肺结核实验室诊断的研究进展

肺结核是由结核分枝杆菌感染引起的肺部变态反应性疾病,严重威胁人类健康,是各级检验机构重点关注和检测的传染性疾病之一.近年来该病在我国发病率呈现上升趋势,虽然一经确诊后治疗手段比较成熟和固定,但早期检查和早期发现对于疾病的病程及预后有重大的影响.该文就近期肺结核在诊断技术方面的进展作一综述,为临床治疗提供指导.     

Mycobacterium tuberculosis found at both skin lesions and Mantoux testing site in a patient with erythema induratum of Bazin

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is very rarely found in erythema induratum of Bazin; recently, we found an unusual case with positive acid‐fast bacilli and polymerase chain reaction for detecting M. tuberculosis in both skin lesions of the extremities and the site of Mantoux test.     

CT定位下耐多药空洞型肺结核穿刺注药术探讨

目的探索耐多药空洞型肺结核病人CT定位下经皮肺穿刺空洞注药术的操作要点及其临床应用价值。方法临床确诊痰菌阳性耐多药的空洞型肺结核84例,在CT导向下根据自制体表定位标记带选择进针点、进针角度、进针路径行空洞内灌注给药。结果84例病人穿刺成功率100%,并发气胸3例,肺出血1例,皮下气肿1例。治疗后痰菌转阴率为91.7%,空洞好转率89.3%,空洞闭合率66.7%。结论CT引导下经皮肺穿空洞给药技术具有简单易行、直观、定位准确、并发症少等优点,对治疗痰菌阳性耐多药的空洞型肺结核具有重要的临床应用价值。     

Cold tuberculous abscess identified by FDG PET

We report FDG PET of two cases of cold abscess due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Case 1 had colon cancer; FDG PET showed high FDG uptake in the colon lesion and low uptake in the inguinal lesion. The latter was a tuberculous cold abscess confirmed by CT/MRI and biopsy. Case 2 received radiotherapy for lung cancer and presented with suspected vertebral metastasis. Further studies revealed tuberculosis of the vertebra and a tuberculous cold abscess in the iliopsoas muscle. FDG PET showed moderate uptake in the third lumbar spine and low uptake in the abscess center of iliopsoas lesion. Both tuberculous cold abscesses showed moderate FDG uptake in the capsule and low uptake in the center. These features are unique compared with non-tuberculous abscess and typical tuberculosis lesions, which are characterized by high FDG uptake. Pathologically, tuberculous cold abscess is not accompanied by active inflammatory reaction. Our findings suggested that the FDG uptake by tuberculous lesion varies according to the grade of inflammatory activity. The new diagnostic features of tuberculous cold abscess may be useful in the evaluation of such lesions by FDG PET.     

Utility of high-resolution computed tomography for predicting risk of sputum smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis

Background

To diagnose sputum smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is difficult and the ability of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) for diagnosing PTB has remained unclear in the sputum smear-negative setting. We retrospectively investigated whether or not this imaging modality can predict risk for sputum smear-negative PTB.

Methods

We used HRCT to examine the findings of 116 patients with suspected PTB despite negative sputum smears for acid-fast bacilli (AFB). We investigated their clinical features and HRCT-findings to predict the risk for PTB by multivariate analysis and a combination of HRCT findings by stepwise regression analysis. We then designed provisional HRCT diagnostic criteria based on these results to rank the risk of PTB and blinded observers assessed the validity and reliability of these criteria.

Results

A positive tuberculin skin test alone among clinical laboratory findings was significantly associated with an increase of risk of PTB. Multivariate regression analysis showed that large nodules, tree-in-bud appearance, lobular consolidation and the main lesion being located in S1, S2, and S6 were significantly associated with an increased risk of PTB. Stepwise regression analysis showed that coexistence of the above 4 factors was most significantly associated with an increase in the risk for PTB. Ranking of the results using our HRCT diagnostic criteria by blinded observers revealed good utility and agreement for predicting PTB risk.

Conclusions

Even in the sputum smear-negative setting, HRCT can predict the risk of PTB with good reproducibility and can select patients having a high probability of PTB.     

