周围神经卡压损伤引起神经形态学变化的实验研究

目的：探讨周围神经卡压损伤后组织学改变与卡压时间的关系。方法：60只SD大鼠随机等分为4组（n=15),其中45只制备成神经卡压模型,A组：神经卡压1周后去除硅胶管;B组：神经卡压2周后去除硅胶管;C组：神经卡压3周后去除硅胶管。D组：只分离神经不进行卡压。各组分别于去除卡压后不同时间取材进行组织形态学观察。结果：各组神经卡压区域均发生不同程度的轴突肿胀和阶段性脱髓鞘改变,卡压时间越长病理变化越重。卡压松解后1－5周,A组卡压区域和远端的脱髓鞘改变与B、C组相比明显减轻。结论：周围神经卡压损伤程度与卡压时间成正比,及早去除卡压有利于损伤神经再生与修复。     

创伤性尿道狭窄术后吻合口形态超声诊断与手术结果的对照

目的 评价创伤性尿道狭窄术后吻合口形态超声诊断的可靠性。方法 对68例创伤性尿道狭窄术后排尿困难者尿道吻合口形态进行超声观察,并与再次手术结果对照。结果 尿道吻合口形态表现共4种,即狭窄疤痕形成（43例）、假道（12例）、尿道活瓣（4例）和狭窄合并关闭不全（9例）。超声形态表现类型和定位诊断均经手术证实。超声对手术吻合口狭窄疤痕长度和深度估测的相关系数γ分别为0．97,0．86,P＜0．01。结论 尿道超声成像是评价尿道狭窄术后吻合口形态可靠的诊断方法,有助于指导术后排尿困难病例的临床正确处理。     

体外培养的新生大鼠成骨细胞形态及功能的时相性变化

目的：探索大鼠成骨细胞（OB）在体外不同时间的形态及功能变化。方法：在为期28天的细胞培养中动态观察了新生大鼠头盖骨OB的活细胞形态变化,并与其皮肤成纤维细胞（FB）的形态变化作了比较,测定了OB中I型原胶原羧基端前肽（PICP）,骨钙素（BGP）和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）的表达量变化。结果：OB与FB在早期散在分布时形态相似,汇合以后两者逐渐出现差异,OB在28天才可用Von Kossa法染到明显钙盐沉着;PICP,BGP分别于初始植入后第7,19天有表达高峰,ALP在12－16天和≥28天有两个表达高峰。结论：体外培养的大鼠OB形态及功能呈动态变化并具有高度趋同性。     

Lateral collateral ligament and anterolateral ligament of the knee – A morphological analysis with orthopedic significance

BackgroundThe lateral collateral ligament (LCL) is the chief stabilizer of the lateral aspect of the knee to varus forces. Studies have confirmed the function of the anterolateral ligament (ALL), which improves the lateral knee stability by preventing excessive internal tibial rotation. Clinically, a persistent instability following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction may be due to damage to the anterolateral structures. The finding has created a novel interest in anterolateral extra-articular operations.MethodsThis observational, cross-sectional study involved 42 dissected adult knees. The variations in morphology and morphometry of the LCL were identified and classified. The prevalence and the variabilities in the ALL were also noted.ResultsThe variations in the shape of the LCL were classified into four types: (1) cord, (2) band, (3) mixed, and (4) inverted Y shaped, with a frequency of 69.04, 26.20, 2.38, and 2.38% of specimens, respectively. The cord type measured 50.4 ± 2.7 mm in length and 5 ± 0.9 mm in width. In comparison, the band type measured 50.1 ± 4.2 mm in length and 9 ± 1.6 mm in width. The ALL was identified in four (9%) of the specimens with a mean length of 35 ± 0.9 mm. Two types of ALL were observed, membranous wideband and distinct cord-like ALL.ConclusionThe anatomy of the lateral structures of the knee is inconsistent. The study has attempted to classify the different shapes of the LCL along with the frequency and prevalence of the ALL. Orthopedic surgeons and radiologists must note the LCL morphology and prevalence of the ALL due to their clinical implications.     

多囊卵巢综合征“痰壅胞宫”的形态学特征

目的：通过文献研究证实超声在多囊卵巢综合征的诊断中的应用及实用价值,并通过对临床病例的分析了解女性卵巢多囊性表现的发生情况及其主要特征。方法：1）对相关文献资料进行收集、整理、归纳、分析。2）对10 000名就诊患者行超声检查,证实其中有216例患者卵巢有多囊性表现;并随机选取50例卵巢表现正常的患者作为对照组。比较两组患者的子宫三径大小之和、子宫内膜厚度、平均卵巢体积、较大卵巢体积、卵泡数目及卵巢面积。结果：1）总结出超声检查对于多囊卵巢综合征的重要意义。2）PCO组与正常组相比,子宫内膜厚度（[8.09±2.64）mm＆（8.56±3.01）mm]、子宫三径之和[104.05±13.75）mm＆（113.04±16.66）mm]无显著性差异（P〉0.05）,平均卵巢体积[MOV（,10.21±6.03）cm3＆（6.19±3.27）cm3]、最大卵巢体积[MaxOV（,12.41±6.80）cm3＆（7.47±3.51）cm3]、平均卵泡数目[MFN（,11.43±1.20）＆（5.97±1.45）]及卵巢面积（[8.06±2.91）cm2＆（5.63±1.88）cm2]均有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论：PCO患者有明显增大的卵巢体积和增多的卵泡数目,卵巢体积和卵泡数目两个参数对于诊断PCO有一定价值。     

