肿瘤免疫评分联合中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值、血小板与淋巴细胞比值对结肠癌术后预后的价值研究

目的探究免疫评分( IS)单独及联合外周血炎症标志物对结肠癌病人术后预后的预测价值。方法以 2013年 1月至 2019年 12月在山西医科大学第一医院接受结肠癌根治术 81例为研究对象,进行为期 5年的跟踪随访。收集病人所有的临床病理资料,并通过免疫组化对所有病人术后病理标本进行免疫评分。行 χ2检验、 Kaplan-Meier生存分析、 Cox回归、构建列线图(nomogram)模型和时间依赖的受试者操作特征曲线( tROC曲线)等分析比较临床病理因素、免疫评分、外周血炎症标志物等与病人总生存期( OS)和无病生存期( DFS)的关系。结果生存分析结果显示,高免疫评分水平与病人的 TNM分期( 38例Ⅰ~Ⅱ期, 43例Ⅲ~Ⅳ期, P=0.006)、术前糖类抗原 199(64例 CA199≤35 μg/L,17例 CA199>35 μg/L,P=0.038)有关。免疫评分( IS≥3比 IS<3)、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值( NLR≤2.82比 NLR>2.82)、血小板与淋巴细胞比值( PLR≤113.15比 PLR>113.15)、术前糖类抗原 199(CA199)(CA199≤35 μg/L比 CA199>35 μg/L)是病人的独立预后因素。将有预后价值的变量整合,建立 OS和 DFS的列线图预测模型,模型 C指数为 0.79和 0.76,校准曲线均表现出良好的一致性。 tROC曲线也证明了该列线图模型预测结肠癌术后的预后价值高于单一指标和传统的 TNM分期系统,其曲线下面积( AUC)分别为 0.88(3年 OS)、 0.85(5年 OS)、 0.84(3年 DFS)、 0.82(5年 DFS)。结论免疫评分联合 NLR、PLR、CA199对结肠癌病人术后预后有较高的预测价值,可为结肠癌预后判断及治疗方案的选择提供依据,值得临床推广应用。     

腹腔镜肾癌根治术后切口感染的手术室相关因素分析及术前NLR、PLR的意义

目的 探讨腹腔镜肾癌根治术后手术切口感染的手术室相关因素分析及术前血清中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值（NLR）及血小板与淋巴细胞比值（PLR）的意义。方法 选取2013年12月～2021年12月在中国科学院大学宁波华美医院泌尿外科861例行腹腔镜肾癌根治术患者为研究对象,手术后合并切口感染的患者作为研究组,手术后未并发切口感染的患者作为对照组。同时比较研究组和对照组患者血清NLR及PLR水平,统计分析手术后发生切口感染的患者的手术室相关因素。结果 非层流手术室、手术时间>3 h、术中低体温（P<0.05）是手术后切口感染的独立危险因素;研究组血清NLR及PLR水平高于对照组;血清NLR及PLR联合诊断切口感染敏感度及特异度较高。结论 非层流手术室、手术时间>3 h、术中低体温是腹腔镜肾癌根治术后切口感染发生的危险因素,感染组患者血清NLR及PLR水平,可作为诊断术后感染及评估病情的重要生物学指标。     

NLR、LMR和PLR与骨肉瘤预后的关系

目的 探讨术前中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、淋巴细胞/单核细胞比值(LMR)、血小板/淋巴细胞比值(PLR)对预测骨肉瘤患者预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析接受同样治疗方案的70例骨肉瘤患者的临床和生存资料,计算出初次确诊为骨肉瘤时的NLR、PLR和LMR,ROC曲线分析NLR、PLR和LMR的AUC值并确定最佳预测...     

