急性心肌梗死溶栓后检测肌红蛋白、肌钙蛋白I、肌酸激酶同工酶对冠脉再通的诊断价值

目的探讨血清肌红蛋白(Mb)、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)和肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)对急性心肌梗死溶栓冠脉再通的早期诊断价值。方法应用酶联免疫分析法测定106例急性心肌梗死患者溶栓治疗后Mb、cTnI、CK-MB浓度的变化,分析急性心肌梗死患者溶栓再通组(73例)和溶栓未通组(33例)上述指标的变化。结果急性心肌梗死溶栓再通组Mb、cTnI和CK-MB达到峰值浓度的时间较未通组明显提前(P<0.05),其中Mb较cTnI、CK-MB峰值出现更早,分别为(5.9±2.5)h、(14.5±3.2)h和(14.8±3.9)h(P<0.01);Mb、cTnI和CK-MB对判断冠脉再通的敏感性、特异性、预测值无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论血清Mb、cTnI和CK-MB可以较好地预测急性心肌梗死患者溶栓再通,其中Mb较cTnI、CK-MB能更早的判定冠状动脉是否再灌注。     

Immunohistochemical study of the kidneys after severe muscular injury

Severe muscular injury sometimes causes renal failure, and myoglobin in skeletal muscle is known to induce toxic free oxygen radicals in the kidneys. The relationship between the immunohistochemical expression of myoglobin and the scavenger copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) was investigated in kidneys taken from two autopsy groups, a group with tourniquet shock (n = 4), and a group with severely injured skeletal muscle (n = 18). Paraffin-embedded kidney sections were used for immunohistochemical staining by the avidin-biotin-complex (ABC) method using antibodies against myoglobin and Cu/Zn-SOD. Detection of the two antigens was analyzed qualitatively. In most cases of tourniquet shock in which the survival time was considered to be relatively long, myoglobin staining was positive and Cu/Zn-SOD was negative. Among the seven cases of severely injured skeletal muscle in which the survival period was considered to be relatively short, positive staining was detected immunohistochemically for both myoglobin and Cu/Zn-SOD. Moreover, in most of the cases in this group that showed acute tubular necrosis, immunohistochemical staining was negative for both markers, whereas positive staining was found for most of the cases in which the kidneys were revealed to be normal by HE staining. These findings suggest that when myoglobin enters the kidneys via the circulation, Cu/Zn-SOD reacts to eliminate free radicals, but is depleted by consumption in the long run, and that there might be a relationship between these histological findings and immunohistochemical expression. Received: 2 December 1999 / Accepted: 22 May 2000     

急性心肌梗死血清标志物的临床应用价值比较

目的比较急性心肌梗死(AMI)血清生化标志物的临床应用价值。方法用化学发光免疫分析法定量检测CK-MBⅡ、MYO、cTnI的含量,酶法测定AST、LDH、CK的活性。比较55例AMI、50例不稳定心绞痛(UA)、28例稳定心绞痛和30例陈旧性心肌梗死患者中以上项目动态变化并分析其特点及在AMI中的诊断意义。结果传统的心肌酶AST、CK、LDH在AMI早期(胸痛发生<6h)诊断敏感性明显低于MYO(p<0.01),所以AMI的早期诊断指标推荐MYO;胸痛发生6～12h,cTnI、CK-MB、MYO的敏感性均高于AST、CK、LDH(p<0.01);12～24h,cTnII、CK-MB则显示出诊断上的优势;48h～7d则cTnI诊断敏感性强于其他各项(p<0.01)。在AMI诊断特异性上,cTnI与CK-MBⅡ相当,优于MYO、CK、AST、LDH(p<0.05)。在介入治疗中,CK-MBⅡ、MYO、cTnI均可反映心肌的损伤,其中以cTnI反映最敏感。结论对AMI的诊断,cTnI、CK-MBⅡ、MYO优于AST、LDH、CK,MYO不升高可排除早期AMI,cTnI能反映心肌的微小损伤,CK-MBⅡ、MYO、eTnI3项指标相互补充对诊断AMI有重要临床价值。     

肺炎支原体肺炎患儿心肌损伤标志物的变化及结果分析

目的观察肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)患儿心肌酶谱、肌红蛋白(Mb)、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、糖原磷酸化酶同工酶BB(GPBB)的变化,以探讨其在肺炎支原体肺炎诊治中的意义。方法对56例支原体肺炎急性期患儿和50例正常对照组儿童,采用全自动生化分析仪检测血清心肌酶谱变化,选用电化学发光方法检测血清Mb和cTnI含量,采用ELISA方法检测血清GPBB的变化。结果MPP患儿组血清AST、LDH、α-HBDH、CK与正常对照组比较,增高极为显著(p<0.01),CK-MB增高显著(p<0.05);MPP患儿组血清Mb含量比正常对照组显著增高,二者相差极为显著(p<0.01),而cTnI、GPBB与正常对照组比较,增高没有Mb程度大(p<0.05)。结论观察MPP急性期患儿心肌损伤标志物的变化情况对于疾病的诊治非常重要,而且对于研究MPP的发病机理也有帮助。     

Myoglobin and cytochrome oxidase in the myocardium of the developing chick

Myocardial tissue of chick embryos and developing chickens of 3 to 30 days of age was investigated by sensitive spectrophotometry. Spectral and kinetic evidence showed that no hemoglobin was present in the myocardial tissue preparations. Difference spectra of anoxic vs. oxygenated heart tissue of 3- and 4-day-old embryos demonstrated the oxidation-reduction changes of cytochromes only. At variance with the results of previous studies, myoglobin was first detected at an age of 5 days. At later developmental stages myoglobin dominated the spectrum. Therefore, in order to demonstrate the presence of cytochromes, myoglobin was transformed into derivatives incapable of oxygen binding by treatment of the tissue with nitrite or ethylhydroperoxide. The molar ratio of myoglobin to cytochrome oxidase increased rapidly from 5 to 14 days of age, thereafter a slow decrease was observed.     

