动态容积CT对隐匿性消化道出血的诊断价值

目的 探讨动态容积CT在隐匿性消化道出血(OGIB)中的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析28例OGIB患者的动态容积CT图像,总结320层动态容积CT在OGIB病因诊断中的具体优势、关键技术.结果 本组病例中,动态容积CT诊断肠道血管畸形13例,肠道肿瘤10例,小肠憩室并出血4例,非特异性小肠炎1例.图像后处理关键技术包括多平面重组(MPR)、容积再现(VR)、最大强度投影(MIP)以及CT血管成像技术.结论 动态增强容积CT可清晰显示小肠血管畸形、肠道肿瘤“血管染色”征象,并可充分展示肠管内腔和外观以及肠壁水肿、系膜炎症,对明确OGIB病因诊断具有重要的临床应用价值.     

1,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D Alone Improves Skeletal Growth,Microarchitecture, and Strength in a Murine Model of XLH,Despite Enhanced FGF23 Expression

X‐linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is characterized by impaired renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate owing to increased circulating FGF23 levels, resulting in rickets in growing children and impaired bone mineralization. Increased FGF23 decreases renal brush border membrane sodium‐dependent phosphate transporter IIa (Npt2a) causing renal phosphate wasting, impairs 1‐α hydroxylation of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, and induces the vitamin D 24‐hydroxylase, leading to inappropriately low circulating levels of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D). The goal of therapy is prevention of rickets and improvement of growth in children by phosphate and 1,25D supplementation. However, this therapy is often complicated by hypercalcemia and nephrocalcinosis and does not always prevent hyperparathyroidism. To determine if 1,25D or blocking FGF23 action can improve the skeletal phenotype without phosphate supplementation, mice with XLH (Hyp) were treated with daily 1,25D repletion, FGF23 antibodies (FGF23Ab), or biweekly high‐dose 1,25D from d2 to d75 without supplemental phosphate. All treatments maintained normocalcemia, increased serum phosphate, and normalized parathyroid hormone levels. They also prevented the loss of Npt2a, α‐Klotho, and pERK1/2 immunoreactivity observed in the kidneys of untreated Hyp mice. Daily treatment with 1,25D decreased urine phosphate losses despite a marked increase in bone FGF23 mRNA and in circulating FGF23 levels. Daily 1,25D was more effective than other treatments in normalizing the growth plate and metaphyseal organization. In addition to being the only therapy that normalized lumbar vertebral height and body weight, daily 1,25D therapy normalized bone geometry and was more effective than FGF23Ab in improving trabecular bone structure. Daily 1,25D and FGF23Ab improved cortical microarchitecture and whole‐bone biomechanical properties more so than biweekly 1,25D. Thus, monotherapy with 1,25D improves growth, skeletal microarchitecture, and bone strength in the absence of phosphate supplementation despite enhancing FGF23 expression, demonstrating that 1,25D has direct beneficial effects on the skeleton in XLH, independent of its role in phosphate homeostasis. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.     

Submucosal Hemangioma of the Trachea in an Infant: Diagnosis and Follow-Up with 3D-CT/Bronchoscopy

Introduction:

Infantile hemangiomas of the airway are diagnosed at bronchoscopy as part of the investigation of stridor or other respiratory symptoms. Here, we present three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT)/bronchoscopy findings of submucosal subglottic hemangioma missed at bronchoscopy.

Case Presentation:

We report on the clinical usefulness of 3D-CT/bronchoscopy as the primary diagnostic tool and follow-up method in the evaluation of suspected airway infantile hemangiomas, especially when the hemangioma is the submucosal type.

Conclusions:

3D-CT/bronchoscopy will reduce the need for invasive laryngoscopic studies and help to diagnose submucosal hemangiomas undetected on laryngoscope. Additionally, 3D-CT/bronchoscopy will help evaluating the extent of the lesion, degree of airway narrowing, and treatment response.     

