Chromosome and DNA cytometric study of a papillary carcinoma of the bladder with a high stemline and numerous double minutes

A papillary cancer of the bladder [WHO grade 3] was studied with chromosome and DNA analysis. A high frequency of mitoses was noted, and analysis of 151 metaphases revealed a dominating stemline in the pentaploid region. More than 95% of the cells contained double minutes (dm). Flow cytometry showed the dominant stemline to be in the hexaploid region, that is, about 20% above the numerical chromosome value. This difference is generally obtained when these two methods are compared and is not influenced by the presence of dm. Both methods have been complementary in the evaluation of this tumor.     

Vergleichende Morphologie des lymphoepithelialen Karzinoms Primärtumor — Metastase — Xenotransplantat

Summary Tissue of lymphoepithelial tumor metastasis was transplanted subcutaneously to thymus-aplastic nude mice. After 75 days a pea-size tumor was developing which again was transplanted to further murine passages. During the second passage the tumor was growing faster and material was taken for light and electron microscopy. The results were compaired with the datas obtained from the primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma and metastasis. The tumor cells of the metastasis and of the xenograft showed all morphological criteria of a non-ceratinizing squamous epithelial carcinoma of undifferentiated type. The ultrastructural criteria of the human NPC-tumor cells were all present including cytoplasmic deposits of Corona viruses and Herpes virus-like particles within the nuclei and the cytoplasm.Für hervorragende Assistenz danken wir Frl. S. Linnenkohl und Frau U. Kostka.     

成人髋臼骨计算机三维重建及形态学测量

目的通过三维重建,对髋臼的形态学进行定量研究。方法选取40例成人髋臼标本,通过CT扫描、图像边界处理和定标,利用CAD软件直接拟合出髋臼骨形态,并应用Unigrapics软件集成的工具条对重建髋臼进行形态学的测量。结果髋臼拟合半径(R)为(30.48±2.05)mm;髋臼内侧壁最小厚度(L)为(2.35±1.13)mm;髋臼卵圆窝(Harris窝)深度(D)为(5.71±1.21)mm;横断面髋臼开口缘最大宽度(W)为(63.06±3.75)mm。统计显示,R值与W值相关,但R值、L值、D值之间并不相关。结论正常成人髋臼窝半径(R)与横断面髋臼开口缘最大宽度(W)之间有着明显相关性,髋臼拟合半径(R)、髋臼内侧壁最小厚度(L)、髋臼卵圆窝深度(D)之间并无相关。     

Effects of iron and phosphorus on Microcystis physiological reactions

INTRODUCTION Cyanobacteria are probably the best-studied group of phytoplanktonic microorganisms, because of their success and ubiquity in freshwater systems[1]. For example, Microcystis blooms often occur in summer in eutrophic temperate lakes and cause various problems, such as reduced transparency, decreased biodiversity, potential occurrence of oxygen depletion, odor and taste compounds, as well as production of toxins hazardous to animals and humans[2-3]. Besides the morphology of la…     

单肺通气期间肺损伤的机制及形态学研究

单肺通气(OLV)对肺组织的损伤主要有两方面机制,其一为缺氧性肺损伤,目前认为缺氧性肺血管收缩(HPV)是低氧对肺血管的直接作用,以及炎症性细胞因子释放的间接作用共同发挥效应;其二为机械的牵张性肺损伤,也用“生物性损伤”描述。现就近年来OLV所导致肺损伤的机制以及形态学变化作一综述。     

Classification of the dysmorphology of pectus excavatum

Background/Purpose

To describe the dysmorphology of pectus excavatum, the most common congenital chest wall anomaly.

Methods

A stratified sample of 64 patients, representative of a patient population with pectus excavatum of the Children's Hospital of King's Daughters in Norfolk, Va, was described and classified. The sample was stratified by sex to represent a 4:1 male-to-female ratio. The sample was further stratified to represent categories of age (3-10, 11-16, and 17 years and older). Preoperative photos and baseline chest computed tomography scans were examined and categorized according to the chief criteria, including asymmetry/symmetry of the depression, localized vs diffuse morphology, sternal torsion, cause of asymmetric appearance, and the length of the depression.