术前NLR、PLR与三阴性乳腺癌患者预后的相关性分析

目的:探讨术前外周血中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞计数比值(NLR)联合血小板与淋巴细胞计数比值(PLR)对三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)患者预后的评估价值。方法:收集155例TNBC患者，根据NLR水平分为低NLR组和高NLR组，根据PLR水平分为低PLR组和高PLR组，分别分析NLR和PLR与TNBC患者临床特征和预后的关系，采用χ2检验进行影响患者预后的单因素分析，Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线，Cox回归模型分析影响患者预后的独立危险因素。结果:术前外周血NLR与TNBC患者的淋巴结转移、病理分期及复发转移有关(P＜0.05)，与年龄、肿瘤大小、组织学分级及月经均无关(P＞0.05)。PLR与TNBC患者的临床特征无关(P＞0.05)。单因素分析结果显示:淋巴结转移、病理分期、NLR、复发转移与患者的3年无病进展期相关。Cox回归模型多因素分析结果显示，病理分期、淋巴结转移、NLR是影响TNBC患者预后的独立风险因素。结论:NLR与 TNBC患者的病理分期、淋巴结转移及复发转移密切相关，高NLR可作为判断患者预后的独立危险因素；PLR与TNBC患者的临床特征及预后无明显相关性。     

外周血中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值在慢性阻塞性肺病相关肺动脉高压患者中的预后价值

目的：探讨外周血中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio,NLR)对慢性阻塞性肺病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)相关肺动脉高压患者预后的评判价值。方法：选择2013年1月至2014年3月收治入上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院急诊科的200例COPD相关肺动脉高压(pulmonary hypertension,PH)患者为研究对象,对其进行至少2年的生存随访,随访终点为全因死亡,按照生存情况分为生存组和死亡组;记录各组入院24 h的一般临床资料,血常规[C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、中性粒细胞计数(neutrophils count,NEU)及淋巴细胞计数(lymphocyte count,LYM)并计算两者间比值(NLR)]、肌酐、尿素氮、胆红素、WHO肺动脉高压功能分级、肺动脉收缩压等;绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线,分析NLR预测患者预后的临床价值;并以Kaplan-Meier法绘制观察指标不同水平下的生存曲线,进行生存分析。COX回归分析各指标提示预后的价值。结果：死亡组患者NLR,CRP,WHO肺动脉高压功能分级、肺动脉收缩压、尿素氮、肌酐、中性粒细胞计数高于生存组,淋巴细胞计数低于生存组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。根据ROC曲线分析,NLR的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.720(P<0.01),高于肌酐(AUC=0.716)、中性粒细胞计数(AUC=0.655)、肺动脉收缩压(AUC=0.652)及CRP(AUC=0.643)。当NLR截断值为4.7时,其灵敏度为74.2%,特异度为72.0%。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析显示,NLR值水平较高组预后明显差于水平较低组(P<0.01)。单因素Cox回归分析提示NLR是提示患者不良预后的危险因素,多因素Cox回归分析(P>0.05)。结论：NLR水平与COPD相关肺动脉高压患者临床预后呈明显相关;NLR水平越高则提示病情较重,预后较差。     

B cell activating factor is induced by toll-like receptor and NOD-like receptor-ligands and plays critical role in IgM synthesis in Labeo rohita

B-cell activating factor (BAFF), an important member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, plays critical roles in the modulation of B-cell functions and enhancement of immune response in the host. Like higher vertebrates, the important role of BAFF in boosting immune response against diverse pathogens was also envisaged in fishes. We therefore, studied BAFF in rohu (Labeo rohita), a freshwater food fish species of highest economic importance in the Indian subcontinent. Full-length rohu-BAFF- cDNA comprised of 804 bp nucleotide long ORF, encoding 267 amino acid residues, and shared high structural similarity with human-BAFF. It was expressed in the embryonic developmental stages suggesting its key role in immune response at the early life of fish. In Aeromonas hydrophila infection and rhabdoviral antigen stimulation, BAFF-gene expression in rohu was induced across the organs/tissues. Stimulation of un-treated healthy rohu fish leukocytes, and viral or bacterial or BSA (bovine serum albumin) antigen stimulated rohu fish leukocytes with recombinant-BAFF (r-BAFF) resulted in enhanced expression of immunoglobulin (Ig)M. Both in-vitro and in-vivo treatment with toll-like receptor (TLR)- ligand (poly I:C) or nod-like receptor (NLR)- ligands (iE-DAP and MDP) resulted in TLR and NLR activation and BAFF-gene expression. This is the first report showing BAFF-expression by innate immune receptor-ligands and its critical role in enhancing adaptive immune response in fish.     

