兔泪腺摘除后的泪液分泌及其角膜上皮的形态学改变

目的观察摘除泪腺后,兔泪液S1T值、角膜荧光素染色和虎红染色的变化及其角膜上皮超微结构的变化,评估兔干眼症模型的建立。方法摘除兔泪腺和Harder氏腺,比较泪腺摘除前后S1T、角膜荧光素染色和虎红染色分值的变化,并在透射电镜下观察角膜上皮形态学的变化。结果泪腺摘除后平均S1T值(15.88±6.29mm/5min)低于摘除前的平均S1T值(20.25±5.52mm/5min),差别有统计学意义(P=0.0062)。平均角膜荧光素染色和虎红评分(分别为8.22±1.99和7.67±0.87)明显高于摘除前(分别为0.22±0.44和0.67±0.5),差别有统计学意义(两组均P<0.0001)。以上3个检查指标的变化说明摘除泪腺后出现水液性泪液分泌缺乏,导致角膜上皮点状剥脱,干燥及坏死。在形态学上泪腺摘除前后的角膜上皮也发生了明显的改变,透射电镜检查发现液化的表层上皮细胞,表层细胞膜破裂。以上的改变均符合干眼症的特征。结论摘除兔泪腺和Harder氏腺后兔泪液分泌减少,角膜上皮坏死,能有效形成泪液缺乏型干眼模型。     

胶质瘤组织形态学与患者预后

胶质瘤是最常见的原发脑内肿瘤，预后不佳。患者年龄、体力状况及恶性等级是影响预后的主要因素。由于组织学诊断相同的患者具有不同的转归，因此针对预测胶质瘤的生物学行为及其对治疗反应等问题．我们有必要寻找更好的判断预后的指标。本文复习文献分析胶质瘤的形态及生物学因素，以及它们与患者预后的关系；详细讨论了与胶质瘤相关的形态生物学特点：主要细胞类型，细胞构成，细胞学的异型性，增殖活力，微血管增殖，坏死和凋亡。     

蛇葡萄根的形态组织鉴定

本文报道了作蛇葡萄根药用的蛇葡萄Ampelopsis sinica、光叶蛇葡萄A、sinica var.hancei、三裂叶蛇葡萄A.delavayana和异叶蛇葡萄A.humulifolia var.heterophylla以及牯岭蛇葡萄A.bre-vipedunculata var.kulingensis等五种蛇葡萄属植物根的生药性状和显微鉴别特征,为蛇葡萄根的系统生药鉴别和深入开发提供了参考资料。     

成鼠面神经付核的形态学研究

HRP—TMB法研究了16只成鼠的面神经付核的中枢定位、细胞构筑和中枢神经元计数等问题。发现面神经付核为独立核团,位于面神经(主)核的背侧,贯穿延髓的上段与中段。核由大小两种神经细胞互相环抱网络而成。为了清晰显示标记神经核团与其周围神经核团的相互位置关系,作者建议将成色反应后的切片,投入中性红染液中复染。     

Neuropathic changes associated with insulin treatment of diabetic rats: Electron microscopic and morphometric analysis

Tibial nerves from control, untreated alloxan diabetic, and 4-week insulin treated alloxan diabetic rats were examined with light microscopy and computerized morphometric analysis of axons. Teased fiber preparations and electron microscopy were utilized to evaluate nerve degeneration. The insulin treatment regimens included daily injections of protamine zinc insulin (PZI), daily injections of ultralente insulin, and continuously delivered insulin through osmotic minipumps. Evaluation of axon:myelin ratios, teased fiber profiles, and electron microscopic cross sections of nerves demonstrated different degrees of neuropathic changes within the treated groups. The control group and untreated diabetic group showed little or no degeneration, while all insulin-treated groups showed evidence of Wallerian degeneration. Among these insulin treated groups, the PZI-treated group showed the greatest number of degenerating profiles while the minipump group showed the least. These data suggest that insulin treatment of alloxan diabetes results in axonal degeneration which closely resembles findings in human diabetic neuropathies. The substantially diminished number of degenerating axons seen in the osmotic minipump insulin-treated rats suggests that continuous delivery of insulin may decrease the neuropathic changes seen with single injection insulin therapy. Since virtually all insulin-dependent diabetic patients receive daily administration of insulin, the possibility that peripheral neuropathies may in part result from the insulin treatment requires more extensive investigation in a variety of animal models to separate the neuropathic effects of diabetes from the neuropathic effects of insulin therapy.     

