Multimorbidity in older adults with intellectual disabilities

Multimorbidity may be related to the supposed early aging of people with intellectual disabilities (ID). This group may suffer more often from multimorbidity, because of ID-related physical health conditions, unhealthy lifestyle and metabolic effects of antipsychotic drug use. Multimorbidity has been defined as two or more chronic conditions. Data on chronic conditions have been collected through physical assessment, questionnaires, and medical files. Prevalence, associated factors and clusters of multimorbidity have been studied in 1047 older adults (≥50 years) with ID. Multimorbidity was prevalent in 79.8% and associated with age and severe/profound ID. Four or more conditions were prevalent in 46.8% and associated with age, severe/profound ID and Down syndrome. Factor analyses did not reveal a model for disease-clusters with good fit. Multimorbidity is highly prevalent in older adults with ID. Multimorbidity should receive more attention in research and clinical practice for targeted pro-active prevention and treatment.     

锦州市老年人群共病疾病负担研究

目的 了解锦州市65岁及以上人群共病及疾病负担现状,为完善老年人群共病的管理提供理论依据。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取锦州市65岁及以上老年人群为研究对象,描述老年人群共病的流行病学分布特征,采用疾病负担分析指标——伤残调整寿命年（disability adjusted of life years, DALY）,伤残损失寿命年（years lived with disability, YLD）和早逝损失寿命年（years of life lost due to premature death, YLL）计算共病的疾病负担。结果 锦州市65岁及以上的老年人群共病患病率为19.66%,死亡率为14.12%;DALY为3 970.779人年,YLD为1 680.120人年,YLL为2290.695人年;其最主要的共病模式为高血压+冠心病,DALY为968.200人年;各年龄组间共病模式与DALY的差异均具有统计学意义（F = 90.498,P＜0.001）,男性和女性的DALY差异无统计学意义（t = 0.817,P = 0.414）。结论 锦州市老年人群共病模式为冠心病、高血压、脑卒中、糖尿病和肿瘤等疾病中某两种组合;老年人群共病疾病负担以死亡所造成的生命损失为主;共病的疾病负担在85岁及以上的年龄段最高。     

Multimorbidity and its measurement

Multimorbidity is increasing in frequency. It can be quantitatively measured and is a major correlate of high use of health services resources of all types, especially over time. The ACG System for characterizing multimorbidity is the only widely used method that is based on combinations of different TYPES of diagnoses over time, rather than the presence or absence of particular conditions or numbers of conditions. It incorporates administrative data (as from claims forms or medical records) on all types of encounters and is not limited to diagnoses captured during hospitalizations or other places of encounter. It can be employed in any one or combination of analytic models, and can incorporate medication use if desired. It is being used in clinical care, management of health services resources, in health services research to control for degree of morbidity, and in understanding morbidity patterns over time. In addition to its research uses, it is being employed in many countries in various applications as a policy to better understand health needs of populations and tailor health services resources to health needs.     

Aging with multimorbidity: a systematic review of the literature

A literature search was carried out to summarize the existing scientific evidence concerning occurrence, causes, and consequences of multimorbidity (the coexistence of multiple chronic diseases) in the elderly as well as models and quality of care of persons with multimorbidity. According to pre-established inclusion criteria, and using different search strategies, 41 articles were included (four of these were methodological papers only). Prevalence of multimorbidity in older persons ranges from 55 to 98%. In cross-sectional studies, older age, female gender, and low socioeconomic status are factors associated with multimorbidity, confirmed by longitudinal studies as well. Major consequences of multimorbidity are disability and functional decline, poor quality of life, and high health care costs. Controversial results were found on multimorbidity and mortality risk. Methodological issues in evaluating multimorbidity are discussed as well as future research needs, especially concerning etiological factors, combinations and clustering of chronic diseases, and care models for persons affected by multiple disorders. New insights in this field can lead to the identification of preventive strategies and better treatment of multimorbid patients.     

2002—2022年我国多重慢病领域研究热点及演进趋势分析

背景 多重慢病成为慢性疾病病程发展中的一大特征,为我国公共卫生发展带来挑战。我国多重慢病研究发展处于起步阶段,文献数量较少,且缺乏系统、全面的文献分析。目的 本研究旨在对我国多重慢病领域的研究热点和演进趋势进行文献计量学及可视化分析,把握该领域的研究前沿与发展方向,从而为未来研究方向提供参考。方法 选择中国知网作为中文数据来源,Web of Science核心合集作为外文数据来源,检索2002—2022年由我国研究者发表的多重慢病领域的研究文献,采用CiteSpace软件绘制2002—2022年国内和国外期刊中由我国研究者发表的多重慢病研究机构合作网络图谱和关键词共现网络图谱,分析我国多重慢病研究的时空分布情况,探索该领域的研究热点及发展趋势。结果 2002—2022年,我国多重慢病研究发文数量呈整体递增趋势。中文文献出现频次排名前5位的关键词依次是“共病,342次”“老年人,161次”“抑郁症,155次”“慢性病,106次”“糖尿病,94次”;英文文献排名前5位的关键词依次是“prevalence,126次”“older adults,92次”“multimorbidity,91次”...     