肱骨结节间沟形态在肱二头肌长头肌腱损伤中的作用

目的　提供详尽的肱骨结节间沟形态资料。方法　使用不同地区肱骨 80只 ,将结节间沟分为近侧水平段和远侧垂直段 ,用量角器和卡尺测量二段的长度及其移行处的角度 ;结节间沟的深度和宽度分五个部位测量 ;观察结节间沟的变异和异常。结果　结节间沟近侧段和远侧段的长度及移行处角度分别为 9.4mm、2 9.7mm和 119.9° ;总长度、深度和宽度分别为 39.2mm、0 .7mm和 2 .6mm ;结节上嵴出现率为 11.2 % ,内、外侧骨刺 16 .2 % ,钙化 45 %。结论　肱骨结节间沟的局部形态与肱二头肌长头腱损伤关系密切。     

脊神经节的形态观测及其临床意义

目的：为临床提供有关脊神经节的形态学基础。方法：解剖观测了３８具（７６侧）成人尸体标本的ＳＧ形态。结果：（１）Ｇ１－尾部ＳＧ长度和横径呈现同步变化的趋势,两 Ｇ４￣Ｔ２、Ｌ２－Ｓ１两次出现高峰区;（２０Ｓ１的ＳＧ最大,尾ＳＧ最小;（３）ＳＧ长度与横径比值从大到小依次为骶部、腰部、尾部、颈部和胸部。结论：腰骶部ＳＧ体积较大;对腰背痛患者,应充分考虑ＳＧ受卡压的可能性;了解ＳＧ的形态特征,有助于临床有     

Multiparametric characterization of red blood cell physiology after hypotonic dialysis based drug encapsulation process

Red blood cells (RBCs) can act as carriers for therapeutic agents and can substantially improve the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of many drugs. Maintaining RBCs integrity and lifespan is important for the efficacy of RBCs as drug carrier. We investigated the impact of drug encapsulation by hypotonic dialysis on RBCs physiology and integrity. Several parameters were compared between processed RBCs loaded with l-asparaginase (“eryaspase”), processed RBCs without drug and non-processed RBCs. Processed RBCs were less hydrated and displayed a reduction of intracellular content. We observed a change in the metabolomic but not in the proteomic profile of processed RBCs. Encapsulation process caused moderate morphological changes and was accompanied by an increase of RBCs-derived Extracellular Vesicles release. Despite a decrease in deformability, processed RBCs were not mechanically retained in a spleen-mimicking device and had increased surface-to-volume ratio and osmotic resistance. Processed RBCs half-life was not significantly affected in a mouse model and our previous phase 1 clinical study showed that encapsulation of asparaginase in RBCs prolonged its in vivo half-life compared to free forms. Our study demonstrated that encapsulation by hypotonic dialysis may affect certain characteristics of RBCs but does not significantly affect the in vivo longevity of RBCs or their drug carrier function.     

西维来司钠对体外循环犬肾脏保护作用的实验研究

目的通过观察西维来司钠对体外循环(CPB)期间血浆弹性蛋白酶(NE)、尿液C5b-9浓度的影响及CPB后肾脏形态学的改变,探讨其对肾脏的保护效果。方法将12只健康成年犬随机分为对照组(C组,n=6)和西维来司钠组(S组,n=6),建立犬CPB模型,两组均在转机前(T1)、阻断升主动脉15 min(T2)、45 min(T3)、开放升主动脉15 min(T4)、开放60 min停机时(T5)取静脉血,T1、T3、T5时点取尿液。静脉血离心后测血浆NE,尿液测C5b-9;T5时取右肾切片后观察形态学变化。结果①CPB后,两组动物各时点血浆NE和尿C5b-9含量显著高于CPB前。同时点组间比较,S组CPB后各时点血浆NE和尿C5b-9含量均低于C组(P0.05)。②CPB后两组动物肾脏病理形态学均有不同程度改变,但S组改变要轻于C组。结论 CPB中应用西维来司钠可通过抑制NE的活性,减少补体激活而产生的尿C5b-9浓度,对犬CPB中的肾脏有一定的保护作用。     

单肺通气期间肺损伤的机制及形态学研究

单肺通气(OLV)对肺组织的损伤主要有两方面机制,其一为缺氧性肺损伤,目前认为缺氧性肺血管收缩(HPV)是低氧对肺血管的直接作用,以及炎症性细胞因子释放的间接作用共同发挥效应;其二为机械的牵张性肺损伤,也用“生物性损伤”描述。现就近年来OLV所导致肺损伤的机制以及形态学变化作一综述。