人胆囊癌细胞系GBC-SD中侧群细胞的耐药性研究

目的 研究人胆囊细胞系GBC-SD中侧群细胞(side population cells,SP)的耐药特性,并探讨其耐药机制.方法 利用流式细胞术分选SP、非SP细胞,采用MTT检测2种细胞亚群对5种化疗药物吉西他滨、顺铂、5-氟尿嘧啶、表阿霉素、米托蒽醌的药物敏感性;利用流式细胞术检测吉西他滨处理的人胆囊癌细胞系GBC-SD中SP细胞比例的变化,并通过RT-PCR、Western印迹检测SP、非SP细胞亚群中ABCG2 mRNA和蛋白的表达.结果 吉西他滨、顺铂、5-氟尿嘧啶、米托蒽醌以对胆囊癌细胞系GBC-SD的IC50浓度分别作用SP、非SP细胞亚群1 d后,SP细胞的增殖能力高于非SP细胞,两组之间的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),而表阿霉素处理水平的两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);人胆囊癌细胞系GBC-SD经过吉西他滨处理3周后,SP细胞的比例显著升高(8.02%±0.13%比0.62%±0.08%,P<0.05),且SP细胞明显高表达ABCG2基因.结论 人胆囊癌细胞系GBC-SD中SP细胞具有类似干细胞的耐药特性,耐药基因ABCG2高表达是其耐药的重要机制.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the drug resistance of side population cells in human gallbladder cancer cell line GBC-SD and explore its mechanism. Methods Drug sensitivity assays of 5chemotherapeutic agents were performed on side population cells (SP) and non-SP cells of GBC-SD.GBC-SD was cultured and then treated with the chemotherapeutic agent gemcitabine. The frequency of SP by FACS was measured. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of AB-CG2 in both the SP and the corresponding non-SP subsets. Results After 1 d treatment with 4 chemotherapeutic agents (gemcitabine, cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil and mitoxantrone) in IC50 concentration to GBC-SD cell line, the reproductive ability of SP was higher than that of non-SP (P<0.05). However, statistical significance was not achieved when compared with epirubicin (P>0.05). The percentage of SP in GBC-SD treated with chemotherapeutic agent gemcitabine after 3 weeks was sharply elevated by FACS (8.02% ±0.13% vs 0.62% ±0.08%, P<0.05), and the expression of ABCG2mRNA and protein were increased in SP as compared with non-SP. Conclusion SP from human gallbladder cancer cell line GBC-SD, like stem cell, showed a heighten resistance to drugs. Increased expression of ABCG2 was largely responsible for the multi-drug resistance.     

颈胸段结核手术治疗方式的选择

目的：探讨颈胸段脊柱结核的手术方式选择,及其临床预后。方法：2007年1月。2012年1月我院共收治21例颈胸段脊柱结核患者,根据胸骨柄上缘和病变节段的关系,15例患者行一期前路病灶清除、植骨融合、内固定术。6例患者行一期前路病灶清除、植骨融合,后路植骨融合内固定术。术前神经功能ASIA分级：B级2例,C级4例,D级8例,E级7例。结果：所有患者均获得随访,平均随访时间为41．6个月。所有患者在术后1年均获得骨性愈合,无1例发生内固定松动、移位、断裂。颈胸段后凸Cobb＇s角由术前的（30．8±5．7）°改善至末次随访的（10±2．3）°（P〈0．01）;ODI评分由术前的49．7±4．8改善至末次随访的23．1±3．4（P〈0．01）。术后患者的神经功能平均提高了1．6级,末次随访时ASIA分级D级2例,E级19例。结论：对于颈胸段结核,低位颈前入路可以实现病灶的彻底清除。应根据胸骨柄上缘水平切迹线和病变节段的关系,决定具体的个体化固定方式。     

规范化围手术期处理对两种胸腰椎结核手术的近期疗效观察

目的：探讨胸腰椎结核手术患者规范化围手术期的近期疗效及临床特点。方法回顾性分析2003-01-2012-12收治的85例胸腰椎结核患者采用规范化的围手术期处理,随机分为A组, B组。观察比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院天数及手术前后的 ASIA分级,术前术后ESR及CRP变化情况,并进行比较分析。结果统计学分析,两组ASIA分级改善情况无明显差异（P〉0.05）,两组间的Cobb角、ESR、CRP变化无显著差异（P〉0.05）,两组间的手术时间、出血量、住院天数比较差异显著（P〈0.05）。结论在严格的适应证下,规范化围手术期处理两种不同脊柱结核手术方式取得满意的临床效果。     

前路病灶清除、植骨、内固定治疗脊柱结核

目的观察前路病灶清除、植骨、前路或后路内固定治疗脊柱结核的效果。方法总结1997年1月至2004年6月采用前路病灶清除、植骨、前路或后路内固定治疗脊柱结核41例,病变位于颈椎3例、胸椎3例、胸腰椎20例、腰椎14例、腰骶椎1例,术前有后凸成角畸形9~°71,°平均32°。Ⅰ期前路病灶清除、植骨、内固定31例,Ⅰ期前路病灶清除、植骨、后路内固定6例,Ⅱ期后路内固定4例。结果平均随访1.6 a,优良率为87.8%,植骨融合率为92.7%,平均矫正后凸角度15.3(°P<0.05),随访期间无1例复发。结论前路病灶清除、植骨、前路或后路内固定治疗脊柱结核有利于恢复脊柱的早期稳定性,融合率高,可预防及矫正脊柱后凸畸形。     

脊柱结核病椎骨中利福平浓度HPLC测定方法研究

目的建立利福平在脊柱结核髂骨与病椎骨中药物浓度的反相高效液相色谱分析方法。方法以利福喷丁为内标,采用氯仿为萃取剂处理骨匀浆样品,加入二乙胺解除利福平对骨基质的吸附。分析柱为HypersilBDSC18柱(150mm×4.6mm),以0.2mol·L-1KH2PO4(pH=4.0)-乙腈(65:35)为流动相,流速1.0ml·min-1,检测波长254nm,内标法定量。结果在0.0560～1.875μg·g-1骨匀浆浓度(相当于骨中浓度0.5600～18.75μg·g-1)范围内利福平和内标峰面积比与骨样本利福平浓度呈良好线性关系(r=0.9994),萃取回收率在88.47%～96.51%(n=5),方法回收率为98.85%～103.51%(n=5),日内、日间RSD分别为2.34%～4.58%,3.38%～5.79%,(n=5)。结论本方法准确、精密度高、重复性好,是一可靠的测定骨中利福平浓度的方法,适用于脊柱结核手术患者体内正常及病椎骨组织中利福平浓度的定量分析,以便于个体化抗结核化疗方案的判定与改进。