碘对比剂在CT检查中的应用

我院自 1994年使用CT检查以来 ,需增强检查者的比例越来越高。增强检查确实提供了CT平扫不可替代的诊断信息 ,但是碘对比剂的副作用却令人担忧 ,因此 ,CT室的护理人员应认真做好对患者的筛选、敏试工作 ,严格掌握禁忌证 ,加强对副反应的预防性措施及意外抢救工作 ,合理使用对比剂 ,现将我院应用碘对比剂的方法介绍如下。1　严格掌握禁忌证严重的甲状腺功能亢进、失代偿性心肌功能不全者禁忌。妊娠及急性盆腔炎症时禁行子宫输卵管造影。2　认真筛选高危因素有碘造影剂过敏、严重肝肾功能损害、心脏和循环功能不全、肺气肿、体质极差者 ,重…     

Interobserver Agreement for the Diagnosis of Venous Thromboembolism on Computed Tomography Chest Angiography and Indirect Venography of the Lower Extremities in Emergency Department Patients

Objectives: To determine interobserver agreement between radiologists for computed tomography (CT) angiography and venography. CT venography of the lower extremities combined with standard CT angiography of the chest may result in an increased overall diagnosis rate of venous thromboembolism (pulmonary embolism or deep venous thrombosis).
Methods: The study had a retrospective cohort design. The population consisted of emergency department patients who were evaluated for suspected pulmonary embolism. A random sample of 50 patients diagnosed and treated for venous thromboembolism and 50 age- and gender-matched patients whose CT angiograms and venograms were read as negative were enrolled. The original reading (R1) was compared with readings of two study radiologists: R2, a general radiologist, and R3, a radiologist with fellowship training in cross-sectional imaging. All readers were blinded to each other.
Results: Both R2 and R3 found both CT angiogram and venogram components technically adequate in 95% (95% CI = 89% to 98%) and 86% (95% CI = 78% to 92%) of studies, respectively. The agreement was very good for CT angiography (lowest agreement = 92%; lowest κ = 0.83) and was good for CT venography (85%, κ = 0.65). In nine cases, R1 read the CT angiogram as negative but the venogram as positive for DVT, whereas both R2 and R3 read both components as negative in four of these nine, suggesting a false-positive isolated DVT rate of 44% (95% CI = 19% to 73%). In no case did R1 read both scan components as negative when R2 and R3 agreed on presence of pulmonary embolism or DVT.
Conclusions: Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism on CT angiography is more reliable than diagnosis of isolated DVT on CT venography.     

胸壁病变的CT与X线诊断

目的:探讨CT、X线诊断胸壁病变的价值。材料和方法:回顾性分析53例胸壁病变的CT和X线表现,并评估其诊断价值。结果:53例中,CT确诊52例,X线平片确诊41例。正常7例,炎性和脓肿3例、骨折6例、胸膜病变12例(粘连4例、胸膜增厚3例、胸膜钙化3例、结核瘤2例)、良性肿瘤9例(脂肪瘤3例、神经纤维瘤3例、嗜酸性肉芽肿2例、间皮瘤1例)、恶性肿瘤16例(转移瘤13例、骨髓瘤3例)。结论:CT正确诊断率(98%)明显高于X线(77%),可以明确诊断胸壁病变,能发现X线平片不能发现的征象,具有较高的诊断价值。     

颅内黑色素瘤3例

1病例介绍例1男性患者,35岁,因为头痛1月、加重伴左侧肢体活动受限5天入院。体格检查:左上肢肌力Ⅳ级、左下肢肌力Ⅲ级,强握反射阳性,有震颤。CT检查:右侧颞顶部高密度病灶约5.3 cm×4.2 cm,边缘光滑规则,占位效应明显;该病灶内还有一个边界清楚的高密度影,明显强化,诊断为脑膜     

