Skin permeation and metabolism of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)

Phthalates are suspected to be endocrine disruptors. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is assumed to have low dermal absorption; however, previous in vitro skin permeation studies have shown large permeation differences. Our aims were to determine DEHP permeation parameters and assess extent of skin DEHP metabolism among workers highly exposed to these lipophilic, low volatile substances.     

人血丙种球蛋白治疗重症手足口病48例

目的:探讨人血丙种球蛋白对重症手足口病(神经系统受累期)早期治疗的临床体会,为重症手足口病的临床治疗提供参考。方法:回顾性总结分析我院在2012年8月至2013年9月期间收治的96例重症手足口病患者的临床病例资料,随机分为治疗组和对照组各48例,两组均用利巴韦林、甲基泼尼松龙和甘露醇治疗,治疗组加人血丙种球蛋白进行治疗,比较两组患者的临床治疗效果及死亡率。结果:治疗组和对照组临床疗效及死亡率差异有显著统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:早期应用人血丙种球蛋白治疗重症手足口病疗效好,住院天数缩短,死亡率明显下降。     

Advances in Percutaneous Coronary Interventions for Elderly Patients

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and the most common cause of death in older adults. Paradoxically, elderly patients tend to be systematically excluded from randomized-controlled cardiovascular trials, which complicates decision-making in this population. Management of CHD in the elderly is frequently more difficult in virtue of chronic comorbid conditions and aging-intrinsic dynamics. Despite these challenges, the number of elderly and very elderly patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) is increasing. Elderly patients in many registries and large clinical series exhibit even a greater benefit from interventional procedures than younger patients, but they have a higher rate of overall complications. We present an overview of the current available evidence of PCI in older adults with stable and unstable CHD, including comparisons between drug-eluting and bare-metal stents, transfemoral and transradial access, and methods of revascularization. Adjuvant antiplatelet and antithrombotic therapies are also discussed.     

Natural and anthropogenic radioactivity levels and the associated radiation hazard in the soil of Oodalia Tea Estate in the hilly region of Fatickchari in Chittagong,Bangladesh

Radioactivity in the soil of a tea garden in the Fatickchari area in Chittagong, Bangladesh, was measured using a high-resolution HPGe detector. The soil samples were collected from depths of up to 20 cm beneath the soil surface. The activity concentrations of naturally occurring ²³⁸U and ²³²Th were observed to be in the range of 27 ± 7 to 53 ± 8 Bq kg⁻¹ and 36 ± 11 to 72 ± 11 Bq kg⁻¹, respectively. The activity concentration of ⁴⁰K ranged from 201 ± 78 to 672 ± 81 Bq kg⁻¹, and the highest activity of fallout ¹³⁷Cs observed was 10 ± 1 Bq kg⁻¹. The average activity concentration observed for ²³⁸U was 39 ± 8 Bq kg⁻¹, for ²³²Th was 57 ± 11 Bq kg⁻¹, for ⁴⁰K was 384 ± 79 Bq kg⁻¹ and for ¹³⁷Cs was 5 ± 0.5 Bq kg⁻¹. The radiological hazard parameters (representative level index, radium equivalent activity, outdoor and indoor dose rates, outdoor and indoor annual effective dose equivalents, and radiation hazard index) were calculated from the radioactivity in the soil.     

经静脉自控镇痛治疗晚期癌性疼痛40例

目的观察经静脉自控镇痛治疗晚期癌性疼痛的临床疗效。方法选取我院于2016年1月~2017年1月收治的80例晚期癌性疼痛患者作为观察对象,均经病理、影像学及临床确诊,无手术、化疗、放疗指征,80例晚期癌性疼痛患者采用随机数字法分为对照组和观察组,每组40例,对照组应用地佐辛,观察组应用舒芬太尼,比较两组患者术前及术后不同时间点的VAS评分、镇痛满意率。结果观察组与对照组患者术前的VAS评分比较,差异无显著性(P0.05)。观察组患者术后12 h、术后24 h的VAS评分明显低于对照组,差异有显著性(P0.05)。观察组的镇痛满意率明显高于对照组,差异有显著性(P0.05)。观察组的不良反应发生率明显低于对照组,差异有显著性(P0.05)。结论经静脉自控镇痛治疗晚期癌性疼痛可以显著减轻患者的疼痛,提高镇痛满意率,具有一定的临床研究价值,为晚期癌性疼痛患者临床镇痛药物的选择提供了有利支持。     

2010～2012年医院感染现患率调查分析

目的 了解医院感染现患率、抗菌药物使用及微生物送检的动态变化.方法 按照《医院感染预防与控制标准操作规程》中横断面调查方法,对2010年7月27日、2011年9月8日和2012年8月10日（0：00～24：00）所有住院患者进行调查.结果 医院感染现患率逐年下降,平均为2.69％；感染部位以下呼吸道为主,平均占50.57％,并呈逐年上升趋势；感染高发科室有ICU、血液内科、肾内科、神经外科、新生儿科；抗菌药物使用率平均为59.44％,逐年下降；病原学送检率平均为57.51％;3年共检出病原体106株,以革兰阴性细菌为主.结论 通过连续的现患率调查可掌握医院感染的动态变化,医院感染的高发部位及高危科室,为今后医院感染管理重点提供依据.     