肌钙蛋白Ⅰ与肌红蛋白联合应用评价异丙肾上腺素诱导的心肌缺血损伤及凋亡发生

目的:探讨肌钙蛋白Ⅰ与肌红蛋白在异丙肾上腺素诱导的心肌缺血中,对心肌损伤评价的价值。方法:将32只大鼠随机分成4组,用异丙肾上腺素建立不同程度的心肌缺血模型,分别为对照组和低、中、高剂量组,用ELISA方法检测不同程度心肌缺血大鼠血清中肌钙蛋白I含量与外周血肌红蛋白表达水平,同时结合心肌酶CK、CK-MB结果,分析血清中肌钙蛋白I检测的灵敏性,分析大鼠心肌缺血后外周血肌红蛋白与心肌缺血严重程度之间的关系。取大鼠心肌组织制成石蜡切片,采用末端标记法对其进行免疫组化染色,镜下观察心肌细胞是否凋亡及凋亡的程度与心肌缺血的关系,以凋亡细胞占细胞总数的平均百分比表示。结果:(1)大鼠模型建立成功,大鼠血清中肌钙蛋白Ⅰ含量明显升高,与CK、CK-MB的升高程度相比有显著差异(P<0.05),其升高的倍数均大于CK、CK-MB,且随着程度的加重,血清中肌钙蛋白Ⅰ蛋白的含量越高。(2)肌红蛋白在缺血早期升高较早且幅度较大,随缺血程度的进一步加重,其升高程度也随之增加。(3)心肌细胞凋亡检测可见,对照组未见明显凋亡细胞,低剂量组和中剂量组相继出现数量不等的棕黄色颗粒,而高剂量组出现大量棕黄色颗粒。结论:肌钙蛋白Ⅰ与肌红蛋白都可作为缺血心肌损伤程度评价的指标,肌钙蛋白Ⅰ具有较高的灵敏性并随缺血程度加深而升高。肌红蛋白在缺血发生的早期即可大幅升高,但对于缺血程度的评价价值不及肌钙蛋白Ⅰ。随着缺血程度的加深,心肌细胞除缺血坏死外还可出现凋亡,说明凋亡也是加重缺血表现的一个因素。     

非创伤性横纹肌溶解症的病因及其诊治

非创伤性横纹肌溶解症(NRM)是由于过度运动、肌肉缺血、药物、电解质和渗透压的改变、代谢性疾病、大量饮酒、遗传性疾病、感染及急性中毒等非创伤性因素所致。NRM发病率较低,临床医师对此病认识不足,易造成误诊和漏诊,严重者可导致急性肾衰竭。掌握引起NRM的常见病因及临床表现,有利于早期诊断和早期治疗,NRM治疗的关键在于尽早予以积极补液,尽快恢复血容量,保持足够的尿量,促进肌红蛋白的排出。     

结肠梗阻性坏死患者肠吻合术前后部分检验结果分析

目的研究梗阻性肠坏死及其肠吻合手术对部分检验结果的影响。方法分析本院收治的1例乙状结肠坏死患者从入院至肠吻合术后1个月内血清ALT、AST、ALP、γ-GGT、BUN、Crea、RBP、LDH、HBDH、CK、CK-Mb、UA、TnI、血和尿肌红蛋白、尿管型检验结果的变化。结果血清ALT、AST、BUN、LDH、HBDH、CK、CK-Mb、TnI、血和尿Mb、尿常规结果变化最大,患者呈现一过性管型尿,其中术后第2d和第3dALT、AST和CK浓度超过试剂盒检测范围,CK最高时54000U/L,ALP和γ-GGT变化较小。结论及时注意ALT、AST、ALP、γ-GGT、BUN、Crea、RBP、LDH、HBDH、CK、CK-Mb、UA、TnI、血和尿肌红蛋白、尿管型检验结果的变化,有助于判断病情预后;血清ALT、AST、LDH、HBDH、CK、CK-Mb、TnI、Mb是结肠梗阻性坏死重要潜在诊断指标。     

Rhabdomyolysis

Rhabdomyolysis is a syndrome involving the breakdown of skeletal muscle causing myoglobin and other intracellular proteins and electrolytes to leak into the circulation. The development of rhabdomyolysis is associated with a wide variety of diseases, injuries, medications and toxins. While the exact mechanisms responsible for all the causes are not fully understood, it is clear that muscle damage can occur from direct injury or by metabolic inequalities between energy consumption and energy production. Rhabdomyolysis is diagnosed by elevations in serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and while there is no established serum level cut-off, many clinicians use five times the upper limit of normal (∼1000 U/l). Rhabdomyolysis can be complicated by acute renal failure (occurring in 4–33% of patients), compartment syndrome, cardiac dysrhythmias via electrolyte abnormalities, and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. The mainstay of treatment is hospitalisation with aggressive intravenous fluid (IVF) resuscitation with the correction/prevention of electrolyte abnormalities. There are additional adjunctive therapies to IVF, such as alkalinisation of the urine with sodium bicarbonate, diuretic therapy or combinations of both; however the lack of large randomised control studies concerning the benefits of these treatments makes it difficult to make strong recommendations for or against their use in the treatment of rhabdomyolysis. Regardless of these controversies, the overall prognosis for rhabdomyolysis is favourable when treated with early and aggressive IVF resuscitation, and full recovery of renal function is common. Irrespective of the cause of rhabdomyolysis the mortality rate may still be as high as 8%. This is a comprehensive review of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, complications and treatment options for rhabdomyolysis.