Effects of enteral nutrition support combined with enhanced recovery after surgery on the nutritional status,immune function,and prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer after Ivor-Lewis operation

BackgroundEsophageal cancer (EC) with a high incidence of malnutrition is a highly malignant digestive tract tumor. We investigated the effect of enteral nutrition (EN) support combined with enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) on the nutritional status, immune function, and prognosis of patients with EC after Ivor-Lewis operation.MethodsOne hundred patients were randomly divided into the observation group (n=42) and the control group (n=58). The patients in observation group were treated with EN combined with ERAS intervention after Ivor-Lewis operation, and the patients in control group were treated with conventional postoperative EN intervention. The situation of operation, nutritional status, immune function recovery and prognosis between the two groups were compared.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in operation time or intraoperative blood loss between the two groups (P>0.05). The chest tube removal time and oral feeding time of the observation group after operation were shorter than those of the control group (P<0.05). After intervention, serum albumin (ALB), transferrin (TF), pre-albumin (PA) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels in both groups were significantly decreased. These indexes were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). There were no significant changes in the levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgG, and IgM, or the numbers of CD3⁺, CD4⁺ and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T cells in the observation group before and after intervention (P>0.05); however those indexes were significantly decreased in the control group after the intervention (P<0.05). Interestingly, the levels of IgA, IgM, IgG, CD3⁺ T cells, CD4⁺ T cells and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T cells in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group after intervention (P<0.05). The incidence of pulmonary infection in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group. The postoperative exhaust time, postoperative defecation time and postoperative hospital stay were shorter in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in hospitalization cost between the two groups (P>0.05).ConclusionsEN combined with ERAS was more beneficial to the improvement of nutritional status and immune function recovery of patients with EC after Ivor-Lewis operation. It also shortened the length of hospital stay.     

Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and future treatments for the poor responders

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. The most common problem associated with HCC is a high risk of intrahepatic recurrence despite radical treatment, and in many patients, this recurrence has fatal consequences. For patients with advanced-stage HCC according to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging system, the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib is the current standard of care. In contrast, hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) is the recommended treatment in Japan for patients with intermediate-stage or advanced-stage HCC. In this review, we describe the use of HAIC for advanced HCC. Furthermore, we demonstrate an alternative therapy for HCC, the iron chelator deferoxamine, and discuss future therapeutic possibilities.     

轻型胰腺炎患者早期给予软食的临床研究

目的探讨轻型胰腺炎患者早期摄入软食的效果,为该类患者的营养支持提供参考。方法将72例轻型胰腺炎患者随机分为观察组与对照组各36例。对照组允许经口进食后按常规开始给予流质食物,观察组拟定饮食处方,早期给予低脂高热量高蛋白软食,比较两组营养状况、消化道症状、继发感染及住院时间。结果干预2周后,观察组血清蛋白显著高于对照组,肠道菌群失调发生率显著低于对照组,住院时间显著短于对照组,感染发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论轻型胰腺炎患者早期进软食能提供充足营养素及能量,纠正营养不良状况,减少肠源性感染的发生,促进患者疾病转归和预后。     

Pharmacotherapy and nutritional supplements for seasonal affective disorders: a systematic review

Introduction: A seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a subtype of unipolar and bipolar major depressive disorders. It is characterized by its annual recurrence of depressive episodes at a particular season, mostly seen in winter and is responsible for 10–20% of the prevalence of major depressive disorders. Some pathophysiological hypotheses, such as the phase delay and the monoamine depletion hypotheses, have been postulated but the exact cause has not been fully unraveled yet. Studies on treatment for SAD in the last decade are lacking. To tackle this chronic disease, attention needs to be drawn to the gaps in this research field.

Areas covered: In this systematic review, the authors give a broad overview of the pharmacological therapy available for SAD. Also, nutritional substances fitting well with the postulated hypotheses are reviewed for the treatment and prevention of SAD. There is a specific focus on the quality of the currently performed studies.

Expert opinion: Light therapy and fluoxetine are the only proven and effective acute treatment options for SAD, while bupropion is the only registered drug for prevention of SAD. This area of research is in dire need of valid large-scale and sufficiently reproducible randomized control trials.     

