我国助产士专业体系构建的质性研究

目的：探讨我国助产士专业体系的构建,为我国制定助产士制度、规范助产士任职资格和岗位任务提供参考意见,推动我国助产学科向更规范化、更合理的方向发展。方法应用半结构访谈法对8个省市26家不同级别的综合医院妇产科、妇幼保健院、妇产医院的业务院长、产科主任、产科医生、助产士及产科护士41名专业人员,进行访谈,对助产士专业体系构建进行研究。结果经过深入访谈和分析,提炼出4个主题：目前从事助产工作的人员结构;助产士岗位任务现状;构建我国助产士专业体系重要性、必要性以及应包括哪些内容;助产士的岗位任务和任职资格应该包括哪些。结论我国应尽快发展助产士制度,加强助产士培训和教育,制定助产士准入制度及相应的助产士法律法规,规范助产士管理,明确助产士任职资格和岗位任务,制定规范的助产士晋升制度,实现助产专业科学管理,促进助产学科发展,从而促进母婴健康,保障母婴安全。     

A workforce profile comparison of practising and non-practising midwives in Australia: baseline data from the Midwives and Nurses e-Cohort Study

Existing workforce data, as an estimate of the current capability of the midwifery workforce to provide midwifery care, is confounded by systematic reporting issues that may overestimate the potential of the existing midwifery workforce. This paper reports the characteristics of qualified Australian midwives who responded to the baseline data collection in the Midwives and Nurses e-Cohort Study and compares those who are currently practising in midwifery with those who are not. Currently practising midwives represented only 52% of those respondents who identified as midwives and the profile of the typical midwife is female, aged over 40 years, Australian, married or in a de facto relationship. She has been registered for over 10 years, educated to postgraduate diploma level and currently works in a clinical midwifery role in a hospital for less than 35 hours per week. Specific deficits in the Australian midwifery workforce namely low numbers of indigenous midwives, independent practitioners and midwives suitably qualified to teach and undertake research in academia are identified. Drawing on the nationally representative e-cohort data, this cross-sectional analysis identifies for the first time the real face of the Australian midwifery workforce and provides an evidence-based foundation for future workforce planning and a methodology for other countries interested in accurately monitoring their actual and potential midwifery workforce.     

助产士职业感染的预防

医务人员因工作性质、工作环境的特殊性，常常暴露各种现存的或潜在的危险因素中，助产士更是在这种特殊环境中从事护理专业的群体。她们经常暴露于被产妇血液、体液、羊水污染以及锐器损伤的危险因素中，具有感染引发某种疾病的潜在危险。然而紧张、繁重、高风险的工作，使她们忽略了自我保护。现就助产士职业感染的因素及预防措施进行综述，旨在引起相关人员的重视，在提高医疗护理质量的同时，维护助产士的健康。     

有性传播疾病的产妇分娩过程中防护与分析

目的了解分娩产妇性传播疾病（STD）情况。探讨助产士操作中STD感染防护措施，减少职业性感染的产生。方法针对产妇STD传播途径和危险性，采取有效消毒隔离措施及防止锐器伤发生。结果2003年1月～2004年12月在我院住院分娩产妇5224例，其中STD病例43例，根据统计发现发病率逐年增加。结论通过采取有效消毒隔离措施，重视自身防护，达到降低助产士职业性感染几率的目的。     

助产士与外科护士心理健康状况比较及分析

目的了解助产士心理健康状况,探讨影响其心理健康状况的因素。方法采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)以及护士职业压力评定量表,分别对35名助产士和47名外科病房护士进行调查分析。结果助产士SDS均值为(42.14±5.32),高于外科病房护士的(38.65±5.40)(P<0.01);助产士抑郁症状发生率为41.5%,高于外科病房护士的27.3%(P<0.05)。助产士的压力源平均得分均高于外科护士。结论助产士抑郁症状发生率明显高于外科病房护士;产房工作特点和工作环境是影响助产士心理健康的主要原因。     

我院助产士接生考核结果分析及对策

目的 分析助产士接生考核结果,为制定相应的培训措施提供依据.方法 成立考核小组,制定接生流程及考核评分标准,对所有助产士进行考核.比较不同助产工龄的助产士考核成绩差异,总结考核中常见不足.结果 工龄0~3年的助产士考核平均成绩低于工龄3年以上的助产士,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）,工龄3~5年的助产士与工龄5年以上的助产士考核平均成绩差异无统计学意义.考核中常见的不足有沟通、隐私保护、会阴麻醉技术等.结论 低年资助产士要加强接生技能的培训;要加强助产士会阴麻醉技术、沟通能力、患者隐私权等相关知识培训.     

Midwives Roles in Women’s Improvement of Protective Behaviour against Breast Cancer Whether they have a Family History of Cancer or Not

Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine roles of midwives in helping women improve behavior for protection against breast cancer and towards early diagnosis whether they have a family history of cancer or not. Materials and methods: The study was planned in order to evaluate the efficacy of education about the risk factors of breast cancer and primary and secondary protection (early diagnosis) measures given to the women between the ages of 20-49, literate, married and who had or did not have cancer cases in their families. It was carried out in the region of Çamkule Levent Kara Health Care Center between March 2006 and April 2007. Results: Age, educational and economic status of the women with or without a cancer case in their families have been equivalent and a statistically significant difference has not been determined between both of the groups (p>0.05). The cancer risk perception of the women having a cancer case in their families (75.8%) was higher than in those wwithout (62.8%) (p<0.005). Although they were also better informed about protection against cancer and early diagnosis, they do not participate to a greater extent in the practices of early diagnosis-scanning of breast cancer and they do not turn the information into attitude or behavior. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that midwives have significant responsibilities for directing all women towards protection against breast cancer and early diagnosis programs.     

Midwives’ perceptions and experiences of caring for women who experience perinatal mental health problems: An integrative review

Backgroundperinatal mental health is an important public health issue and consideration must be given to care provision for effective support and care of women in the perinatal period.Aimto synthesise primary research on midwives’ perceived role in Perinatal Mental Health (PMH).Designintegrative review.MethodsWhittemore and Knafl's (2005) framework was employed. A systematic search of the literature was completed. Studies were included if they met the following criteria: primary qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods research studies published in peer reviewed journals between January 2006 to February 2016, where the population of interest were midwives and the outcomes of interest were their perceived role in the management of women with PMH problems. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using the relevant CASP (Critical Appraisal Skills Programmes, 2014) criteria for quantitative and qualitative research studies. Data extraction, quality assessment and thematic analysis were conducted.Findingsa total of 3323 articles were retrieved and 22 papers were included in the review (15 quantitative, 6 qualitative and one mixed method study). The quality of the studies included was good overall. Two overarching themes emerged relating to personal and professional engagement. Within personal engagement four sub themes are presented: knowledge, skills, decision making and attitude. Within professional engagement four themes are presented: continuous professional development, organisation of care, referral, and support.Conclusions and implications for practicethe findings indicate midwives require continuous professional development opportunities that address knowledge, attitudes to PMH, communication and assessment skills. However educational and training support in the absence of appropriate referral pathways and support systems will have little benefit.