The morphologic diagnosis of analgesic (phenacetin) abuse.

A number of different morphologic characteristics were examined to determine their relative values in establishing a purely morphologic diagnosis of phenacetin abuse. These included hyperpigmentation of the skin, the costal cartilages, the liver, and the renal tubules, and capillarosclerosis of the lower urinary tract. Hyperpigmentation of the skin, liver, and renal tubules cannot be used in the diagnosis of phenacetin abuse. Massive brown pigmentation of the costal cartilages in patients under 60 years of age suggests phenacetin abuse, but even this morphologic parameter, when used alone, is insufficient to establish a definite diagnosis. Capillarosclerosis in the lower urinary tract does, however, permit one to diagnose phenacetin abuse with certainty, as it is found exclusively in this condition.     

三黄中风康胶囊对气虚血瘀型缺血性中风大鼠的影响

目的探讨三黄中风康胶囊对大鼠气虚血瘀型缺血性中风模型的影响。方法通过线栓法阻塞大鼠大脑中动脉并结合中医病因学说建立气虚血瘀型缺血性中风模型，观察三黄中风康胶囊对气虚血瘀型缺血性中风模型大鼠的行为状态、脑缺血面积、脑组织形态学的改善情况。结果三黄中风康胶囊1．36、0．68、0．34g／kg剂量均能明显改善大鼠缺血性中风后的行为状态，缩小缺血范围，降低缺血程度，使病变的脑组织得到明显改善。结论三黄中风康胶囊能改善中风大鼠模型的神经行为，减少脑缺血梗死面积，有利于神经功能恢复。     

人工冬虫夏草的形态学特征与生物总量的相关性研究

目的:明确人工培育冬虫夏草的形态学特征与最大生物总量的相关性。方法:测量室内培殖2~3年的200根虫草的子座长度等参数之间以及各形态学特征与生物总量的相关性。结果:可孕部最大直径越大,或不孕部越长,或子座越长,或地上部分总长越大,或可孕部越长,所采收的冬虫夏草在重量上就越大。结论:本结果可作为判定室内人工冬虫夏草最大重量采收时期的初步标准。     

耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体分离及其生物学特性分析

目的分离耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体,研究其抗感染的潜能。方法从医院污水内分离耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体并进行生物学、形态学分析。结果分离并筛选出2株相对广谱噬菌体ΦA392、Φ1093;分析ΦA392形态学、生物学特征:5 min内约有96%的噬菌体被吸收,吸收速度常数K为1.28×10-8ml/min;潜伏期约为20~25 min,平均裂解量为125;有一个正多面体头部及可收缩尾轴结构,且两株噬菌体裂解谱互补。结论所筛选获得的噬菌体裂解性较强、裂解谱较宽,吸收率较高,潜伏期较短,可供临床抗感染治疗新型手段的进一步研究。     

青光眼视杯深度变化及其诊断作用的研究

目的探讨青光眼视杯深度变化规律及视杯深度在青光眼诊断中的作用。方法对正常人116例(116只眼)和原发性开角型青光眼患者63例(99只眼)进行了共焦激光扫描眼底镜(HRT)检查,获得12个视盘相关的参数,选取平均视杯深度(MCD)、最大视杯深度(MxCD)和视杯形态测量(CSM)进行两组间的比较。统计学采用双侧-t检验,方差分析,其在青光眼诊断中的作用采用受试者工作曲线(ROC)分析。结果MCD正常组和青光眼组分别为0.196±0.096mm和0.389±0.167mm;MxCD正常组和青光眼组分别为0.559±0.228mm和0.821±0.253mm;CSM正常组和青光眼组分别为-0.213±0.076mm、-0.056±0.088mm。正常人与青光眼患者间三个参数差异均有统计学意义(P值均为0.000)。正常人MCD和MxCD一般以颞侧最深,青光眼患者则多为上方最深。在诊断分析中,CSM、MCD和MxCD的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.892,0.850和0.757。结论视杯深度随着青光眼视杯的扩大、视网膜神经纤维的丢失逐渐加深,以上方的改变最明显。CSM、MCD和MxCD在青光眼的诊断分析有较重要的作用。