A retrospective case–control study of gastrostomy use in children undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation

Background

Maintaining a good nutritional status during the hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) procedure is challenging in the pediatric population.

Methods

In a multicentric retrospective study, we compared the outcome of nutritional status and HCT-related parameters in 227 pediatric patients during and after HCT between 2005 and 2015. 112 patients received a gastrostomy before the start of HCT (GS group), and 115 did not receive a gastrostomy (NGS). Data collection was performed at HCT, 3, 6, and 12 months post-HCT.

Results

At time point of HCT the Standard Deviation Score (SDS) of weight was 0.17 in the NGS group, and 0.71 in the GS group (p = .01) Patients in the NGS group lost more weight during the first 3 months after HCT than patients in the GS group. At 12 months, patients in the NGS remained at a lower weight, while patients in the GS group slightly increased their weight. There were no differences between the groups in the incidence of acute graft-versus-host-disease (GvHD), overall survival, and non-relapse mortality. However, the number of febrile episodes requiring intravenous treatment with antibiotics, was higher in the GS group as compared to the NGS group, during the first 3 months post-HCT (p < .001).

Conclusions

Our results indicate that gastrostomy can be utilized in children undergoing HCT without any negative effects on mortality. Therefore, the use of a gastrostomy appears to be a safe option to maintain a good nutritional status during the HCT procedure.     

重症脑梗死患者的早期肠内营养支持的应用

目的:研究重症脑梗死患者早期应用肠内营养支持对机体营养指标及胃肠道功能的临床效果。方法:对确诊为重症脑梗死的患者62例,以抽签法随机分为治疗组与对照组,分别用改良与传统方法实施鼻饲。结果:治疗组患者治疗前后血清白蛋白、非瘫痪侧上臂三头肌肌围(moveablearmmuscularcirculation,MAMC)和三头肌皮褶厚度(tricepsskinfold,TSF)等营养指标值在14d与1d比较时有统计学意义(t=2.32～11.75,P<0.05),各营养指标变化值在14d时治疗组较对照组差异有显著性意义犤血清白蛋白:(33.3±2.5)比(29.5±2.3)g/L;TSF:(13.51±2.27)比(12.35±2.13)mm;MAMC:(21.35±2.43)比(18.89±1.78)cm犦(P<0.05)。治疗组的上消化道出血、呕吐反流、腹胀和拒食等胃肠胃功能障碍的发生率均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:早期肠内营养支持可减轻重症脑梗死患者的营养状况恶化程度,有助于胃肠道功能的改善。     

Nutritional Aspect of Cancer Care in Medical Oncology Patients

PurposeAwareness of advances in the nutritional aspects of cancer care and translation of this information into clinical practice are important for oncology practitioners to effectively couple oncologic and nutritional approaches throughout the cancer journey. The goal of this consensus statement by a panel of medical oncologists was to provide practical and implementable guidance addressing nutritional aspects of cancer care from the perspective of the medical oncologist.MethodsA panel of medical oncologists agreed on a series of statements supported by scientific evidence and expert clinical opinion.FindingsParticipating experts emphasized that both poor nutritional intake and metabolic alterations underlie cancer-related malnutrition. The use of liquid and high energy-dense oral nutritional supplements may enable better patient compliance, whereas higher efficacy is more likely with the use of pharmaconutrient-enriched oral nutritional supplements in terms of improved weight, lean body mass, functional status, and quality of life, as well as better tolerance to antineoplastic treatment. A multimodal approach is currently believed to be the best option to counteract the catabolism leading to cancer-related malnutrition; this treatment is scheduled in parallel with anticancer therapies and includes nutritional interventions, multitarget drug therapies, and exercise and rehabilitation programs. Participating experts emphasized the role of the oncologist as a reference professional figure in the coordination of nutritional care for patients with cancer within the context of complex and different clinical scenarios, particularly for permissive-adjunctive nutritional support.ImplicationsThis review article provides practical guidance addressing major nutritional aspects of cancer care from the medical oncologist's perspective. Thus, this document is expected to assist oncology practitioners in terms of awareness of advances in the nutritional aspects of cancer care and translation of this information into their clinical practice to effectively couple oncologic and nutritional approaches as part of the continuum of care for patients with cancer.