结节性甲状腺肿及其非典型结节与甲状腺癌细胞核DNA定量研究

作者对结节性甲状腺肿及其非典型结节与甲状腺癌细胞核直径、面积及 DNA 含量检测,发现核直径与面积的(?)和 S 为甲状腺癌组>非典型结节组>对照组(P<0.01);随着细胞增生异型程度的加重,核直径、面积及离散程度随之增加、DNA 含量也显著增加,显示Ⅲ级 DNA 含量细胞出现频率越高恶性的可能性就越大;同时发现各组细胞核不同 DNA 含量的核直径、面积均明显增加,与对照组相比差异生非常显著(P<0.01)。     

细小病毒H－1对正常仓鼠肝细胞DNA周期动力学的影响

健康成年金黄仓鼠腹腔内接种ＰＶＨ－１（５×１０６ｐｆｕ），ＦＣＭ动态检测肝细胞ＤＮＡ周期动力学变化，结果显示：ＰＶＨ－１接种后处于Ｇ０＋Ｇ１期的肝细胞与对照组动物相比无显著差异。Ｓ期肝细胞在第３天显著高于对照组动物（Ｐ＜０．０５），且在第７天时仍呈上升趋势，第１４天到３０天趋于正常水平。Ｇ２＋Ｍ期肝细胞在ＰＶＨ－１接种后第３０天升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结果提示，动物在ＰＶＨ－１接种后第３到第７天是病毒在肝细胞中的复制高峰，并阻滞仓鼠处于Ｓ期肝细胞分裂进入Ｇ２＋Ｍ期，但是这种阻滞作用较短暂、并可逆，在ＰＶＨ－１接种后１４～３０天自然消失。     

DNA flow-cytometric analysis in colorectal cancer: A comparison of metastasizing and non-metastasizing tumours

The most common cause of death in patients with colorectal cancer is metastatic liver disease. In order to identify patients at a high risk of developing hepatic secondaries from colorectal cancers, DNA content was measured in metastasizing colorectal primaries (Group I, n= 32) as well as in their subsequently resected liver secondaries and in sections of non-metastasizing colorectal cancers (Group II, n= 25). A modified interpretation system involving both a DNA index and percentage of cycling cells (those in S and G2 + M phases) was developed. DNA content was measured in paraffin-embedded sections by flow cytometry using internal controls (human peripheral blood mononuclear cells) and non-malignant tissue controls (19 patients with diverticular disease). In Group I there were significantly more tumours with both abnormal ploidy (aneuploid or abnormal tetraploid peak) and > 15% cycling cells compared with Group II (Chi-squared; P= 0.034). The combination of abnormal ploidy and > 15% cycling cells was superior to Dukes’ classification for identifying metastasizing tumours (Logistic Regression; P= 0.047). However, it was not possible to discriminate between the two groups using either DNA ploidy or the percentage of cycling cells alone. The metastasizing colorectal cancers exhibited similar DNA ploidy characteristics and had a similar percentage of cycling cells compared with their liver metastases. These results suggest that tumour DNA ploidy plus the percentage of cycling cells may predict the development of liver metastases and thus survival in patients with colorectal cancer.     

瘤体内DNA倍体异质性与食管鳞状细胞癌病理特性的关系

目的探讨食管鳞状细胞癌瘤体内ＤＮＡ倍体异质性及其与肿瘤病理学特性的关系。方法采用多点取材方法，应用流式细胞术对８０例中晚期食管鳞癌标本的ＤＮＡ倍体类型进行分析。如果一个标本中的３个样品中的倍体类型不一致，即判定为倍体异质性肿瘤（ＰＨＴ），其余为非倍体异质性肿瘤（Ｎ－ＰＨＴ）。然后用统计学方法分析ＤＮＡ倍体异质性与肿瘤病理学特性的关系。结果８０例中，共检出异倍体肿瘤７１例（８８．８％），ＤＮＡ指数范围为０．７７～１．７４。倍体异质性肿瘤的检出率为４７．５％（３８／８０）。倍体异质性与肿瘤的侵润程度，淋巴结转移及患者预后有关（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０２５），而与组织分级和瘤体大小无关（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论ＤＮＡ倍体异质性是一种重要的肿瘤生物学现象。深入研究它将对判断肿瘤的病理特性、患者预后及协助组织学分级具有重要的价值。     