Results

Useful morphologic distinctions in pectus excavatum are localized depressions vs diffuse depressions, short and long length, symmetry, sternal torsion, slope/position of absolute depth, and unique patterns such as the horns of steer depression.

Conclusions

These classifications simplify the diagnosis of pectus excavatum, aid in corrective surgery, and should improve correlation of phenotype and genotype in future genetic analysis.     

幼年与成年兔椎间盘髓核细胞的形态学差异及其意义

目的探讨幼年与成年兔髓核细胞的形态学差异。方法利用激光共聚焦显微镜和透射电镜,对幼年和成年兔的髓核组织进行组织细胞水平和超微结构的观察。结果幼年兔的髓核细胞呈圆形,簇状分布,其直径为(266±167)μm,细胞簇的密度为每个高倍(×40)视野(14.9±4.3)个,细胞内含有大量空泡状的包含体。成年兔的髓核细胞呈圆形或类圆形,细胞簇小或呈单个散在分布,细胞簇的直径为(94±42)μm,细胞簇密度为每个高倍(×40)视野(8.0±2.4)个细胞,其中包含体数目少且不含大的包含体。结论幼年与成年兔的髓核细胞具有明显的形态结构差异。椎间盘成年期发生的这种形态结构上的变化可能是随年龄增加而椎间盘生物学功能逐渐降低的原因之一。     

右心室条束的形态观测及其临床意义

目的:为右心室条束的超声心动图诊断提供形态学基础。方法:采用50例成人心脏标本,观察右心室条束的出现率、附着点和形态,并对其长度和直径进行测量。结果:①有右心室条束34例,出现率为68％;其中,有2条或多条束者16例(47.07％)。右心室条束总计66条。②右心室条束分布于右心室的流入道,且多附着于室间隔与后乳头肌、乳头肌与乳头肌之间。③右心室条束的长度和直径分别为13.79±6.58mm和0.82±0.72mm。结论:右心室条束为正常解剖结构,但其异常可能引起临床症状。     

Nuclear condensation and fragmentation following cerebral hypoxia-ischemia occurs more frequently in immature than older rats

Apoptotic cell death is associated with condensation and fragmentation of the nuclear chromatin into apoptotic bodies. Such nuclei occur frequently following cerebral hypoxia-ischemia in 1 week old rats but seem sparse in older animals. We investigated the age dependence by counting pyknotic or punctate chromatin containing cells in the cerebral cortex of 1, 2 and 4 week old animals subjected to cerebral hypoxia-ischemia. In 1 week old animals the majority of injured neurons in the cortex had nuclei with punctate condensed chromatin but few were pyknotic. In the 2 and 4 week old animals the majority of injured cells were pyknotic (P<0.002). Electron microscopic studies demonstrated the presence of apoptotic bodies. The results suggest that immature brain retains a part of the developmental cell death `program' that is activated following hypoxia-ischemia.     

Horizontal cells in the retina of the brush-tailed possum

Most species of eutherian (placental) mammals examined have two types of horizontal cell, one is axonless and the other has a short axon. We have recently shown that a marsupial, the quokka wallaby, also has two types of horizontal cell and that the axonless cell in this species has unusual stubby processes that pass through the inner nuclear layer to reach the inner plexiform layer. In order to discover whether these descending processes are a feature of marsupials in general, I examined the morphology of retinal horizontal cells in the brush-tailed possum, using horseradish peroxidase labelling. There are two types of horizontal cell in the possum. One type is axonless and has long, fine dendrites somewhat similar to that in the quokka; however, there are several marked differences between the axonless cells seen in the two species. The axonless cell in the possum has on average ten secondary dendrites, twice as many as seen in the quokka. These dendrites are arranged in a radial distribution, unlike those in the quokka, which are polarised in a direction often orthogonal to the overlying ganglion cell axons. Axonless horizontal cells in the possum do not have descending processes that reach the inner plexiform layer as has been seen in the quokka. The second horizontal cell type, the shortaxon cell, has an axon and an axonal arbor and is similar to the short-axon cell seen in the retina of the quokka. Therefore, the morphology of the axonless horizontal cell appears to be variable, while that of the short-axon cell is conserved in marsupials as in eutherians.