A cross-sectional comparison of clinical and endocrine parameters among phenotypes of polycystic ovarian syndrome in iranian population

Background and objective

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), as a major hormonal issue among reproductive age women, is categorized into four phenotypes regarding hyperandrogenism, oligo-anovulation and polycystic ovary morphology. This study aims to compare and predict the phenotypes based on metabolic and hormonal parameters.

窦房结细胞形态学和组织学观察方法的现状

目的 窦房结是生物体心脏起搏点,因为窦房结的起搏,心脏才会收缩舒张,将血液泵至全身各器官组织。本文从取材方法、染色方法、观察技术、未来展望四个方面对窦房结细胞的形态学和组织学观察方法进展进行综述。     

基于形态学和多基因位点鉴定甘肃秦艽斑枯病菌

目的:旨在明确甘肃省栽培秦艽斑枯病病原菌分类地位及其生物学特性,为该病的防控提供一定的理论依据。方法:通过形态学和分子生物学方法相结合确定病原分类地位,利用常规植物病原学培养的方法测定病原菌生物学特性。结果:秦艽斑枯病菌分生孢子器近球形、扁球形、黑褐色,55.3~125.8μm×51.7~115.3μm(平均83.3μm×83.2μm);分生孢子细镰刀形、披针形,具1~5个隔膜,多为3个,大小18.8~30.6μm×2.4~3.5μm(平均23.5μm×3.2μm)。通过ITS、LSU、RBP2和β-tubline多基因位点构建系统发育树,将秦艽斑枯病病原菌鉴定为龙胆壳针孢Septoria gentianae Thüm.。该菌菌丝生长、分生孢子萌发和产孢的温度范围分别为0~35℃、5~30℃和15~25℃,最适温度分别为20~25、20和15℃;连续光照有利于菌丝生长,连续黑暗有利于孢子萌发和病菌产孢;此菌在相对湿度75%以上时均可萌发,以水中萌发最好;菌丝生长、分生孢子萌发和产孢的适宜p H范围分别为4.0~10.0、4.51~9.19和5.0~8.0,最适p H为6.0、6.49和6.5;土壤浸渍液以及秦艽叶或根浸渍液对孢子萌发有较强的促进作用。结论:秦艽斑枯病是秦艽生长中的主要病害,在栽培过程中应注意药剂防治。     

Modelling mucociliary clearance

Mathematical modelling of the fluid mechanics of mucociliary clearance (MCC) is reviewed and future challenges for researchers are discussed. The morphology of the bronchial and tracheal airway surface liquid (ASL) and ciliated epithelium are briefly introduced. The cilia beat cycle, beat frequency and metachronal coordination are described, along with the rheology of the mucous layer. Theoretical modelling of MCC from the late 1960s onwards is reviewed, and distinctions between ‘phenomenological’, ‘slender body theory’ and recent ‘fluid–structure interaction’ models are explained.The ASL consists of two layers, an overlying mucous layer and underlying watery periciliary layer (PCL) which bathes the cilia. Previous models have predicted very little transport of fluid in the PCL compared with the mucous layer. Fluorescent tracer transport experiments on human airway cultures conducted by Matsui et al. [Matsui, H., Randell, S.H., Peretti, S.W., Davis, C.W., Boucher, R.C., 1998. Coordinated clearance of periciliary liquid and mucus from airway surfaces. J. Clin. Invest. 102 (6), 1125–1131] apparently showed equal transport in both the PCL and mucous layer. Recent attempts to resolve this discrepancy by the present authors are reviewed, along with associated modelling findings. These findings have suggested new insights into the interaction of cilia with mucus due to pressure gradients associated with the flat PCL/mucus interface. This phenomenon complements previously known mechanisms for ciliary propulsion. Modelling results are related to clinical findings, in particular the increased MCC observed in patients with pseudohypoaldosteronism. Recent important advances by several groups in modelling the fluid–structure interaction by which the cilia movement and fluid transport emerge from specification of internal mechanics, viscous and elastic forces are reviewed. Finally, we discuss the limitations of existing work, and the challenges for the next generation of models, which may provide further insight into this complex and vital system.     

