假肥大型肌营养不良患者血清酶学与肌电图改变的相关性研究

目的研究假肥大型肌营养不良（DMD）患者血清酶学、肌电图改变,进一步分析之间的相关性。方法选择DMD患者45例,平均年龄（7．14±2．92）岁,分别测定血清磷酸肌酸激酶（cK）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK—Mb）、肌红蛋白（Mb）等。并进行肌电图检测。结果所有DMD患者血清酶学均增高,平均CK（13109．38±3023．99）U／L,LDH（1258．99±331．5）U／L,CK—Mb（494．22士121．75）U／L,Mb（1417．07±461．47）U／L。共检测肌肉169块,发现肌源性损害肌肉73块,其中1DO％股四头肌存在肌源性损害。33．3％（15／45）存在肱二头肌肌源性损害,26．7％（12／45）三角肌存在肌源性损害。股四头肌时限下降百分比平均为（42．31±8．74）％。CK与Mb、CK—Mb、LDH均呈正相关,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。Mb与CK—Mb、LDH均呈正相关,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）、CK—Mb与LDH呈正相关,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。股四头肌时限下降百分比与CK、Mb、CK—Mb呈正相关,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。CK、CK—Mb、股四头肌时限下降百分比等与病程明显相关,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论血清CK、Mb是早期诊断DMD的特异性指标。联合肌电图检查,可提高诊断的敏感性和特异性和评估病程的进展速度。     

心肌损伤标志物在不稳定型心绞痛中的应用价值

目的探讨肌红蛋白(MYO)、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)检测在不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)诊断中的应用价值。方法应用快速免疫层析法定性检测UAP患者入院即刻血清中的MYO、cTnI、CK-MB并计算其阳性率。结果45例UAP组中MYO阳性21例,阳性率46.67%;cTnI阳性9例,阳性率20%;CK-MB阳性4例,阳性率8.89%。与40例健康对照组相比较,UAP组中MYO和cTnI明显高于健康对照组(P<0.01),有明显统计学意义;而CK-MB与健康对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),同时发现cTnI阳性的病人心肌梗死等复合心脏事件的发生率明显高于cTnI阴性者。结论MYO和cTnI在UAP诊断中有较高的临床应用价值。     

院前溶栓对肌钙蛋白T和肌红蛋白升高且ST段抬高的急性冠脉综合征的疗效观察

目的:探讨院前溶栓对肌钙蛋白T和肌红蛋白升高且ST段抬高的急性冠脉综合征(ACS)的疗效观察及临床意义.方法:选取院前肌钙蛋白T和肌红蛋白升高且ST段抬高的急性冠脉综合征患者48例,治疗组24例,予院前尿激酶静脉溶栓,对照组24例,院前不予溶栓,其他抢救措施不受限制,追踪所有患者住院期间冠脉再通情况及TIMI分级和短期内心脏事件的发生情况及预后.结果:治疗组冠脉再通情况明显优于对照组(P＜0.01),短期心脏事件发生明显减少(P＜0.05).结论:院前静脉溶栓可以提高肌钙蛋白T和肌红蛋白升高且ST段抬高的ACS的血管再通率,减少短期心脏事件的发生,改善预后.     

The prognostic use of serum concentrations of cardiac troponin-I,CK-MB and myoglobin in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy

Objective

To examine the association between survival and serum concentrations of cTnI, CK-MB, and myoglobin in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC).

Background

It has been suggested that elevated circulating biomarkers of myocardial damage such as cardiac troponin-I (cTnI), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) and myoglobin are independent risk factors for mortality in patients with heart failure, and recent studies, although limited, showed that there was a potential association between cTnI and the prognosis of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).

Methods

A cohort study was undertaken in 310 patients with IDC. Standard demographic information, transthoracic echocardiography, and routine blood tests were obtained shortly after hospital admission. Outcome was assessed with all-cause mortality.

Results

Among the 310 patients studied, 61 (19.7%) died during a mean follow-up of 2.2 years. There was a significant difference in the all-cause mortality rate between patients with serum cTnI >0.05 ng/mL and with cTnI ≤0.05 ng/mL (37.5% vs 15%, log-rank χ² = 18.423, P < 0.001). After adjustment for other factors associated with prognosis at baseline, serum cTnI >0.05 ng/mL, QRS duration, NYHA functional class and systolic blood pressure predicted all-cause mortality in patients with IDC. There was no association between circulating CK-MB and myoglobin levels and all-cause mortality in the studied IDC patients.

Conclusion

Serum concentrations of cTnI but not CK-MB or myoglobin are an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in patients with IDC.     

血浆肌红蛋白免疫比浊检测法中精密度和干扰实验的评价

目的对人血浆肌红蛋白（Mb）免疫比浊检测法进行评价,进而探讨该方法早期诊断急性冠状动脉综合征的临床价值。方法对肌红蛋白免疫比浊法的精密度和干扰实验进行评价。其中精密度、干扰评价按照美国临床实验室标准化委员会（NCCLS）评价方案进行。结果免疫比浊法的精密度良好,Mb高、中、低（410ng／ml、100ng／ml、40ng／ml）三个水平的批内变异、批间及总变异均小于5％。脂血、黄疸、溶血对实验结果基本无影响。结论免疫比浊法检测人血浆中的肌红蛋白准确、灵敏、可靠,可以很好地应用于急性冠状动脉综合征的早期诊断和溶栓疗效的监测。     