无体模法定量CT测量椎体骨密度的可信度及重复性研究

[目的] 评价无体膜定量CT测量腰椎骨密度(BMD)的观察者内及观察者间一致性和可重复性。 [方法] 将31例患者的腰椎螺旋CT扫描数据传输至工作站进行骨密度测量。由3位经过培训的脊柱外科医生独立进行腰椎BMD测量,每位观察者对患者均测量2次。观察者内或观察者间的差异用重复测量的方差分析比较,一致性分析用组内相关系数(ICC)描述。观察者间的可靠性分析用Cronbach"s alpha系数描述。 [结果] 观察A 2次测得腰椎BMD为(67.14±26.71) mg/cc和(66.37±26.69) mg/cc,两者间差值率为(4.22±2.55)%(P=0.12, ICC=0.995);观察者B 2次测量的BMD为(68.89±29.37) mg/cc和(68.54±28.98) mg/cc, 差值率为(5.08±3.83)% (P=0.56, ICC=0.994);观察者C 2次测量的BMD为(69.31±26.72) mg/cc和(69.83±27.90) mg/cc, 差值率为(4.16±3.03)% (P=0.31, ICC=0.995)。 3个观察者所测腰椎BMD的值分别是(66.76±26.66)、(68.71±29.13)、(69.57±27.28) mg/cc ( P=0.15, ICC=0.957, Cronbach"s alpha系数 =0.985)。[结论] 无体膜QCT测量腰椎BMD具有较高的一致性和可重复性。     

CT‐guided aspiration cytology of advanced silicosis and confirmation of the deposited zeolite nano particles through X ray diffraction: A novel approach

Silicosis is a common occupational lung disease, resulting in fibrotic nodular lesions in the upper lobes of the lung parenchyma. Most of the pneumoconioses are diagnosed on the basis of relevant history and clinico‐radiological correlation. Image‐guided aspiration cytology appears to be poorly yielding and is not usually considered as a diagnostic modality. However, silicosis may sometimes offer a diagnostic challenge because of its radiological resemblance and clinical overlap with pulmonary tuberculosis and neoplastic lesions. We present a unique situation where image‐guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has been advised on the basis of nodular upper lobe opacities. The cytology smears revealed hypocellular granular material, while phase contrast and polarized light microscopy highlighted crystalline particles. History of silica dust exposure long back was available after the cytological evaluation, suggesting the diagnosis of pulmonary silicosis. X ray diffraction (XRD) crystallography was also possible on cytology smears, confirming zeolite nano particles of size as small as 40 ? 50 nm as the concerned agent for the first time. Cytological evaluation by phase contrast and polarized light microscopy may be useful for the confirmation of silicosis, supplemented by clinical history and radiological evaluation. XRD on smears may help in determination of chemical nature and particle size. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:246–249. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

显微镜下多血管炎咯血前胸部CT表现与临床意义

目的 探讨显微镜下多血管炎患者(microscopic polyangiitis,MPA)咯血前的胸部CT影像学特点及其临床意义.方法 回顾性分析30例确诊为MPA的胸部CT影像学表现和临床资料,其中咯血组11例,非咯血组19例,分析咯血组在咯血前的胸部CT影像学特点、临床资料,并与非咯血组对比.结果 30例患者均有不同程度的胸部CT异常表现,其中斑片影13例(43.3％),实变影8例(26.7％),磨玻璃影13例(43.3％);网格影14例(46.7％),胸腔积液20例(66.7％),肺大泡15例(50.0％),纵隔淋巴结肿大11例(36.7％),支气管扩张9例(30.0％),空洞1例(3.3％)为咯血组患者,小叶间隔增厚7例(23.3％)和结节影2例(6.7％)均为非咯血组患者,纤维条索影25例(83.3％).咯血组较非咯血组的斑片影、实变影、磨玻璃影、网格影明显增加(P＜0.05),咯血组患者在初次胸部CT影像学异常表现2～14 d后均出现不同程度的咯血.咯血组患者胸痛、咳嗽咯痰、心累气紧和炎症指标与非咯血组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 MPA患者肺部广泛的斑片影、实变影、磨玻璃影、网格影CT表现结合胸痛、咳嗽咯痰、心累气紧和炎症指标升高提示可能出现肺咯血.