Características del uso inadecuado de medicamentos en pacientes pluripatológicos de edad avanzada

Objective

To analyse potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) in elderly polypathological patients (PP).

Problem gambling subtypes based on psychological distress,alcohol abuse and impulsivity

The notion of comorbidities within problem gambling populations has important clinical implications, particularly for appropriate treatment matching. The comorbidities most commonly cited in problem gambling literature include depression, anxiety, alcohol abuse and impulsivity. Previous research shows evidence of patterns in multiple co-occurring comorbidities and that there may be different subtypes of gamblers based on these patterns. To further the current understanding of gambling subtypes, the aim of our study was to identify subtypes of gamblers currently in treatment. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis yielded four mutually exclusive groups of 202 gamblers: (1) gamblers with comorbid psychological problems (35%); (2) ‘pure’ gamblers without other comorbidities (27%); (3) gamblers with comorbid alcohol abuse (25%); and (4) ‘multimorbid’ gamblers (13%). The four groups differed on demographic information, drug use and gambling behaviours including gambling activity and problem gambling severity. Gamblers with comorbid psychological problems were more likely to be older women on low income, more likely to report a family history of psychological problems and were more often electronic gaming machine players. As expected, ‘pure’ gamblers had lower problem gambling severity and were more likely to report current abstinence. Gamblers with comorbid alcohol abuse were more likely to be young men who used stimulant drugs, endorsed a higher quality of life and worked full-time. ‘Multimorbid’ gamblers were elevated on all comorbidities, had general problems related to their health and wellbeing and reported high rates of hostility and aggression. These groups combine elements of existing conceptual models of gambling subtypes and may require different treatments.     

A secondary analysis of the moderating effects of depression and multimorbidity on the effectiveness of a chronic disease self-management programme

Objective

Patients accessing the chronic disease self-management programme (CDSMP) often report multiple long-term conditions (multimorbidity). Although multimorbidity often predicts poor outcomes, CDSMP effectiveness may be enhanced in multimorbidity via synergies between self-management for different conditions. This study assessed whether CDSMP benefits varied by patterns of multimorbidity.

Methods

The study was based on a secondary analysis of an RCT. Patients with long-term conditions (n = 629) were randomised to CDSMP or wait-list and completed baseline and 6 month assessments. We identified four multimorbidity groups: (1) single physical condition; (2) multiple physical conditions; (3) single physical condition plus ‘probable depression’; (4) multiple physical conditions plus ‘probable depression’.

Results

Multimorbidity group significantly moderated the effect of CDSMP on vitality, health-related quality of life, and mental well-being, with the greatest benefit found for patients with multiple physical conditions plus ‘probable depression’.

Conclusion

The coexistence of depression and multiple physical conditions is associated with increased illness burden, but such patients benefit more from the CDSMP. The mechanisms underlying this effect are unclear, but it does not appear to be through self-management or self-efficacy.

Practice implications

The presence of multimorbidity in combination with depression may be a useful criteria for referral to the CDSMP.     

居家老年多病共存患者多重用药体验的质性研究

背景　近年来老年多病共存患者多重用药问题突出,严重降低其生活质量。重视患者用药体验是减轻其用药问题的关键要素,研究居家老年多病共存患者多重用药体验可为解决其用药问题提供新视角。目的　探讨居家老年多病共存患者多重用药体验及影响因素,为制定有效干预方案提供依据。方法　采用方便抽样法从郑州市2个城区（高新区、金水区）选取3家社区卫生服务中心,每家社区卫生服务中心分别选取4~5例老年多病共存多重用药患者,最终共纳入14例患者为研究对象。采用半结构深度访谈法,于2019年5-8月对14例患者进行访谈。访谈内容主要包括：患者多重用药时,对生活的影响、目前药物管理的现状、存在的问题及其如何解决、希望在多重用药过程中通过何种方式得到何种帮助。对访谈资料进行整理分析,并提炼主题。结果　通过对访谈资料整理分析,共提炼出6个主题：用药相关知识需求较大、经济压力沉重、用药管理实践欠佳、情绪认知改变、日常生活障碍、家庭支持不足。结论　居家老年多病共存患者多重用药体验不容乐观,各级医疗卫生机构应关注这一现象。应加强慢性病常用药物的健康宣教,提升全民药物素养;规范临床药师和全科医生培训管理机制,完善慢性病医保制度;重视患者心理感受,强化家庭和社会支持作用,从而改善患者用药体验和生活质量。