长期烫吸安钠咖血中安钠咖、肌红蛋白、肌酸激酶同工酶、C反应蛋白含量变化研究

目的:为了查找安钠咖滥用致血中生化变化。方法:应用化学发光、电化学发光免疫分析法,测定吸食安钠咖36例,正常对照14例,外周血液中MYO、CK-MB、CRP含量,对其进行比较分析。结果:吸食安钠咖组CK-MB明显高于正常对照(P<0.05),CRP测定组高于对照组,但无明显差异(P>0.05),MYO两组几乎相近(P>0.05)。结论:长期吸食安钠咖心肌梗死的危险性增加。     

糖尿病高渗状态横纹肌溶解症回顾性分析

目的了解糖尿病高渗状态诱发横纹肌溶解情况。方法回顾了16例（男9例，女7例）糖尿病高渗状态住院病例，其中6例（37．50％）生化指标提示横纹肌溶解。将横纹肌溶解组与非横纹肌溶解组的临床及生化指标进行比较。结果横纹肌溶解组血清肌酸磷酸激酶（CK）及肌红蛋白（Mb）分别是非横纹肌溶解组的30倍与50倍。血清葡萄糖（BG）、钠（Na^＋）水平及有效血浆渗透压明显高于非横纹肌溶解组（P〈0．05）。与之相反，血清钾（K^＋）及磷（P2^-）水平明显低于非横纹肌溶解组（P〈0．05）。两组肾功能衰竭差异无统计学意义（100．00％比60．00％。P=0．0736），但尿素氮（BUN）及肌酐（Cr）水平明显高于非横纹肌溶解组（P〈0．05）。无一例在住院期间被诊断横纹肌溶解。结论横纹肌溶解症在糖尿病高渗状态并非罕见，常被忽略。建议对糖尿病高渗状态患者入院后，常规进行有关肌酶尤其CK、Mb检测，以早期发现横纹肌溶解症，及时治疗。     

急性心肌梗死溶栓后检测肌红蛋白、肌钙蛋白I、肌酸激酶同工酶对冠脉再通的诊断价值

目的探讨血清肌红蛋白(Mb)、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)和肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)对急性心肌梗死溶栓冠脉再通的早期诊断价值。方法应用酶联免疫分析法测定106例急性心肌梗死患者溶栓治疗后Mb、cTnI、CK-MB浓度的变化,分析急性心肌梗死患者溶栓再通组(73例)和溶栓未通组(33例)上述指标的变化。结果急性心肌梗死溶栓再通组Mb、cTnI和CK-MB达到峰值浓度的时间较未通组明显提前(P<0.05),其中Mb较cTnI、CK-MB峰值出现更早,分别为(5.9±2.5)h、(14.5±3.2)h和(14.8±3.9)h(P<0.01);Mb、cTnI和CK-MB对判断冠脉再通的敏感性、特异性、预测值无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论血清Mb、cTnI和CK-MB可以较好地预测急性心肌梗死患者溶栓再通,其中Mb较cTnI、CK-MB能更早的判定冠状动脉是否再灌注。     

Immunohistochemical study of the kidneys after severe muscular injury

Severe muscular injury sometimes causes renal failure, and myoglobin in skeletal muscle is known to induce toxic free oxygen radicals in the kidneys. The relationship between the immunohistochemical expression of myoglobin and the scavenger copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) was investigated in kidneys taken from two autopsy groups, a group with tourniquet shock (n = 4), and a group with severely injured skeletal muscle (n = 18). Paraffin-embedded kidney sections were used for immunohistochemical staining by the avidin-biotin-complex (ABC) method using antibodies against myoglobin and Cu/Zn-SOD. Detection of the two antigens was analyzed qualitatively. In most cases of tourniquet shock in which the survival time was considered to be relatively long, myoglobin staining was positive and Cu/Zn-SOD was negative. Among the seven cases of severely injured skeletal muscle in which the survival period was considered to be relatively short, positive staining was detected immunohistochemically for both myoglobin and Cu/Zn-SOD. Moreover, in most of the cases in this group that showed acute tubular necrosis, immunohistochemical staining was negative for both markers, whereas positive staining was found for most of the cases in which the kidneys were revealed to be normal by HE staining. These findings suggest that when myoglobin enters the kidneys via the circulation, Cu/Zn-SOD reacts to eliminate free radicals, but is depleted by consumption in the long run, and that there might be a relationship between these histological findings and immunohistochemical expression. Received: 2 December 1999 / Accepted: 22 May 2000     

急性心肌梗死血清标志物的临床应用价值比较

目的比较急性心肌梗死(AMI)血清生化标志物的临床应用价值。方法用化学发光免疫分析法定量检测CK-MBⅡ、MYO、cTnI的含量,酶法测定AST、LDH、CK的活性。比较55例AMI、50例不稳定心绞痛(UA)、28例稳定心绞痛和30例陈旧性心肌梗死患者中以上项目动态变化并分析其特点及在AMI中的诊断意义。结果传统的心肌酶AST、CK、LDH在AMI早期(胸痛发生<6h)诊断敏感性明显低于MYO(p<0.01),所以AMI的早期诊断指标推荐MYO;胸痛发生6～12h,cTnI、CK-MB、MYO的敏感性均高于AST、CK、LDH(p<0.01);12～24h,cTnII、CK-MB则显示出诊断上的优势;48h～7d则cTnI诊断敏感性强于其他各项(p<0.01)。在AMI诊断特异性上,cTnI与CK-MBⅡ相当,优于MYO、CK、AST、LDH(p<0.05)。在介入治疗中,CK-MBⅡ、MYO、cTnI均可反映心肌的损伤,其中以cTnI反映最敏感。结论对AMI的诊断,cTnI、CK-MBⅡ、MYO优于AST、LDH、CK,MYO不升高可排除早期AMI,cTnI能反映心肌的微小损伤,CK-MBⅡ、MYO、eTnI3项指标相互补充对诊断AMI有重要临床价值。