Programmes for tobacco and alcohol users in Australian work-places

This article presents findings from a survey of programmes available for tobacco and alcohol users working in 455 of Australia's top 600 companies. Companies were twice as likely to have programmes for smokers (43%) as for problem drinkers (24%) and these programmes were more apparent in large companies. The majority of programmes for smoking were delivered within a health promotion context which included other life-style issues, such as nutrition, exercise, weight management and stress management. Although Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) were the most commonly available type of work-place programme for excessive drinkers and other drug users, followed by Alcoholics Anonymous and local hospital clinics, only 6% had an EAP for alcohol. Only 21% of programmes for smokers and 12% for excessive alcohol users were evaluated. Around one-quarter of companies knew the costs of smoking programmes, and 9% reported costs of conducting programmes for excessive alcohol consumers.     

Effects of theβ-adrenoceptor antagonists acebutolol and metoprolol on sleep pattern in normal subjects

Summary The effects of acute introduction and withdrawal of 2 new -adrenergic blockers, acebutolol and metoprolol, on sleep in normal subjects were investigated. Both the subjective effects of the drug and EEG sleep variables were determined during a baseline period with placebo and in relation to the drug. The results showed that neither drug had a significant effect on sleep pattern in normal subjects. However, a transient effect on certain sleep parameters was seen on the first night of drug administration, with complete return to baseline, on the following night without any evidence of rebound. Possible mechanisms to explain the central actions of -adrenergic blockers are briefly discussed.     

c-Ha-ras、c-erbB_2癌基因产物和p53、nm23抑癌基因产物对葡萄胎恶变的预测价值

目的：探讨ｃ－Ｈａ－ｒａｓ、ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ２癌基因产物和ｐ５３、ｎｍ２３抑癌基因产物表达异常和葡萄胎恶变的关系及在预测葡萄胎恶变的价值。方法：采用针对４种基因产物的单克隆抗体，ＳＰ法免疫组织化学染色，回顾分析了≥２ａ随访证实发生恶变的葡萄胎５０例（恶变组）和未发生恶变的葡萄胎３２例（非恶变组）中４种基因产物的表达情况。结果：恶变组中ｃ－Ｈａ－ｒａｓ和ｎｍ２３基因产物的表达程度显著低于非恶变组（Ｐ＜０．０１，Ｐ＜０．００１）；恶变组中ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ２及ｐ５３基因产物的表达程度显著高于非恶变组（Ｐ＜０．０１，Ｐ＜０．０５）。进一步以４种基因产物的表达程度为变量，进行ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归判别分析，表明４种基因产物联合应用对葡萄胎恶变的预测敏感性率为８６％，特异性率为７８．１％，而ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ逐步回归判别分析显示，ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ２和ｎｍ２３基因产物联合应用时，对葡萄胎恶变的预测敏感性率为８４％，特异性率为７５％。结论：ｃ－Ｈａ－ｒａｓ、ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ２癌基因产物及ｐ５３、ｎｍ２３抑癌基因产物表达异常与葡萄胎恶变密切相关，用以预测葡萄胎恶变具有较高的价值     

The Economic Value of Childhood Varicella Vaccination in France and Germany

OBJECTIVE: To determine the economic impact of childhood varicella vaccination in France and Germany. METHODS: A common methodology based on the use of a varicella transmission model was used for the two countries. Cost data (2002 per thousand) were derived from two previous studies. The analysis focused on a routine vaccination program for which three different coverage rates (CRs) were considered (90%, 70%, and 45%). Catch-up strategies were also analyzed. A societal perspective including both direct and indirect costs and a third-party payer perspective were considered (Social Security in France and Sickness Funds in Germany). RESULTS: A routine vaccination program has a clear positive impact on varicella-related morbidity in both countries. With a 90% CR, the number of varicella-related deaths was reduced by 87% in Germany and by 84% in France. In addition, with a CR of 90%, routine varicella vaccination induces savings in both countries from both societal (Germany 61%, France 60%) and third-party payer perspectives (Germany 51%, France 6.7%). For lower CRs, routine vaccination remains cost saving from a third-party payer perspective in Germany but not in France, where it is nevertheless cost-effective (cost per life-year gained of 6521 per thousand in the base case with a 45% CR). CONCLUSION: Considering the impact of vaccination on varicella morbidity and costs, a routine varicella vaccination program appears to be cost saving in Germany and France from both a societal and a third-party payer perspective. For France, routine varicella vaccination remains cost-effective in worst cases when a third-party payer perspective is adopted. Catch-up programs provide additional savings.     

医院设备购置中的供应商选择

供应商选择在医院设备采购中越来越重要。本文构建了医疗设备的供应商评价体系，然后应用模糊综合评判方法建立了供应商评价模型，最后给出算例予以说明。     

Firebird冠脉涂膜支架系统生物学安全性评价研究

依据国家标准GB/T16175-1996,选择10项试验对Firebird冠脉涂膜支架系统进行生物学安全性评价[1],结果表明该支架系统的血液相容性良好,无全身毒性和细胞毒性,无热源性、致敏性、刺激性,也无遗传毒性,组织相容性尚可,是一种生物相容性优良的Firebird冠脉涂膜支架系统.     

深圳市世界银行贷款结核病控制绩效评价

目的 对深圳市为期8年的全人口世行贷款结核病控制项目工作进行绩效评价。探讨 项目绩效评价的方法。方法 收集1993～2001年深圳市全人口结核病控制项目周期内转诊、可疑者接诊、涂阳患病、痰菌阴转、治愈情况等及费用筹集和使用的有关资料，并在项目实施前后进行结核病流行病学调查和耐药监测。从服务公平性、健康可及性、项目效果、项目效益、项目效率等方面对该项目进行评价。结果 (1)服务公平：将外来人口纳入结核病控制项目管理，实施全人口控制策略，并取得了与户籍人口一致的效果；(2)健康可及：健全了市、区、镇三级防治网络。全面实施归口管治。推行全程督导管理方式(DOTS)策略；(3)效果明显：减少了1．5万新发病人。患病率下降超过50％，初始涂阳耐多药率下降7％；(4)效益巨大：直接经济效益1．42亿元，间接经济效益挽回GDP损失30．6亿元，减少个人收入17．6亿元；(5)效率高：2月末痰菌阴转率88．8％。3月末痰菌阴转率96．0％。结论 该项目实施8年绩效明显。政府承诺保证该项目可持续发展是非常必要的。     

综合评价法在计划免疫评价中的应用

目的：评价计划免疫工作。方法：应用综合系数法对通州市1999-2003年计划免疫工作进行评价。结果：通州市近5年计划免疫综合指标各年均达标，分类指标除2002、2003年效益指标未达标外，其余均达标。结论：利用综合系数法评价计划免疫工作是可行的。     

5-HT3受体拮抗剂的进展与临床应用评价

目的:对5-HL3受体拮抗剂的进展和临床应用进行进一步评价,以期为临床医师和药师提供参考.方法:通过对国内、外近期文献的收集整理.对5-HL受体拮抗荆进行分析与综述.结果与结论:5-HL受体拮抗剂的问世,使缓解由癌症化疗所致的呕吐已不再成为难题,但须遵循目前国内、外有关呕吐处理若干意见,达到治疗的规范化.