CT引导下微创清除术治疗高血压脑出血的疗效观察

目的 :探讨CT引导下微创清除术治疗急性高血压脑出血的疗效。方法 :对 38例急性高血压脑出血患者微创清除术前后行CT扫描 ,在CT引导下行微创清除术 ,并动态观察其疗效。结果 :38例急性高血压脑出血患者首次血肿清除率达 2 8.0 %～ 4 0 .0 %,其中 1 2例首次清除率为 4 0 .0 %～ 5 6 .0 %。存活 32例 7d后复查头颅CT证实者血肿清除率达 80 %以上。治愈有效率为 84 .2 %,死亡率为 1 5 .8%。结论 :CT引导下的微创清除术能有效地降低急性高血压脑出血的死亡率和致残率。     

CT导向下医疗用臭氧治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的观察CT导向下医用臭氧治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。方法30例腰椎间盘突出症患者,术前均经CT或MRI检查证实。在CT导向下行臭氧消融治疗。盘内注入浓度为60μg/ml臭氧10-20 ml,退针出纤维环至椎间孔附近,注入浓度为40μg/ml臭氧5 ml。结果随访时间1-6个月,显效7例,有效18例,无效5例,总有效率为80.3%,未发生任何明显并发症。结论CT导向下医用臭氧局部注射是治疗腰椎间盘突出症的一种有效方法。     

多层螺旋CT血管造影诊断髂及下肢动脉闭塞性病变的价值

目的:评价多层螺旋CT诊断髂及下肢血管闭塞性病变的价值。材料和方法:185例怀疑髂总动脉及下肢动脉闭塞性病变的患者行16层螺旋CT血管造影检查。其中大动脉炎6例,外伤4例和动脉粥样硬化175例。采用16层螺旋CT,层厚1.25mm,重建间隔1mm。100mL非离子造影剂(300mgI/mL)以4mL/s的速度经手背静脉或肘静脉注入,注射开始后25~30S进行扫描。在工作站获得多平面重建(MPR)、曲面重建(CPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)和容积重建(VR)图像,并应用血管分析软件测量血管狭窄程度。结果:128例CTA可显示髂及下肢动脉狭窄/闭塞。有7例患者行血管内支架治疗;26例行人工血管架桥或大隐静脉植入手术,31例患者同时进行了MSCTA和DSA检查。MSCTA对腘动脉以上和腘动脉以下狭窄和闭塞显示与DSA一致性好。结论:多层面螺旋CT是下肢血管病变的术前评价和术后复查非常有用的影像手段,可以替代有创的诊断性血管造影检查。     

输卵管卵巢脓肿与卵巢良性肿瘤的CT鉴别诊断

目的:分析输卵管卵巢脓肿的CT特征,探讨CT对输卵管卵巢脓肿与卵巢附件良性肿瘤的鉴别诊断价值。材料和方法:回顾性分析13例输卵管卵巢脓肿和11例卵巢良性肿瘤的CT表现。结果:绝经前患者输卵管卵巢脓肿12例(12/13例),良性肿瘤组4例(4/11例)。脓肿13例(13/13例)、良性肿瘤9例(9/11例),CT表现为附件区囊实性肿块,脓肿和良性肿瘤边缘轮廓模糊不清分别为11例(11/13例)和4例(4/11例),两组显示囊壁增厚和边缘层状增强分别为10例(10/13例)和2例(2/11例)。脓肿的子宫骶骨韧带增厚和骶前直肠周围脂肪模糊分别为10/13例和9/11例,而良性肿瘤组无1例发生。结论:附件脓肿壁增厚和层状增强,子宫骶骨韧带增厚及骶前直肠周围脂肪模糊有助于鉴别输卵管卵巢脓肿和卵巢良性肿瘤。     

食管癌的X线CT检查分析

目的:探讨食管癌X线检查与术前CT检查的临床意义.方法:收集50例食管癌患者的X线CT检查进行分析.结果:食道吞钡均能发现食管癌,且已处于中晚期;术前CT检查基本能发现病变,同时还能发现有淋巴或周围软组织侵犯征象.结论:食道吞钡是食管癌首选的检查方法,术前CT检查可为临床治疗进一步提供科学依据.