-dependent increase in stromal cell proliferation, whereas PF from patients with stage IV endometriosis caused a significant inhibition.     

The procoagulant activity of red blood cells from patients with severe preeclampsia

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine whether red blood cells from patients with severe preeclampsia may exhibit increased membrane exposure of procoagulant phospholipids (i.e., phosphatidylserine), which may initiate intravascular clotting and platelet activation. STUDY DESIGN: The study group comprised 28 women: 9 with severe preeclampsia in the third trimester of pregnancy, 10 normotensive with uncomplicated pregnancies, and 9 age-matched, nonpregnant, healthy women. The exposure of phosphatidylserine on the outer membrane phospholipid layer was analyzed with use of isolated, washed red blood cells that were added as a source of phospholipids to a “prothrombinase” coagulation complex. RESULTS: The resultant thrombin formed was measured by an amidolytic assay. Thrombin generation significantly increased on the addition of red blood cells from women with preeclampsia (741 ± 132 mU/ml/min) compared with red blood cells from normotensive pregnant (422 ± 228 mU/ml/min) and nonpregnant women (316 ± 268 mU/ml/min, p = 0.0008). CONCLUSION: This study indicates that in patients with preeclampsia the red blood cells exhibit a significant procoagulant surface that may trigger thrombin formation, thereby playing a role in the hypercoagulable state.(Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997;177:6)