2008-2011年产气肠杆菌的临床分布及耐药性分析

目的 分析产气肠杆菌临床分布特点及对常用抗菌药物的耐药性变化,以更好地指导临床的合理使用抗菌药物.方法 采用WHONET5软件统计分析2008年1月-2011年12月临床分离的产气肠杆菌临床分布和耐药率.结果 4年内共分离到产气肠杆菌459株,其中2008-2011年分别检出108、101、130、120株；病原菌主要来源于住院患者的痰液213株占46.4％、胆汁70株占15.3％、血液51株占11.1％、尿液50株占10.9％;4年耐药监测显示,亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率在2.0％～7.9％,呈明显的逐年上升趋势；头孢类抗菌药物除头孢唑林耐药率较高约90.0％外,其他如头孢替坦、头孢曲松、头孢他啶、头孢吡肟等耐药率由最高的55.5％下降至最低28.5％,氨苄西林/舒巴坦、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦等复合制剂耐药率也由最高70.2％下降至最低21.1％,同时阿米卡星、庆大霉素等氨基糖苷类等药物的耐药率亦呈下降趋势,最高30.4％,最低为0,对喹诺酮类的耐药率约30.0％,保持相对稳定.结论 4年产气肠杆菌对头孢菌类、氨基糖苷类、复合制剂等药物的耐药率有所降低,而碳青霉烯类药物的耐药率呈上升趋势,说明细菌耐药性存在动态的变化,及时对细菌耐药性进行分析,依据药敏结果合理选用抗菌药物,严格掌握适应证,可减少或延缓耐药菌株的播散.     

Neural dynamics of inflectional and derivational morphology processing in the human brain

We investigated neural distinctions between inflectional and derivational morphology and their interaction with lexical frequency using the mismatch negativity (MMN), an established neurophysiological index of experience-dependent linguistic memory traces and automatic syntactic processing. We presented our electroencephalography (EEG) study participants with derived and inflected words of variable lexical frequencies against their monomorphemic base forms in a passive oddball paradigm, along with acoustically matched pseudowords. Sensor space and distributed source modelling results showed that at 100–150 msec after the suffix onset, derived words elicited larger responses than inflected words. Furthermore, real derived words showed advantage over pseudo-derivations and frequent derivations elicited larger activation than less frequent ones. This pattern of results is fully in line with previous research that explained lexical MMN enhancement by an activation of strongly connected word-specific long-term memory circuits, and thus suggests stronger lexicalisation for frequently used complex words. At the same time, a strikingly different pattern was found for inflectional forms: higher response amplitude for pseudo-inflections than for real inflected words, with no clear frequency effects. This is fully in line with previous MMN results on combinatorial processing of (morpho)syntactic stimuli: higher response to ungrammatical morpheme strings than grammatical ones, which does not depend on the string's surface frequency. This pattern suggests that, for inflectional forms, combinatorial processing route dominates over whole-form storage and access. In sum, our results suggest that derivations are more likely to form unitary representations than inflections which are likely to be processed combinatorially, and imply at least partially distinct brain mechanisms for the processing and representation of these two types of morphology. These dynamic mechanisms, underpinned by perisylvian networks, are activated rapidly, at 100–150 msec after the information arrives at the input, and in a largely automatic fashion, possibly providing neural basis for the first-pass morphological processing of spoken words.     

The effect of speaking rate on velopharyngeal function in healthy speakers

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of speaking rate variation on aerodynamic and acoustic measures of velopharyngeal (VP) function. Twenty-seven healthy adult speakers (14 males, 13 females) participated in the study. The modified pressure-flow method was used to collect aerodynamic data of /m/ and /p/ segments in the word ‘hamper’ and the utterances ‘Mama made some lemon jam’ (MMJ) and ‘Buy Bobby a puppy’ (BBP). SPL was collected simultaneously with aerodynamic data for all utterances. A Nasometer was used to obtain nasalance scores and nasalance distance for MMJ and BBP. Sentences were produced at normal, fast, slow, and slowest speaking rates. The results showed that nasal airflow and VP orifice area were unaffected by speaking rate variations in males and females, whereas intra-oral pressure appeared to decrease as speaking rate slowed for both speaker groups. However, this effect was removed by statistically controlling SPL. Nasalance and nasalance distance (MMJ – BBP) did not change with speaking rate variation. There was a statistical difference between nasalance scores produced by male and female speakers. The results suggested that aerodynamic and acoustic measures of velopharyngeal function are not affected by variation in speaking rate in healthy males and females.