Peri-hilar branching patterns and morphologies of the renal artery: a review and anatomical study

The peri-hilar (extra-parenchymal) branching pattern of the renal artery is important for surgeons to know prior to kidney transplantation. The aim of this study was to identify the variations in peri-hilar branching pattern and morphology of the main renal artery. Arteriograms of 81 kidneys were examined. After marking the renal shadow, the main renal artery was traced laterally from its origin. Morphologically, the arterial branching patterns were classified into ladder (with sequential branching points) and fork (with a common branching point) types. The latter was either duplicated or triplicated. The peri-hilar morphology of the main renal artery was then categorized according to its primary and secondary divisions and their patterns. If a single category encompassed at least 5% of the observed figures, it was recorded as a "cardinal" peri-hilar arterial morphology. Otherwise, it was counted within the category of "infrequent" morphologies. At the level of the main artery, a fork pattern was observed in 92.6% (n = 75) (80.2% duplicated (n = 65) and 12.4% triplicated (n = 10)) and a ladder pattern in 7.4% (n = 6) of kidneys. Of 160 primary branches off the fork-type main artery, a secondary division was found in 68.8%. Only one further division (4.4%) was noted from the ladder-type primary arteries. Eight "cardinal" peri-hilar renal arterial morphologies were identified and represented 82.7% of all cases. At least ten "infrequent" morphologies were also found. These patterns showed some alteration with the presence of a supernumerary renal artery. We concluded that the peri-hilar branching of main renal artery is highly variable, though this may follow certain patterns. We believe that the results may be useful to surgeons operating at the renal hilum especially during kidney transplantation.     

The morphology of the nostril sill

The nostril sill is a structure which has been overlooked in both anatomical and surgical texts. An understanding of the normal anatomy will help in reconstruction of the nostril both in congenital and acquired conditions, including cleft lip. In order to investigate this feature 100 normal Caucasian adults, with equal sex incidence, have been assessed by direct measurement and photography. Three major variants of form were identified with significant differences in sill height and angulation seen. A true nostril sill was found in only 62% of the study population and sex differences were noted among the variants. A relationship was noted between each nostril sill variant and nostril type. The implications for reconstruction are discussed.     

Morphological and biochemical variability of Microsporum canis strains

Seventy-two strains of Microsporum canis, of different origins, were examined from a morphological point of view and tested in relation to their hydrolytic activity on tyrosine, xanthine, casein, gelatin, their ureasic activity and their capacity to assimilate different nitrogenous substances.The morhological aspects, that vary within the M. canis isolates, were constant in the strains isolated from rabbits.A strain with particular features was isolated many times from the dogs and cats coming from the same breeder. In one case of pseudomycetoma, different isolates suggested the co-existence in animals of two different strains, one present on fur, the other responsible for deep lesions.     

78. Morphologie des Implantatlagers bei zementierten und nichtzementierten Gelenkimplantaten

Zusammenfassung Nach der Verankerung von Endoprothesenteilen kommt es im Implantatlager zu einemEinheilungsvorgang, der einer Frakturheilung entspricht. Dabei wird eine Grenzzone gegen das Implantat aufgebaut, die aus Kontakt-Zellen, Bindegewebe, Gefässen, Knochenmark und Knochen besteht. Der Knochen im Implantatlager unterliegt ausserdem einem Umbau, der das Ziel hat, dessen Struktur den veränderten biomechanischen Bedingungen anzupassen. Das Gewebe der Implantat-Knochen-Grenze kann auf Infekt, Materialzerrüttung oder -verschleiss wie auch auf mechanische Instabilität der Implantatverankerung mit Proliferation reagieren, die eine Resorption des Knochens und damit eine Lockerung des Implantates zur Folge hat.

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Morphology of the implant bed around cemented and non-cemented joint endoprostheses

Summary After the insertion of a joint endoprosthesis a healing process is initiated which is comparable to the fracture healing. Thus, a border zone is built up against the implant, being composed of lining cells, connective tissue, vessels, bone marrow and bone. The bone of the implant bed is subjected to a remodeling in order to adapt its structure to the change of the biomechanic stresses. The tissue of the implant bed may react to infection, degradation or wear of the materials and mechanical instability of the fixation as well. The characteristic feature of this reaction is cell and tissue proliferation which causes bone resorption and, possibly, loosening of the implant.