NLR、PLR及LDL-C/HDL-C与急性冠脉综合症在院主要不良心脏事件的关联

【摘要】 目的 研究中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值（NLR）、血小板与淋巴细胞比值（PLR）及低密度脂蛋白与高密度脂蛋白比值（LDL-C/HDL-C）与急性冠脉综合症（ACS）在院主要不良心脏事件的关系,探讨NLR、PLR、LDL-C/HDL-C对ACS患者在院主要不良心脏事件发生的预测作用。方法 将340例患者依据临床症状、辅助检查及冠脉造影分为正常对照组及ACS组,ACS组以临床诊断及预后分为UA组、NSTEMI组、STEMI组、MACEs组;ACS组又以NLR=5.44分为高NLR组、低NLR组,以PLR=129.70分为高PLR组、低PLR组,以LDL-C/HDL-C=2.75分为高LDL-CL/HDL-C组、低LDL-C/HDL-C组。检测外周血白细胞分类计数、血生化并计算NLR、PLR和LDL-C/HDL-C,应用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析。结果 （1）NLR在正常对照组、UA组、NSTEMI组、STEMI组、MACEs组中依次升高,且两组指标比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;PLR值在正常对照组、UA组、NSTEMI组、STEMI组、MACEs组依次升高,且MACEs组、STEMI组与正常对照组及UA组差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;ACS患者LDL-C/HDL-C值高于正常对照组LDL-C/HDL-C值,且两组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。（2）高NLR组患者在院主要不良心脏事件发生率明显高于低NLR组,两组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;高PLR组患者在院主要不良心脏事件发生率高于低PLR组,两组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。（3）多因素Logistic回归分析显示年龄、高血压、NLR、LDL-C/HDL-C均是ACS的独立危险因素。结论 NLR、LDL-C/HDL-C是ACS的独立危险因素,NLR、PLR对ACS患者在院发生主要不良心脏事件有预测作用。     

Design considerations for liposomal vaccines: influence of formulation parameters on antibody and cell-mediated immune responses to liposome associated antigens

Liposomes (phospholipid bilayer vesicles) are versatile and robust delivery systems for induction of antibody and T lymphocyte responses to associated subunit antigens. In the last 15 years, liposome vaccine technology has matured and now several vaccines containing liposome-based adjuvants have been approved for human use or have reached late stages of clinical evaluation. Given the intensifying interest in liposome-based vaccines, it is important to understand precisely how liposomes interact with the immune system and stimulate immunity. It has become clear that the physicochemical properties of liposomal vaccines - method of antigen attachment, lipid composition, bilayer fluidity, particle charge, and other properties - exert dramatic effects on the resulting immune response. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the physicochemical properties of liposomal vaccines and how they influence immune responses. A discussion of novel and emerging immunomodulators that are suitable for inclusion in liposomal vaccines is also presented. Through a comprehensive analysis of the body of liposomal vaccine literature, we enumerate a series of principles that can guide the rational design of liposomal vaccines to elicit immune responses of a desired magnitude and quality. We also identify major unanswered questions in the field, pointing the direction for future study.     

Prognostic value of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in lung cancer: A meta-analysis

Recently, a series of studies explored the correlation between the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and the prognosis of lung cancer. However, the current opinion regarding the prognostic role of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in lung cancer is inconsistent.We performed a meta-analysis of published articles to investigate the prognostic value of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in lung cancer. The hazard ratio (HR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.An elevated neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio predicted worse overall survival, with a pooled HR of 1.243 (95%CI: 1.106−1.397; P_{heterogeneity}=0.001) from multivariate studies and 1.867 (95%CI: 1.487−2.344; P_{heterogeneity}=0.047) from univariate studies. Subgroup analysis showed that a high neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio yielded worse overall survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (HR=1.192, 95%CI: 1.061−1.399; P_{heterogeneity}=0.003) as well as small cell lung cancer (SCLC) (HR=1.550, 95% CI: 1.156−2.077; P_{heterogeneity}=0.625) in multivariate studies.The synthesized evidence from this meta-analysis of published articles demonstrated that an elevated neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio was a predictor of poor overall survival in patients with lung cancer.