高密度cDNA微阵列技术检测乳腺癌差异表达基因

目的 描绘乳腺癌的基因差异表达谱，以寻找乳腺癌新的肿瘤相关候选基因和分子标志。方法 用含14000个cDNA克隆的表达微阵列检测乳腺癌组织、乳腺癌旁组织及乳腺非癌组织的mRNA表达，并分析其表达的差异。结果 乳腺癌组织与乳腺非癌组织比较有80个差异表达基因，乳腺癌组织与乳腺癌旁组织比较有57个差异表达基因，乳腺癌旁组织与乳腺非癌组织比较有29个差异表达基因，在乳腺癌组织与乳腺非癌组织和乳腺癌旁组织比较中有14个差异表达基因是一致的。结论 用微阵列技术对乳腺癌的肿瘤相关基因和分子标志作初步探索，为了解中国女性乳腺癌发生发展的分子机制、发展新的诊断和治疗手段提供了信息。     

环氧乙烷对大鼠DNA损伤机理的研究

为探讨环氧乙烷（ＥｔＯ）对ＤＮＡ分子水平的损伤作用，采用血红蛋白基因特异性的单引物，对用ＥｔＯ染毒不同时间的Ｗｉｓｔａｒ雄鼠和对照个体的肝、肾、睾丸等组织的ＤＮＡ进行半随机ＰＣＲ扩增。结果显示：在吸入染毒（８００ｍｇ／ｍ３）６～９周条件下，ＥｔＯ可引起肝、肾、睾丸等组织不同程度的ＤＮＡ损伤，其中睾丸组织ＤＮＡ损伤最为严重。     

内镜激光治疗食管和贲门早期表浅癌疗效及DNA和p53表达与预后关系的研究

目的：研究内镜Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光治疗食管和贲门早期表浅癌的远期疗效和ＤＮＡ及ｐ５３表达与预后的关系。方法：对内镜激光治疗癌细胞消失的３２例食管和贲门早期表浅癌病人进行３３～７８个月（平均５５．３个月）的随访。并与１１７例早期食管癌和贲门癌的自然病程对比分析。应用ＰｒｏｄｕｃｔＬｉｍｉｔＥｓｔｉｍａｔｅ方法计算其存活率。应用免疫组化染色法检测ｐ５３表达。应用分光光度计测定癌细胞ＤＮＡ含量。结果：内镜激光治疗５年存活率为９７％，自然病程５年存活率为６７％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ｐ５３阳性表达和ＤＮＡ非整倍体型病人的复发率分别为７６．９％和６４．３％。结论：内镜Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光是治疗食管和贲门早期表浅癌的有效方法。抗癌基因ｐ５３和ＤＮＡ倍体数与病人的预后有关。     

Relationship between cellular ATP content and cellular functions of primary cultured rat hepatocytes in hypoxia

The importance of oxygen in maintaining the functional integrity of hepatocytes has been well established in a variety of experimental models, such as in vivo , perfused liver and isolated hepatocytes. However, one of the shortcomings of these systems is their short life span. Therefore, we have examined the effects of long-term hypoxia on cellular adenine nucleotide content and cellular functions, such as albumin production, urea production and DNA synthesis, in adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture. Hepatocytes were cultured at a density of 11 × 10⁴ and 5 × 10⁴ cells/0.18 mL per cm² for the study of albumin and urea production and DNA synthesis, respectively, at various oxygen tensions (20, 12, 8 and 5%) for 24 h. Cellular ATP content in cultured hepatocytes in hypoxia gradually declined, corresponding to the decrease in oxygen tension, and the cellular ATP level at 5% oxygen was approximately 20% of that at 20% oxygen. Albumin production also decreased in parallel with the decrease in cellular ATP content in cultured hepatocytes in hypoxia. However, even when cellular ATP content gradually declined corresponding with the decrease in oxygen tension in cultured hepatocytes in hypoxia, such as at 8 or 5% oxygen, urea production remained at a high level; in contrast, DNA synthesis was completely suppressed. These results suggest that the cellular ATP content decreases in cultured hepatocytes during long-term hypoxia in relation to oxygen tension and that the relationship between decreased ATP levels and liver function in cultured hepatocytes during hypoxia differs for albumin production, urea production and DNA synthesis.     

人白细胞干扰素诱导慢性乙型肝炎病人DNA损伤修复的探讨

应用不同浓度人白细胞干扰素处理10例慢性乙型肝炎病人外周血淋巴细胞,观察病人姐妹染色单体互换(SCE)频率的动力学变化.结果表明,人白细胞干扰素处理组SCE平均频率明显低于对照组,差异高度显著(P<0.01);慢性迁延性肝炎和慢性活动性肝炎处理组之间SCE平均频率无显著性差异;但人白细胞干扰素处理低浓度组SCE平均频率低于高浓度组,差异不显著(P>0.05).提示人白细胞干扰素具有诱导HBV损伤人体DNA的修复作用;大剂量人白细胞干扰素对HBV损伤人体DNA的修复未必有益.